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THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S

MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

R. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. O. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LV.

[XHIRU SERIES- VOL. V.]

" J'engage done tous a eviter clans leiu-s ecrits toute persoujialitti,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbc ue.

LONDON :
GURNEY & JACKSON (Me. \a^ Voorst's Successors).
33, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.4.
$ 1919.

/

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C. 4.

i>

INDEX.

S PAGE

Titt,e-Page i

' NiRiBi'TORS iii

KKAL I.VDEX iv

B;'i,ciAL Index —

C'oleoptera viii

Diptera xi

H-jiiptpra xi

Hymeuoptera xii

Special Index (continued) — page

Lepidoptera xiii

Neuroptera and Trichoptera xv

Orthoptera iv

Genera and Species new to Britain ... xvi

„ „ ,, „ „ Science... xvii

Explanation of Plates xis

Errata rr:

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

PAGE

Allen, J. W 128

Ashe, G. R 260

Black, J. E., F.L.S 231

hl-Mr, K. G., B.Sc.,F.E.S....101, 112,

200, 207

Bodkin, G. E., B.A., F.Z.S 210, 264

Box, L. a 17, 89

Britten, H., F.E.S 88

Bryant, G., F.E.S 70

Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S....17,

137, 203

Buxton, Capt. P. A., F.E.S 163

Cameron, M., M.B., R.N.,F.E.S. ...32,

178, 207, 224, 230, 251

Carter, A. E. J 18, 233

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S. ...1, 26, 41,
67, 97, 106, 129, 154, 158, 177,

209, 236, 279

Champion, H. G., B.A., F.E.S. ...99, 219
Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S. ...6, 58,

138, 163

Cheatham, C. H 19

Collins, J 68, 69

Corbett, H. H., M.D., F.L.S 34

David, H. E 88

Day, F. H., F.E.S 16, 17

PAGE

Deville, Col. J. St. Claire 196

Donisthorpe, H., F.Z.S 232

Edwards, F. W., F.E.S 83, 103, 176

Edwards, J., F.E.S 55, 105

Gatenby, J. B., B.A., B.Sc 19

Gedye, A. F. J 16

Gimingham, C. T 157, 158, 179, 207

Green, E. E., F.Z.S 175

Hallett, H. M., F.E.S 262

Hamm, A. H., F.E.S 66, 229

Harwood, B. S 18, 280

Harwood, P 280

Hudson, G. v., F.E.S 108, 181, 232

Hutchinson, G. E 33, 261

Kaye, W. J., F.E.S 5

Keilin, D., Sc.D 92

Keys, J. H., F.E.S 259

Laing, F., M.A., B.Sc, F.E.S. ...233,

272, 278

Lewis, G., F.L.S 173

Mace, H 255

Mayor, C. M 28, 79

Meyrick, E., F.E.S 108, 160

Morice,Eev.- F. D., M.A., F.E.S.... 62,

133, 204

Morley, C, F.Z.S 107, 159, 208

a 2

PAGE

Morton, K. J., F.E.S 143, 183

Muir, F., F.E.S 89

Newbery, E.' A 32

Nicholson, C, F.E.S 33

Nicholson, G. W., M.A., M.D., F.E.S.

136, 150, 207

Nielsen,? 139

Pearce, E. J 207, 261

Perkins, R. C. L., M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S.

4, 8, 68, 160, 181

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 69, 232

Potter, W 88

Eyle, G. B 178, 231, 232

PAGE

Scott, H., M.A., F.L.S 13

Sharp, D., M. A., F.E.S 76, 106,

124, 151

Spessivtsev, P 246, 279

Thouless, H. J 174

Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A., F.E.S., 159, 260

Turner, H. J., F.E.S. ...36, 69, 110, 141,

162, 182, 209, 235, 280

Turner, E. E., F.E.S 161

WalUs, E. F 33, 127

Waterston, J.. B.D., B.Sc 274

Wheeler, Eev. G., M.A., F.Z.S. ...39, 142

Woodforde, F. C, B.A., F.E.S 103

GENERAL INDEX.

Aculeate ITyiuenoptera in the Channel Lslaiids

Additions to E. Saunders's Catalogue of British Ilymenoptera (Aculeata),

1902, and Clianges in Nomenclature
Adimonia oelandica Boh. in Dorset

Aleuonota egrej^ia Kye and Ocypus cyaneus Payk. in Norfolk
Alimentary Canal and its aj)pendages in the larvae of Scatopsidae and

Bibiouidae (Diptera Nematocera), On the, witli some remarks on the

parasites of these larvae
Allantus perkinsi, u. sp.— A new British Sawfly
Andrena dor,sata K. and A. similis Sm. stylopized
Audrenas, Iliheruating

Antoniua (Coccidae), On a new sjjecies of, from Ceylon
Apanteles glomeratu?, a Bracouid parasite of the larva of Pieris brassicae

Note on
Aphides, British, Two species of

Atheta inhabilis Kr. and A. vaiida Kr. in Berkshire . .
Bagous lutulosus in Glamorgan and Berks
Balkan Buttertlies . .
Bark-beetles, New, from the neighbourhood of Vladivostok (East Siberia)

246 ; a correction
Bombus terrestris L. in New Zealand . .
British Aphides, Two species of . .

Bryocharis (Megacronus) analis Payk. var. merdaria Gyll. iu A\'ales
Calosoma sycophanta L. at PLxmouih

Catagramnia pitheaa and Catagramma cyclops distinct species
Catalogue of British Ilymenoptera (Aculeata), E. Saunders's, Additions to,
and Changes in Nomenclature

PAG.E

262

8
207

178

92

62

181

89
175

19
272
207
260
255

279
33

272
32

180

PAGE

Cathormiocerus Schonh., A revision of the species of the Iberian Peninsula

and Marocco ; by Manuel M. de la Escalera . . . . . . . . 67

Cerambycid, A, infesting pine-cones in India fChlorophorus strobilicola,

n. sp.) 219

Cei'atopogon nitidus Macq., A ribbon-making fly, the oviposition of . . . . 66

Cerycon sternalis Sharp at Oxford . . . , . . . . . . . . 68

Cetonia aurata, Some notes on . . . , . , . , . . . . . . 200

Chaetocnema sahlbergi Gyll. in Sussex . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Chalchas Blanch. (Ooleoptera), Notes on various species of the genus . . 1

Choerocampa nerii at Huddersfield . , . . . . . . . . . . 232

Chrysopa dorsalis Burm. in Berlishire. 69 ; near Colchester . . , . . . 18

Coccids, A note on four British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Coleoptera, Aquatic, etc. of the Trent Valley and in the neighbourhood of
Long Eaton, On the, 127 ; of the Brighton district, 178 ; a correction,
232 ; British, On the capture of some recently described, 196 ; Dartmoor,
Some, taken on, 261 ; at Dunster, Somerset, 231 ; of Guiana, British,
Notes on the, 210, 264 ; Hertfordshire, Some taken in, in 1918, 157 ;
Some Indian (1), 236 ; at the Lizard, Cornvyall, 259 ; Somersetshire,
Some, taken in, 179 ; a correction . .

Colpodes splendens Morawitz, a Japanese Carabid in Berkshire

Cosymbia (Ephyra) pendularia CI., A new aberration of

Crabro capitosus Shuck, in the Midlands

Dascillidae, saltatorial. New and little-known : supplementary note, 26
second supplementary note . .

Deinacrida megacephala Buller, Proportion of the sexes in, 108 ; The sound
producing organ of . .

Delphax distincta Flor and D. puUula Boh. in Cumberland . .

Derbidae, Notes on, in the British Museum Collection, II : a correction

Deronectes depressus Fabr. and elegans Panz. . .

Diabrotica soror Lee. in Glamorganshire

Dianotis Samouelle, The genus, as represented in India and China (Coleo-
ptera), 41 ; Additional notes on the Indian species of, 97 ; The
occiuTence of, in Almora, Kumaon, U.P., India . .

Uiptera in Perthshire

Dollman Collection, The . .

Dryops, On the British species of

Emphytus serotinus, Egg-laying of

Endomychidae in Essex . .

Entomology in Sarawak, Borneo . .

Epuraea distincta Grimmer, a beetle new to Britain . .

Eupelix Germar, On the British species of

Gastrophilus equi F., the Horse Bot-fly, Observations on

Gerris asper Fab. in Norfolk

Gibbium scotias F., Secondary sextial character of . . « . ,

Gnophomyia tripudians Bergroth : a new British &y . .

Gold Coast, A new Sycophagine (Agaonidae-Chalcidoidea) genus and
species, from the

Halictus maculatus Sm., Note on a peculiarity in the burrows of

Hemiptera in Jersey, 137 ; New localities for some interesting

207

159

103

17

129

232
17
89

107

88

99

233

135

76

6

16

70

128

105

229

33

88

176

274

160

17

Heteracrius Kivsoli, A note on the Melyrid-genus

Heterocerus, IS otes on the habits of

Heteropezine fly, A new British

[listeridae, On the taxonomy of the

Iloplocampa tet;tudinea Kliio', Note on . .

Horse Bot-fly, Gnstrophilus equi, Observations on the

Ilydrovatus clypealis Sharp, New localities for

Ilymenoptera, Aculeate, in the Channel Islands

Insects and Fungi on Grass Land

Insects damaging lead

Lasiacautha capucina Germ., A Tingid bug new to the British list . •

Lamprinus sagiiiatus Gr., Note on the occurrence of, in ants' nests . ,

Lead, Insects damaging . .

Leptura rubra L. in Norfolk

Liopus nebulosus Linn., Note on a dark form of

Lygaeonematus wesraaeli Tisehb., A lutlierto unrecorded British Sawfly

(from Yorkshire)
Lytta vesicatoria L. in Norfolk and the Isle of Wight
Machinius atricapillus Fin. in Lancashire
Macropsis Lewis, A note on the ]*>vitish species of; with descriptions of two

new species
Melampsalta cingulata, Note on the nymph of . .
Melanophila acuminata De G. at a tire in June, 156; Another note on tlie

habits of . .
Memorial to the late Frederick DuCane Godman, D.C.L., F.B^.S. . .
Mesopotamia, Odonata from . . ; . . . . . . . . 1-13,

New Forest, A few insects in, 208 ; Tlemiptera, etc., in the . .
Nomada roberjeotiana Panz., Nole on . .
Notonecta halophila Edw. in Cornwall . .

Ohituauies.— Major Thomas Broiiu, F.E.S., 264; Bruce F. Cumniings,
264; Hereward C. Dollman, F.E.S., 139; P>ederick DuGane Godman,
1).C.L.,F.R.S., 69, 89 ; William Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., 91 ; William
E. Sharp, F.E.S., 263 ; Harold Swale, M.D. iV >■

Ocypus cyaneus Payk. in Suffolk, 109 ; and Aleuonota egregia Pye in
Norfolk . .' '..'..

Odonata from Mesopotamia . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,

Odontaeus mobilicornis Fali. in Wiltshire

Orneodes hiiebneii, Occurr'_'nce of, iu Canada ..

Otiorriiynchine beetle of the genus Phyncogonus Sharp, A new species of.
froui Laysan Island , .

Oxytelus insecatus Gr. in ants' nests

Pancalia leuwenhoekella. Habits of

Paraphytosns : a correction

Phloeopora angustiformis BoTidi . .

rhry<ianea obsoleta in Yorkshire. .

Phucobius Sharp and Orthidus Key (Staphylinidae), Note on the genera . .

Planeustomus Huv., On some new species of the Staphylinid genus, from
India, with notes on certain allied forms . .

Platypus cylindrus, Further localities for, 232 ; iu Worcestershire . .

PAOE

279
107
108
170
138
229
159
262
1«1
278
203
136
278
174
158

204

207
19

181

177
2( It)
1><3
209
68
261

140

178
183
231
108

4

136

im

32

10()

69

207

154

260

PAGE

Platyrrhimis latirostris F. at Long Ashton, Somerset. . . . . . . . 158

Plusia moneta, The range of, in Britain . . . , . . . . . , 33

Pteromalus deplanatus Nees, Swarming of the Chalcid, in buildings , . ]3

Pterostichns angustatus Dufta., Note on . . . . . . . . . . 106

Ptinidae and Dermestidae, Note on the occurrence of some, in old cotton-
mills at Droylsden, near Manchester . . , . . . . . . . 88

Ptinus sexpunctatus Panz. and Osmia rufa Linn. . . . . . . . , 107

Pj'thidae, Notes on the, with descriptions of new species .. .. .. 112

Reviews. — " The Zygoptera, or Damsel-flies of Illinois," by Philip Garman,
Ph.D., 109; Salaas (U.), ''Die .Fichtenkafer Finnlands," 162 ; "Cata-
logue Systematique et Descriptif des Collections Zoologiques du Baron

Elm. de Selys Longchamps" . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Rhynchophora, Studies in, 4; An aberrant new genus and tribe from New

Guinea . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Rhyncogonus Sharp, A new species of Otiorrhynchine beetle of the genus,

from Laysan Island . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Ribbon-making fly, A : the oviposition of Ceratopogon nitidus Macq. . . 66
Sarawak, Borneo, Entomology in ,. .. .. ,. .. ,,70

Sa,rothrus areolatus Htg. bred . . , . . . . . . . . , , , 280

Sawflies (Pteronus piui and Pteronus sertifer), Notes on . , , . . . 58

Sirex juTencus L. in New Zealand , , . . . . , , , , , . 181

Soci6te Eutomologique Beige . . , , . . . . . . . . . . 109

Societies. — Entomological Society of London, 39, 142 ; South Londou
Entomological Society, 36, 69, 110, 141, 162^ 182, 209, 235, 280 ; York-
shire Naturalists' Union : Entomological Section, Annual Meetings . . 34
Spliaeridium, A note on the British species of . , , , . , , , , . 124
Staphylinid genera Hoplandria Kr. and Coenonica Kr. . . . . . . 230

Staphyliuidae, New species of, from Ceylon, Part I . . , . . . 224, 251
Sycopha2:ine (Agaonidae-Chalcidoidea), A new, genus and species from the

Gold Coast 274

Synonymic note, A (on Catobleps, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Syrphus ribesii, Note on the " singing " of, while at rest ,. ., 18, 33
Taeuiorhynchus richiardii Fie. (Diptera, Culicidae), The larva and pupa of,

83 : a correction , . . , , . . , , . . . . . . . 139

Tarucus mediterraneae Bethune-Baker, Contributions to a Life-History of. . 163

Tenthredella flavicornis F. at Lichfield . . . . . . . . , . , . 133

Thaiycra sericea Sturm in Cumberland , . , . . , . , . . . 16

Trichiosoma tibiale and Acampsia pseudospretella . . , . . , , . 138

Twenty-five Years iu South Devon. A Lepidopterist's retrospect . . 25, 79
Xiphydria prolongata Geoffr. {— dromedarius Fabr.) bred from an artificial

leg 161

S P E I A L

"For the new genera, species, etc., described
British Guiana recorded by

COLEOPTERA.

Abraeus g-lobosiis 180

Acanthocinus aedilis 35

Acidota cruentata 35

Acilius sulcatus 128

Adimonia oelandica 207

Aegialia arenaria 180

Agabiis brunneus, 259 ; nebulosus,

paludosus, sturmi, etc 128

Agathidiiim nigripenne 179

Aleochara cimiculorum 231

Aleuonota egregia 178

Alniphagus 279

Alophiis triguttatus 180

Amalus haemoiThous 260

Amara ovata, var 259

Amphimallus oehraceus 260

Anacaena globultis, etc 128

Anaspis garneysi, 199 ; geoffroyi, etc. 180
Anchomenus piceus, 179 ; thoreyi ... 128
Anisodactylus binotatus,var. spurcati-

cornis 259

Anobiuni f ul vicorne 180

Anomala frischi, var 208

Anommatus 12-striatiis 261

Aiithnnomiis rnbi, var. comari 200

Aphodius rufus, sticticus 178

Atheta lialobrectha, 259 ; injiabilis,

valida 207

Bagous lutnloeus ., 260

Barynotus olevatus 180

Barypithesduplicatus.pellucidi;s,20(l;

siilcif rons 260

Bembidiuin articulatum, 128 ; coii-
cinniiui, 179 : doris, 35 ; pallidi-
penne, 179 ; rufoscens, 231 ;

tibiale 179

Berosus luridus. 1 79

Blatticephalus adelotopus 102

Bledius secerdendus 197

Brachy tarsus varins 180

Brady cellus sharpi 197

INDEX.

see pp. svii-xviii. The Coleoptera from
Mr. Bodkin are omitted.]

PAGE

Brychiiis elevatus 179

Bryocharis (Megacronus) analis, v.

merdaria 32

Cafivis fucicola 231

Calosoma sycophanta 180

Cantharis [Telephorus] darwiniaiia . . . 199

Cardiophorus eriehsoni 2G0

Cartodere ruficollis 180

Cassida sanguinolenta 260

Cathormiocerus, 67 ; maritimus 260

Catobleps 101

Caulotrupis aeneopiceus 231

Cercyon (Cerycon) sternalis and var.
intermixtus, 68, 199 ; subsul-

catus 199

Cerylon fagi, 261 ; histeroides ...180, 231

Cetonia aurata, var. nigra 201

Ceuthorrhynchidius dawsoni, 260 ;

horridus, 178 ; terminatus 260

Ceuthorrhynchus nasturtii 260

Chaetarthria seminulum 179

Chaetoenema sahlbergi 280

Chalchas 1

Chlorophorus strobilicola 219

Choleva morio 179

Chysomela banksi, gottingensis, 261 ;

staphylaea 178

Cillenus lateralis 231

Clonus blattariae 180

Cis fuscatus ISO

Clivina collaris 128

Clytus mysticus 35

Coolambus confluens,inae(iualis, versi-
color 123

I Coenonica ..-. - 230

I Colpodes splendens 159

I Colymbetes fuscus 128

Copelatus agilis 179

Corymbites aeneus, 261 ; bipustu-

I latus 231

Crepidodera impressa 280

Cryphalus biiiodulus, tiliae 261

PAGE

Cryptophagiis fowleri, 199 ; ruficor-

nis 231

Cyclonotuiu orbicularo 179

Cynibiodyta ovalis 179

Cytilus sei-iceus 179

Dacue riitifrons 180

Deronectes assimilis, 128 ; depressus,

elegans, 107 ; 12-pustulatus 128, 261

Diabrotica soror 88

Dianous spp 41, 97, 99

Diphyllus lunatus 180, 231

Dorytomus pectoralis 180

Drilus flavesceus 188

Diyophilus piisillus 180

Dry ops (British species) 76

Dytiscus circumcinctus, 35, 128
niarginalis, 128, 261 ; pmictii-

latus 261

Elmis aeneus, cupreus, subviolaceus,

voikmari 180

Endomychurt coccineus 16

Enicmus histrio 199

Ennearthron affine 180

Epiyeda nigricans 207

Epuraea angustula, 209 ; distincta... 128

Ejnobius mollis 180

Eu8piialerum primulae 179

Eustrophus 102

l''alsocossyplius, 101 ; adelotopiis,

blattoides, chatanayi, pilosus ... 103

Crabrius appendiculatas, etc. 197, 198

Galerucella fergussoni 199

Geotrupes mutator 231

U ibbium scotias 88

Gnathoncus nidicola 199

Gymnetron beccabungao, pascuornm,

villosulus 180

C jTinus bicolor 179

G yrophaena convexicollis 198

llaliplus fiuviatilis, 127 ; fulvus, 179,

261 ; immaculatus, 261 ; lineato-

collis, mucronatus, 127 ; ruli-

collis, 127, 261 ; variegatus, 261 ;

wehnckei 127, 261

Harpalus honestus, 23 ; serripes, tene-

brosus 259

Hedobius imperialis

Heliopathes gibbiis

Helophorus brevipalpis, etc

Henoticus seri-atns

Heteracrius

Heterocerus (habits)

Heterotus p alicarius

Hippuriphila modeeri

Histeridae

Homalium planum

Hoplandria

, Hydaticus transversalis

Hydraena (in India), 236 ; britteni,
198 ; gracilis, 259 ; nigrita, 128,
179; palustris (=:testacea, 208),
179 ; riparia

Hydrobius f uscipes, var. aeneus

Hydroporus dorsahs, pictus, etc

Hydrothassa marginella

Hydrovatus clypealis

Hylastes ater, crenatus

Hylastinus (Hylastinoides) alni

Hyperaspis reppensis

Hyphydrus ovatus

Hj'pophloeus linearis

llybius fuliginosus, obscurus

Ips 4-guttatus

Ischnomera coerulea

Laccobius bipunctatus, etc., 128 ; pur-
purascens, ytenensis

Laccophilus iiiterruptus, obscurus ...

Laemophloeus ater, 261 ; bimaculatus,
ferrugineus

Lamprinus saginatus

Leistotrophus nebulosus

Leptura rubra

Lesteva f ontinalis

Limuebiu.s nitidus, 128, 179 ; trunca-
tellus

Limnius troglodytes

Liophloeus nubilus

Liopus nebulosus, dark var

Lissodema

Litargus bifasciatus 180,

Litodactylus leucogaster

Lochmaea suturalis 1 79,

180
180
128
231
279
107
259
179
173
231
230
179

128
128
128
179
159
180
249
259
128
231
128
231
231

198
128

260
136
231
174
259

128
259
261
158
115
231
180
180

PAGE

Lycoperdina bovistae 16, 1/9

Lytta vesicatoria 207

Malthinus frontalis 180

Malthodes atomus, dispar, fibulatus . . . 180

Mecinus circiJatus 260

Melandrya caraboides 179

Melanophila acuminata 177

Meligetlies subriigosus 259

Meloe violaceus 231

Metoecus paradoxus .. 180

Miarus micros 259

Micilus minr.tissimus 237, 240

Micralymma marinum 259

Microzoum tibiale 180, 231

Molorchus minor 35

Monotoma sijinicoUis 180

Mordellistena abdominalia 180

Mycetophagus atomarius 180, 231

Myrmecopora brevipes 198

Myrmedonia f unesta 231

Necrodes littoralis 261

Niptus hololeueus 88

Noterus clavicornis 128, 178

Ochina hederae 180

Ochthebius (in India), 230 ; irapressi-

collis, impressus 259

Ocypus compressus, 261 ; congruus,

207; cyaneus 178

Odontaeus mobilicornis 231

Oloplirum fuscum, nioholsoni 197

Oncogenys (Oncophorus) pirazzolii ...154

Opatrum sabalo.sum 231

Orchestes iota 208

Orsodacna cerasi, var. glabrata 261

Orthidus cribratus 207

Orthocerus muticus ISO

Oi'thochaotes insignis, setiger 260

Otiorrhynehus ovatus, rugifrons 180

Oxyttljs insecatus 136

Panagaeus 4-pustulatus 261

Paromalus flavicornis 231

Paraphytosus 32

Podiacus depressus, 180; dermes-

toides 231

Philhydi-us melanocephalus, etc 128

Philonthus addendus, 231 ; cribratus.. 207
Phloeobinm clypcatum 179

PAGE

Phloeoplithorus rhododactylus 261

Phloeopora angustiformis, testacea,

transita 106

Phyllotreta tetrastigma 180

Phucobius 207

Pissodes notatus 35

Pityophthorusbidens, 231 ; pubescens, 180

Platypus cylindrus 208, 232, 260

Pocadius ferruginous 180

Polydrusiis clirysomela 260

Poopiiag-us sisymbrii 180

Prognatha quadricornis 1 79

Psammobius sulcicollis 180

Pselaphus dresdensis 209

Psylliodes dulcamarae 178

Pterostichus angustatus 106

Ptinus sexpunctatus, 107, 182, 278 ;

tectus 88

Pythidae 112

Quedius hammianus, molochinus, pal-

lipes, simplicifrons 19S

Rhamphus flavicornis 180

Rhantus pulverosus, 128 ; pimctatus 178
Ehinosimus ruficollis, viridipennis ... 124
Ehizoijhagus parallelocollis, 261 ; per-

foratiis, 180 ; politus 261

Rbyncogonus 4

Rhyncolus lignarius 180, 231

Salpingellus 123

Salpingus 112

Saprinus maritimus 1 80

Scaphidium 4-maculatum 231

Scirtes 26, 129

Scolytus multistriatus 180

Sibinia sodalis 260

Silpha obscura, 259 : thoracica...l79, zijl

Sinodendron cylindricum ISO

Sitonos griseus, 180 ; waterhoasei, 231, 260

Smicronyx jimgurniamiiae 2 GO

Sphaeridium bipustuiatum, 126; 4-

maculatum, scarabaeoides 125

Sphaeriestes 123

Sphindus dubius 208

Staphylriiidae (from Ceylon) 224, 250

Staphylinus caesareus 179

Stemmoderus 102

Stenostola ferrea 2ul

PAGE

Stenus guttula 259

Stomis pumicatus 179

Tachinus proximus 35

Tachys walkerianus 196

Tanysphyrus lemnae 180

Tetrops praeusta ISO

Thalycra sericea 16

Throscus carinif rons ISO

Timarcha tenebricosa 17S, 261

Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus, 35 ; lati-

collis, myrmecophihis 260

TrigDiiogenius globulum 88

Tripliyllus suturalis 180

Trypodendron domesticum 180, 182

Tychius pusillns 260

Vincenzellus (Rliinosimus) viridi-

peiiiiis 124

Xyleboriis dispar, dryographus 260

DIPTEEA.

Alophora hemiptera 208

Atylotus fulvus 208

Biblio hortulanus, 94 ; johannis 95

Ceratopogon nitidus 66

Chrysops caecutiens, 208 ; relicta ... 233

Chrysotoxum bicinctum 208

Criorrhina floccosa, oxyacanthae 208

Dilophus febriUs, vulgaris 95

Ditomyidae 95

Dolichopus atratii.'t 208

Ecliinomyia grossa 19

Epipbragma ocellaris 95

Erioptera sp 88

Eristalme 88

Eristalis riipium 233

Gastropbilus equi 229

Gnoj)hoinyia tripudians 176

Haematopota crassicornis,233 ; pluvi-

aiis 208

Heteropezinae 103

Hilara lui-ida, nigrina 66

Hydrotaea pilipes 233

Isoiiogon bre virostris 233

PAGE

Leptosyna setipennis 104

Machimiis atricapillus 19

Metopia argy rocephala 2 • )9

Mycetophilidae 95

Notiphila sp 88

Oxycera dives 233

Phorbia lacfcucae 280

Physocephala nigra 233

Pipimeulus unicolor 208

Polietes hirticrura 233

Scatopse clavipes, 94 ; notata, 92 ; sp. 94

Sericomyia borealis 208

Sphaeromyas argentatus 67

Sphixapata coiiica 209

Symphoromyia crassicornis 233

Syrphus luniger, 18 : ribesii 18, 33

Tabanus bovinus, bromius, maculi-

cornis 208

Taeniorhynchus richiardii , 83, 139

Therioplectes distinguendus, 208, 233 ;

micaiis 233

HEMIPTERA.

Aelia acuminata 137

Antonina zonata 1 75

Apbanus lynceus, quadratus 137

Aphis rumicis, 182 ; tripolii 273

Atractotomus mali 208

Beosus maritimus 137

Brevicoryne brassicae 182

Callipterus betulicola 208

Ceraleptus lividus 137

Ceratocombus coleoptratus 209

Cbaragochilus gyllenhalii 138

Coranus subapterus 138

Corizus parumpunctatus 137

Cryptostemma alienum 209

Cydnus flavieornis 137

Cymus claviculus 137

Delphax distincta, pullula 17

Derbidae in Brit. Mus. collection ... 89

Dolycoris baccarum 137

Drymus piceiis, 209 ; sylvaticus 137

Elasmostethus f errugatus 17

Emblethis verba.sci 13'

Eriopeltis f estucae 234

Eupelix, species of 105, 106

Geotomus punctulatns 137

Gems asper '^'^

Grypotes pinetellus 17

Hebrus pnsillus, ruficeps 209

Heterogaster urticae 137, 138

Idiocerus distinguendus, 208 ; sciu-ra. 17

Ischnocoris angustwlus 137

Iscbnorhynchus geminatus 137

Kermes qiiercus 233

Lasiacantha capucina 203

Lygaeosoma reticiilatnni 13 <

Macrodema micropterimi 137, 208

Macropsis decoratus, 55 : populi, 5fi ;

species of t'^', ^'

Macrosiphouiella asteris 272

Megaloceraea erratiea 138

Melampsalta cingvilata 181

Metacanthus elegans 137

Nabis ferus, lativentris, rugosus 138

Notochilus contractus, 137 ; liijibatus, 209
Notonect;! furcata, glauca, balopliila,

maciilata 261

Nysius tliy mi 137

Odontoscelis dorsalis, fiiliginosa 138

Oliarus Icporinus 208

Pachycoleus ruf escens 209

Pedi'opsis virescens 208

Peritrechus mibilus, sylvestris 137

Pilophorus perplexus 208

Pionosonius varius 137

Plinthisus brevipeiinia 138

Plociomerus fracticoUis, luridus 209

Podops inunt'ta 137

Prostemma guttula 138

Pyrrhocoris apterus 137

Rhyparochrotaua dilatatus, prae-

textatvis 137

Sciocoris cursitans 137

Scolopostethus decoratus, thomsoni... 137

Spatbocera dalniaimi 137

Stenocephaliis agilis 137, 138

Stj'gnoeoris fuligineus 137, 138

PAC4E

Tberapba byoscyami 137

Verlusia quadrata 137, 138

Zygina aliieti, coryli, mali 58

HYMENOPTERA.

Acanthomyops alienus, niger 262

Allantus arcuatus, 62 ; perkinsi 62

Ammophila campestris 209

Andrena afzeliella, etc., 68 ; agilis-
sima, etc., 262 ; argentata, 209 ;
brevicornis, nitidior, 65 ; cine-
raria, cingiilata, fulva, nigroaenea,
89 ; dorsata, similis, etc., 181 ;

nitida 209

Anisobas hostilis 209

Apanteles glomeratus 19

Astata boops 262

Bombus terrestris, etc 33

Cerceris rybyensis 262

Ceratophorus morio 9

Cimbex syl varum 1 39

Cladius viiuinalis 60, 61

Colletes daviesaims 262

Comys scutellata 209

Crabro capitosus, 17 ; cribrarius, 262 ;

pubescens, signatus 209

Cremastogaster dohrni 176

Croesus latipes 139

Crossocerus elongatus 262

Empbytus serotinus 6

Figites anthmyiarum 280

Formica fusca, pratensis 262

Halictus leu-cozonius, minutus, smeath-
mannellus, 262 ; maculatiis, tu-

midorum 160

Hoplocampa testu.dinea 138

Hymenoptera Aculeata, additions to

British, since 1902 8

Hylaeus hyalinatus 262

Iridomyrmex Lumilis 262

Lindenius albilabris 262

Lygaeonematus laricis, wesmaeli 205

Megachile maritima 262

Microgaster connexus 25

PAGE

Nomada flava, lineola, 262 ; rober-

jeotiana 68

Odynerus parietum, pictus, reni-

f ormis 262

Osmiarufa 107, 278

Oxybelus uniglumis 209

Panurgus calearatus, ursinus 262

Perilissus hiteolator 138

Phymatocera aterrima 61

Pompilus plumbeus, rufipes, spissus. . 209

Psen equeatris 209

Pteromalus deplanatiis 13

Pteronus pini, sertifer 58

Rliadinoceraea micans 61

Salius exaltatus 209

Sarotlirus areolatus 280

Seres armipes 276

Sirex jiivencus 181

Sphecodes affinis, divisus 262

Tachysphex pectinipes 269

Tenthredella flavicornis, 133 ; macu-

lata 134

Teras terminalis 16

Totraraorium caespitum. 262

Trichiosoma tibiale 138

Trig'onoderus princeps 209

Vespa norvegica, rufo 209

Xiphydria pi'olongata 161

LEPIDOPTEEA.

Abraxas grossiilariata, vars. nigra,
nigrosparsata, and varleyata-

nigrosparsata 36

Acherontia atropos 29

Acronycta leporina, 236 ; ligustri ... 29

Adopaea thaumas 258

Adscita geryon 235

Agriades aragonensis, 37 ; coridon,

var. albolunata 37

Agrotis Ivmigera, obelisea, porphyrea,

puta, saucia, suffusa 30

Amphydasis betularia, prodromaria... 29

xiu

PAOE

Amphysa gerningana 34

Angerona prunaria 28

Anticlea sinuata 29

Apamea fibrosa 30

Aplecta occulta 30

Aporia crataegi 256

Aporophyla australis 29

Areniphes sabella 143

Argynnis euphrosyne, 34 ; maia,

lathonia, 256 ; paphia 34

Bombyx rubi 208

Brenthis euphrosyne, 34, 209 ; selene,

var 142

Bryophila perla 38

Calamia lutosa 29

Calligenia miniata 28

Callimorpha dominula 82

Calocampa vetusta 30

Camptogramma bilineata, var. testa-

ceolata, 111 ; fluviata 29

Caradrina ainbigua, 29, 81 ; al.sines,

blanda 30

Celastrina argiolus, gynandromorph. . . 37

Cerostoma sequella 34

Clieimatobia brumata 34

Cherocampa elpenor, 29, 34, 208 :

nerii, 232 ; porcellus 29

Chilades trochilus 38

Cleora glabraria, 209 ; lichenaria 28

Coenonympha pamphilus, 257 ; tiphon,

var. philoxenus 37

Chrj^sophanus alciphron vars., 110

dispar, var. 37

CoUa.i edusa, 141, 256 ; var. helicina,

37; hyale 256

Collix sparsata 34

Coremia munitata 34

Corycia taminata, temerata 28

jDosmia affinis, 30 ; diffinis, 29 ;

paleacea 34

Cosymbia (Ephyra) pendularia, var.

orbiculoides 105

Crambus pinellus 36

Cucullia verbasci 34

Cymatophora ociilaris, melanic, 36 ;

ridens 2&

Dasycampa rubiginea 28

XIV

PAGE

Dasypolia templi 29

Deilephila livomica 80

Deiopeia pulcbella 31

Deinas coryli 29

Dianthoecia barrettii 31

Dicranura bifida, 34 ; \TnuJa 29

Dioryctria abietella 110

Drepana binaria Ill

Elachista kilmunella 34

Ellopia fasciaria 29

Ennomos fuscantaria 29

Ephyra pendularia, var. orbiculoifles . 103
Epinephele jurtina, 257, var. addenda,
236, var. hispulla, 235 ; lycaon,

257; tithonus 36

Epione apiciaria, 29 ; paraUelaria ... 34

Epunda lichenea, lutulenta, 30 ; nigra, 28
Euchloe ansonia, 256 ; cardamines,

var. turritis 36

Eupitliecia belveticata, var. arceutbata 39

Eiu-ymene dolobraria 28

Fidonia piniaria 28

Geometra papilionaria 29

Gonophora derasa 29

Hadena genistae 30

Hebomoia glaucippe 38

Heliconius erato, var. extrema 39

Heliothis armigera, 80 ; peltigera, 29,

80 ; scutosa 31

Heliophobus bispidus 80

Hemaris f ucit'ormis Ill

Hesperia malvae, orbifer, sidae 258

Hipparchia briseis 257

Hoporina croceago 28

Hybernia aurantiaria, 34 ; defoliaria,
34, 38, melanic 111, 182; leuco-
phearia, melanic, 112; margi-

naria, var. f uscata 236

Hydraecia crinanensis 38, 23^

Hypena obsitalis 31

Laphygma exigua 29, 79

Leucania albipuncta, 32 ; extranea,

putrescens, 31 ; vitellina 79

Limenitis sibyUa, 208, melanic 236

Liparis chrysorrhoea, monacha 29

Litbosia caniola. 29, 81 ; f.-riHcola.

var. straminuola J ; •

PAGE

Lobopbora viretata 29

Lycaena aegon, 208 ; alcon, 39 ; ther-

samon 257

Lj'cia birtaria Ill

Lj-mantria dispar 209

Macaria notata 29

Mechanitis polymnia 40

Melana,rgia larissa 257

Melitaea athalia, 83 ; aiiriuia, 37 ;

didyma, pboebe, trivia 257

Mimas tiliae, vars. 209

Morpbo adonis, eugenia 40

Neuria saponariaa 29

Noctua glareosa, neglecta 30

Nola albidalis 31

Nonagria sparganii 31

Notodonta ziczac 37

Numeria pulveraria 29

Opbiusa stolida 31

Orgyia vetusta 38

Omeodes bexadactyla, bnebneri 108

Pancalia leuwenhoekella 160

Papiliocenea,demoleus, 141; machaon,

256 ; mackinnoni, 136 ; phaon,

philenor, 236 ; podalirius, 256 ;

protodamas 236

Paramesia plantaginis, vars Ill

Pararge aegeria, var. egerides, 182 ;

megaera, var. mediolugens 37

Pamassius apollo, var. pnmilus 37

Pericallia syringaria 29

Peronea mixtana 34

Pbigaiia pilosaria (pedaria) 34, 70

Phoxopteryx unguicana 34

Phragmatobia fuHginosa, var 38

Pieris brassicae, 19, 256 ; manni, 70 ;

napi, rapae, 256 ; var. nov-

angliae 142

Platypteryx hamula 29

Plebeius aegon, var. masseyi 37

Plusia festucae, 30 ; moneta, 33, 34 ;

ni 31

Polia flavocinota 29

Polygonia c-album 257

Polyommatus argiolus, argus, as-

trarche, 258 ; cyllarus, 258 ;

dolus, vars., 70 ; icarus, telicanus, 258

PAGE

Pontia ehlorodice, 111 ; daplidice ... 256

Precis octavia 40

Pseudotei'pna cytisaria 208

Pyrameis atalanta, 209 ; cardui « 257

Rumicia phlaeas 34, 258

Salebria semirubella (carnella), var.

sanguinella 37

Sarrothripus reveyana (undulana),

vars 36

Saturnia pavonia, var 38

Satyms aegeria, 208 ; briseis, var.

fergana, 37 ; megaera, 257 ;

prieuri 37

Scardia boleti Ill

Sciaphila sinuana 34

Scodiona belgiaria, melanic 38

Sesia culicif ormis 34

Sparganothis pilleriana 15

Sphinx Gonvolvtdi, lignstri 34, 82

Spilosoma menthastri, var. walkeri ... 236

Spilothyrus alceae, altheae 258

Sterrha sacraria 31

Stigmonota regiana 34

Stilbia anomala 80

Taeniocampa gracilis, miniosa, 28 ;

munda 235

Tarucus mediterraneae, 163 ; theo-

phrastus 164

Tephrosia bistortata 141

Teracolus evanthe 38

Thais hypermnestra 256

Thecla acaciae, rubi 257

I'hyatira batis 30

Tortrix proniibana, 38 ; xylosteana,

16; viridana 15, 34

Vanessa antiopa, 34 ; io, polychloros,

257; urticae 255

Xy lomiges conspicillar is 141

Zygaena rhadamanthus Ill

XV

NEUROPTERA and TRICHOPTERA.

PAGE

Aeschna cyanea, 163 ; mixta 150

Anax parthenope 150, 196

Anormogomphus kiritshenkoi 149

Brachythemis fuscopalliata, 144, 192 ;

leucosticta 193

Calopteryx virgo 208

Chrysopa dorsalis, 18, 69; tenella ... 35

Coniopteryx aleurodiformis 35

Cordulegaster animlatus 208

Crocothemis erythraea, 184, 196 ; re-
ticulata, 185 ; servilia, 184 ;

soror 185

Diplacodes lefebvrei 189, 196

Halter pallida 36

Hemianax ephippiger 150

Ischnurabukharensis,148; evans,il46, 196

Lertha barbara 36

Lindenia tetraphylla 149

Nemoptera bipeimis, coa, sinuana ... 26
Orthetrum caerulescens, 208 ; sabina,
183, 196 ; taeniolatum, 184 ;

trinacria 183, 196

Phryganea obsoleta 69

Selysiothemis nigra 144, 194

Sympetrum decoloratum, 190 ; fons-

colombii, 150, 192 ; striolatum . . . 192

Sympycna paedisca-annulata 145

Trithemis annulata, 145, 194 ; festiva, 194

ORTHOPTERA.

Blatta orientalis 39

Deinacrida megacephala 108, 232

Ectobia panzeri 208

Mecostethus grossus 209

Nemobius sylvestris 208

Platycleis brachyptera 208

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD OR NOTICED IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

SPECIES. PAGE

Bryocharis (Megacronns) analisP«f//i'.,

var. mt'i'daria G;y/L." reinstated... 32
Cetonia aurata L., var. nigra Gaut .... 201

Epuraea distinota Grimm 128

Leptura rubra L., reinstated 174

DIPTERA.

Gnoplioniyia tripudians Bergij* 17G

Leptosyna sctipennis F. W. Edicards

(sp.n.) 104

HEMIPTEEA.

SPECIES. PAGE

Aphis tripolii Laingi 273

Lasiacantha capiicina Germ 203

Macropsis decoratus J. Edwards

(sp.n.) 55

„ poiDiili J. 2?riH-a?-ds(sp.n.). 56

HYMENOPTEEA,

Allantua perkinsi Morice (sp. n.) 65

Lygaeonematus wesmaeli Ti^ch b 204

LEPIDOPTERA.

Cosymbia (Ephyra) pendularia CI., ab.

orbiculoides (ab. n.) Woodforde... 103

i

LIST OF NEW GR0UI»8, GENERA, SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUMi^.

COLEOPTERA.

TRIBE.

PAGE

Angianides Sharp 151

GENEKA AND WUBGENEBA.

Angianus S/iarp 152

Hylastinoides Spessivtsev[= ALNt-

PHAGUS Sioaine, 279) 249. 271)

OnC'OGENYS Chainpion{n.n. for Onco-

phorus Eppelsheim) 154

Oncosalpingus -BJair 122

Platylissodema ,, 117

Plattsalpingus „ 118

Trichosphaeriestes Mat,' 121

species.

Angianus pratti Sharp, New Guinea .

152

Astenus hindostanus Cameron, Ceylon

227

„ taprobanus „

„

227

Bruchus? caeruleus Champion, India .

244

maculipyg-a „

„

245

Chloronhorus strobilicola Champwn,

India 219,

223

Cnopus pinicola Champion,

India . . .

244

Conosoma montanum Cafhe ran, Ceylon

285

Dianous aeratus Cham,pion

India . . .

53

,, aziireus „

,,

97

caeruleonotatus Champion,

India.

45

cameroiii Champio

7, India , , .

50

cribrarius „

„ ...

98

.. cyanogaster

47

,, distigma

49

„ iuaequalis „

„

45

,, lobigerus ,,

„

48

,, luteoguttatus ..

„

98

„ minor „

„

53

„ pilosus „

China

54

„ punctiventris ,,

India

48

radiatua

51

„ scabricoliis

46

„ subvorticosus .,

,,

52

Dianous tortuosus Champion, India ... 52
Eccoptogaster jaeobsoni Spessivtsev,

Siberia 246
,, semenovi Spessivtsev,

Sibena 247
EpimetopUfi asperatus Champion,

India 237
Hydnobin.« contractus Cham/pion,

India 240

Hylesinus eos Spessivtsev, Siberia ... 248

Lissodema andrewesi Blair, /jid-ia ... 117

,, ceylonicum „ Ceylon... 115

,, dentigerum „ Java ... 116

,, lewisi „ Ceylon... 116

Medon basalis Caweroji, ,, ... 253

,, (Charichirus) ceyl onions

Gam.erQn, Ceylon 22S
,, championi Cameron, „ 251
Myc rtophagus bifasciatus Champion,

India 242
MyelopkiluH inliie.v8pessii-rsei\ Siberia 250
Neobisnius rxApennis Camer(yn,Ceylon 252
Notosalpingus parvulus Blair,

W. Australia 121
Oncosalpingus podagricus Blair, Chile 123
Oxytelus (Anotylus) distincticollis

Cameron, Ceylon 226
,, „ inonoccros-

Gameron, Ceylon 226

Philonthus pubipenuis „ ,, 253

,, tripiinctatus ,, „ 253

„ versicolor ,, ,, 254

Planeustomus bengalensis Cha.mpion,

Indie 155
„ longiceps Champion,

India 154
,, subcarinatus Cham-

pion, India 156
Platjdispodcma bryanti Blair, Borneo 118
Platysalijingus approsimatus, Blair,

Gilolo 120
b

PlatysalpingTis longirostris, Blair,

Nen- Guinea 119

Rhyncogoiius bryani Pei-kins, Laysan 4

Scirtes bifidus Champion, Rhodesia... 130

„ dollmanni ,, ,, ... 131

„ microcaroides CharrvpioH,

Rhodesia 131
,, iiatovensis Champion, Fiji ... 27
,, nea,Yei Champion, E. Africa... 132
., quadripustulatus Champion,

Rhodesia 130
„ rhodesiae Champion, Rhodesia 132

„ veitchi ,,

Fiji....

.. 27

Spercheus belli ,,

India .

. 239

„ binodulus „

. 239

„ gibbus „

»

.. 238

Stagetus denticornis „

„

. 242

Teredolaemus major ,,

,,

.. 241

Thymalus indicus „

„

.. 241

Trichosphaeriestes fryi, Blair, Brazil 122
Trogophloeus (Thinodromus) le\visi

Cameron, Ceylon 224
,, nitidipennis Cameron

Ceylon 225
„ (Boopinus) peregrinus

Cameron, Ceylon 225
Xylecbinus bergeri SiJessivtsev, Siberia 249
Xylophilus biilbifer Champion, India 243

HEMIPTERA.

SPECIES.

PAGE

Antornnaj zonsda, Green, Ceylon 175

Aphis tripolii Laing, Britain 273

Macropsis decoratus J. Edwards,

Britain 55

,, populi, J. Edtvards, „ 56

HYMENOPTERA.

GENERA.

Sekes Waterston 275

SPECIES.

Allantus perkinsi Morice, Britain and,

France 65
Seres armipes Waterston, Gold. Coast. 276

LEPIDOPTERA.

aberration.
Cosymbia (Ephyra) pendvdaria CI.,
ab. orbiculoides Woodforde,

Britain 103

DIPTERA.

species.
Leptosyna setipemiis F. W. Edwards,

Britain 104

ODONATA.

Ischnui-a evansi Morton,

Mesopotamia 146

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I. — Pteronus pini and P. sertifer (see pp. 58-62).

„ II. — Egg-covering of Ptei'onus jnni (see pp. 58-62).

„ III. — „ „ Pteronus sertifer, Cladius viminalis and Ptero-

nidea salicis (see pp. 58-62).

„ IV.— Portrait of the late Mr. F. DuCane Godnaan, D.C.L., F.R.S.

(see pp. 89-91).

,, v.— Habitat oi Selysiothemis nigra (see pp. 194-196).

„ VI — XI. — Tarucus mediterraneae B.-Baker (see pp. 163-173).

., XII. — (Not issued.)

,, XIU. — Larva, etc., of Chlorophorus strohilicola (see pp. 219-224).

„ XIV. — Cone of Pinus longifulia attacked by Chlorophorus strobilicola

(see pp. 219-224).

„ XV, XVI.— New Bark-beetles from Vladivostok (see pp. 24G-251, 279).

E II R A T A

I'iige IS, line lo from bottom, />;»• " qnick " read '•'quick."

„ llo „ 24 „ top,/yr" Alt." rcrto! " Alkuind."

,. 134, lines 6, 9, JO, 11 from bottom, /or '■•favircntris'' read •\-flavicornis!

,, l-3o, line 3 fioui lop, for '■'JlaviiK'ntris " read '-/Idvicorni.t."

,. 14;] ,, ■'> ., bottom. f/wVife " IJ.X."

„ 17!* ,, 18 „ U'l), for '• bif/i(ffri/n'<^' rec(fl '' f/'fffcdus."

„ 200 ,, 7 ,, \Q\i. for ^'' Pomjiiliu!^" read " Pompilns.'^

„ 242 ,,14 ,, bottoii,,/>r " ugnla te" /vw/ '*■ ang-ulate.'

The Annual Subscription for 1919 is 9/-.

[_See p. 2 of Wrapper.

Third Series No. 49.] jA^urMn' loio. rPnw.K n
[Jfo. bo6.]

THE

m

I

^ [ OT'O

8

LY

E-DITED BT

G, C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, E.E.S. G. T. POKKITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LV.

tTHIBr> SEKIES-VOL. V.]

"J'engage done tons a oviter dans leurs ecrits boute pevsonnalit^
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THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

VOLUME LV.

[THIRD SERIES, VOL, V.]

NOTES ON VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHALCHAS Blanch.

(COLEOPTERA.)

BY G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S.

Tlie following notes have been made during a recent examination
of the British Museum material of this remarkable South American
genus of Malacodermata, about 100 examples in all. Eleven species
belonging to it were enumerated by Fairmaire in his second monograph
(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1849, pp. 1-22, pi. 7), and the males of eight of
them extremely well figured, one other having been described by
Erichson at about the same period. Since that time three species only
seem to have been added — C. sallei and ahnormis Fairm. (1878), and
C. fairmairei Bourg. (1900). The extraordinary sexual characters
were given at length by Fairmaire {I. c), but in the same author's
subse(juent paper (1878) the S and $ of C. sallei Avere wrongly
identified, and the same remark applies to Erichson's description of
C. turgidus. The species not represented in the Museum are C. sexpla-
giatiis ( 5 only known), Colombia, turgidus, Zuruma River, Guiana,
and fairmairei, Orinoco, The only recorded observation as to their
life-history is a statement by Salle that one of the species has been
found on potato-plants in Venezuela, Blanchard (1845) used the
generic name Chalchas (^Calchas being probably intended), Fairmaii'e
and later writers emending it to Chalcasl

C. cyaneus Fairm. — Six males and four females, one of the former
having the elytra obscure nigro-violaceous. — Colombia or Venezuela.

C. liaeatocollis Fairm. — Three males and four females, varying
in the development of the small black spots on the disc of the elytra.

B

[January,

The male has a feeble lateral carina, as in the same sex in C. lateralis.
One specimen only bears a locality label, Colombia.

C. lateralis Fairm. — Two males and one female from Colombia, and
one female labelled " Peru " {^ex coll. Fry), this latter locality requiring
confirmation. They agree in colour with Fairmaire's c? figure, except
that the elytra have one or two oblique, more or less distinct, testaceous
patches near the apex.

C. traheatus Fairm. — Two males and six females, the former agreeing
with Fairmaire's 6 figure, one of the latter having the common black
post-median fascia of the elytra reduced to one or two small spots on
each wing-case (var. hijmnctatus. Pic, L'Echange, 1903, p. 108. —
Colombia and Venezuela.

C. hremei Fainn. — Five males and six females, including two pairs
separately pinned. The elytral markings are very variable in both
sexes, one 5 having the testaceous patches reduced to a long lateral
stripe and a small subapieal spot (as in the insect named by Pic
C.fumatus, var. htteonotatns). The males have the prothorax and base
of the elytra thickly nigro-pilose, a character distinguishing C. hremei
from the same sex of C. liumeralis, sallei, and fiimatus. — Colombia and
Venezuela (Merida and Caracas).

C. unicolor Fairm. — One female from Colombia, acquired in 1846.
The male is figured in Lacordaire's "Atlas" (pi. 45, fig. 5).

C. liumeralis Fairm. — Four males and six females, the females
varying slightly in the development of the dark markings. The broad
dense tuft of long erect black hairs on the swollen portion of the disc of
the elytra before the middle is a remarkable $ character in this species
and in C. sallei. — Venezuela.

C. sallei Fairm. — Six females from Venezuela must belong to this
species, as they have the elytra more constricted behind the middle than
in C. htimeralis, and are also differently coloured — nigro-cyaneous or
black, with three large patches on the disc (the post-basal one trans-
verse, the submedian transverse or subquadrate, and the subapieal
rounded), and a lateral stripe, testaceous. A series of eleven males from
the same country almost certainly belong here : seven of them have the
elytra maculate, much as in typical C. hremei, J (from which they
differ in having the elytra smoother and less metallic, and glabrous at
the base, and the prothorax more sparsely pilose) ; the other examples,
with the dark markings parti}' or almost entirel}' obsolete (except at the
base), are scarcely separable from the same sex of C. htimeralis and

1919.] 3

C.fumatus. A pair of C. sallei as here identified was presented to the
Museum in 1897. The types were also from Venezuela.

G. fumatus Fairm. — Three males and three somewhat abraded
females, all from Venezuela. A very close ally of C. humeralis, the $ ,
according to Fairmaire, wanting the large tuft of long black hairs on
the elytra, and the S having the sutui-e moi"e strongly gibbous at the
middle. The $ 5 before me have the elytra cyaneous, with a common,
broad, post-scutellar patch, a lateral stripe, and one or two subapical
spots (connected along the suture with the scutellar patch in one
example), testaceous. Two varieties of C. fumatus, from Colombia,
have been named by Pic luteonotatus and wheeleri (L'Echange, 1913,
p. 108), both apparently from $ $ , though wheeleri is said to be cT .
The types, <S $ , were found by Salle on potato plants at Merida,
Venezuela. Fairmaire suggests that these insects may be attached to
wild SolanacejB.

C. ohesus Fairm. — Seven males and nine females, showing no varia-
tion, the (S liaving remarkably inflated opaque elj^tra. — Venezuela.

G. lugubris Fairm. — One male and three females, the latter having
the elytra more dilated at the apex than stated in the description of that
sex. — Colombia and Venezuela.

G. abnormis Fairm. {correptus Champ.). — The S of this species
was described by Fairmaire (Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1878, p. 268), the $ by
Pic (L'Echange, 1913, p. 109), and both sexes by myself in a recently
published paper on Asfulus *, under which the insect was placed with
some doubt, the c? having the elytra very little wider than the $ . The
elongate and narrow J tegmen, as stated in the description of A. cor-
reptus (No. 28), is different from that of all the numerous species of
Astylus enmnerated in the above-mentioned paper, and, in fact, is ver}^
like the con-esponding organ of G. sallei, in which it is dilated at the
tip, and closely ciliate at the sides before the apex. In addition to the
abraded pair recorded by myself, the Museum possesses another pair from
Venezuela {ex coll. Fry) in much better condition, with the luteous
pubescence of the upper surface intact, and the intermixed long, erect,
darker bail's standing out very prominently on the prothorax and
elytral humeri.

Ilorsell.

December 18tli, 1918.

» Ann. & Mag. Nat. Ui=t. (9) ii, \>p. 337-^67 (Oct. 1018).

b2

J. [January,

A NEW SPECIES OP OTIOEEHYNCHINE BEETLE OF THE
GENUS BHYNCOGONUS Sharp FROM LAYSAN ISLAND.

BT E. C. L. PERKIXS, M.A., D.Sc, P.Z.S.

Though widely spread hi the islands of the Pacific Ocean the species
of this genus, so far as our present information goes, are most numerously
represented in the Hawaiian group. The insect here described was cap-
tured some years ago by Mr. A. Bryan on Laysan Island, where he was
chiefly engaged in a study of the Avifauna. Laysan is very distant
from the main islands of the group, but its land fauna is essentially
Hawaiian.

Ehyncogonus hrymii, sp. n.

Piceo-niger, tibiis tarsorumque unguiculis magis rufescentibus, setis
squamosis pallide flavescentibus vsstitus. Oculi prominentes, fortiter con-
vexi. Caput punctato-strigosum, rostro antice impresso. Antenuarum
al-ticuhis secundus et tertius subaeqviilongi. Pronotum densissime, nee pro-
funde, rugoso-punctatum, linea brevi mediana laevi, setis squaiuifurmibus
appressis (latera versus densioribus) aliisque gracilioribus vestitum. Scutelli
vestitu deiitiissimo, punctum pallidum conspicuum formante. Elytra seriatim,
baud profunde, punctata, setis appressis squamiformibus, aliisque gracilibus
(brevibus tamen) et suberectis, plus minus lineatim dispositis, vestita, iuter-
stitiis tribus utrinque subcarinatim elevatis, pseudepipleuria fere aequaliter
(baud maculatim) vestitis. Abdominis segmenta ba&alia distincte largeque
punctata, punctis magnis, segmenta duo parva intermedia puncturatione
obscura sculpta. Long. $ rostro incluso fere 9 mm.

I have seen only a single female of this species and had hoped to
include with it one or two others from the main islands, but in the case
of the latter, owing to the variability of many of the described forms,
the material was too small for any decision as to their specific value.
The Laysan insect appears to me more distinct than are most of the
Hawaiian representatives one from another. In the characters of
the head and antennae it most resembles the littoral B. vestitus Sh. or
B. extraneus Perk., which is attached to low plants of the open country.
In form and in the sculpture of the pronotum B. hryani more nearly
approaches some of the species found in mountain forests. The three
carinae of the elytra, at least towards the base, are very conspicuous in
lateral aspect, the outer one forming the division between the pseudepi-
pleura and the rest of the dorsal surface.

The type, I believe, belongs to the Bishop Museum in Honolulu,
and will be returned to that institution.

Paignton.

Decembe)- 1918.

1919.] 5

CATAGRAMMA PITHEAS AND CATAGRAMMA CYCLOPS
DISTINCT SPECIES.

BY W. J. KATE, F.E.S.

For a long time it has been uncertain whether C. Cyclops might not
be an aberration or race of C. pitheas. So far as is known, it has only
been taken a short distance up the Tapajos River, one of the larger
ti'ibutaries of the Amazon, at a place called Itaituba. C. cy clops was
originally described by Staudinger from this locality, in " Iris," iv,
pp. 66-71 (1891). At first, five or six specimens were sent, then
some twenty more, all of which were captured by D. 0. Michael at this
same place. Although the obvious difference on the underside, by the
complete absence of the upper eye-spot, gives the insect a distinct
appearance, it has been felt by many that eyclops might only be an
aberration of the widely spread and somewhat variable pitheas. A dis-
section of the genitalia of two eyclops and two pitheas makes it quite
clear that these two are distinct species. The harpe of both is of the
same shape, but inside the harpe there is a curious small organ, which is

C. CYCLOPS _^-

C.PITHEAS

adze-shaped at its exti'emity in eyclops and sickle-shaped in pitheas
A reference to the two figures will show the difference at once.

Staudinger very carefully diagnosed eyclops and detected all the
salient differences which are there. It usually has a blue gloss in
the 6 and always has a '• somewhat more curved, rather narrower and
somewhat shorter" following discal band "only running to the first
median vein." He further says that amongst all the pitheas he finds
only one from Venezuela with a band almost as short and narrow as in
Cyclops. In eyclops on the underside the black inner basal stripe is
narrow and less evenly curved. The ground-colour is tawny yellow and
the upper eye-spot as found in pitheas is totally absent. In all the
eyclops sent Staudinger says none showed " the least trace of the second
eye " and " not one in hundreds of pitheas shows a tendency for the eye
to disappear."

6

[January,

Godman and Salvin, in the " Biologia Central!- Americana," quote
the Lower Amazon as a locality for C. pitheas, so it is possible both
species might occur in the same district, but this wants confirmation.

C pitheas breaks up geographically into three fairly distinct

races : —

Catagramma pitheas centralis — Costa Rica to Panama.

Catayramma p)itheas Columbiana — Colombia.

Catagrainma pitheas pitheas — Venezuela, ? Peru.

G. Cyclops is known from only one localit}^ : —

Cataijramma cyclops — Lower Amazon, Tapajos, Itaituba.

The material for these notes was all found in the Hill Museum,

Witley.

Surbiton.

December 1918.

EGG-LAYING OF EMPHYTUS SEROTINUS.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.l)., F.K.S.

It i^ common knowledge that this species lays its eggs in the late
autumn, that it hibernates as an egg which hatches in the spring.
I have been unable to find any record of this that goes much beyond the
bare statement I have made, and no actual details.

As this is a very unusual habit amongst sawflies, I thought I should
like to know something more about it. My observations leave much to
be desired, but they enabled me to form some idea of this portion of the
life-history of the insect.

Last spring I collected some of the larvae, tvhich duly Avent down
into the sand I provided them with. Whether this did not suit them or
whether my care of them during the summer was defective, a very con-
siderable proportion of them perished. Looked at in September, I found
there were some of them still larvae ; they were in cavities in the sand,
without any sort of cocoon. Flies, however, emerged in October, and
some were placed with oak twigs in a glass jar, others were sleeved on
growing oak. The flies included several males, but 1 could not ascertain
Avhether pairing Avas necessary before eggs could be laid. The sleeved
insects, Avith whom no male Avas included, laid no eggs. The flies in the
jar laid twenty or thirty eggs ; these were laid on tAvigs of the year,
those of the previous year Avere not touched, nor were those of the year
that were less than 25 mm. in diameter.

1919.]

The largest number of eggs apparently laid at one time was eleven ;
these ai"e laid in a series on one side of the twig, beginning close to the
end and extending downwards for about 27"0 mm. The twig is about
100 mm, long and 3 mm. wide at the base and 2'5 mm. at the thinnest
j)ortion. The position of each egg is marked by a rounded and almost
circular elevation of the surface of the bark, actually from l'8-2"0 mm.
across and 2'0-2'3 mm. in the line of the twig ; each is made separately,
and may touch its next neighbour or be separated by an interval of as
much as 0"8 mm. The incision of entry is quite visible as a darker line

Rough diagrams to show disposition of egg, enlarged about 6 times.

A. Portion of twig with two eggs.

B. An egg in position with film of bark raised.

C. Longitudinal section through egg,

D. Transverse section through egg,

1. Mark of incision. 2. Film of surface-bark (dead ?), 3. Film of surface-bark over
egg raised. 4. Layer of green living bark. 5. Egg. 6. Adventitious gi-owth
surrounding egg-

down one side, and appears to have the margins slightly separated ; it is
J.-0 mm. long, varying very little. One would expect the wound to
remain a little open, since the presence of the egg raises the bark so that
it cannot easily close up, and the bark is no longer actively alive and
capable of healing over, in the way that usually occurs when a sawfly
lays in growing leaves and stems, sometimes quite oblitei-ating the line
of entry. There appears, however, to be some consolidated exudation in
the wound, closing it up, derived no doubt from the deeper, more living,
tissues in which the egg is placed.

The incision of entry is sometimes on one side, sometimes on the
other of the egg-pocket, as one looks at them with the twig held upright.

g [January,

ProhaWy the fly makes the pocket to the rii^ht or the left as she sits at
work, but it is possible that she always works to one side, but sometimes
with head towards the base, at others to the end of the twig.

The surface of the twig looks slatj^ grey, but on examining a pocket
containing an egii; is seen to consist of a very thin, delicate, superficial
bark of a brownish colour, no doubt dead bark-tissue, and beneath this
a bright green, no doubt living layer ; the brown overlying the green
produces the slaty tint. The egg-pocket is between these two layers,
immediately on the green layer and beneath the brown one. When
exposed by removing the delicate bark the egg is seen to be nearly
1 mm. long and about half a millimetre across, apparently nearly
circular in transverse section, the long axis parallel with that of the
twig, pale greenish in colour. It is supported and surrounded by a
green mass of adventitious tissue, either consolidated exudation or tissue
of the same nature as that of the galls, to the formation of which we
know the oak so freely lends itself. It would be interesting to know
whether this gall-like material forms the first meal of the larva, but my
cut twigs will probably not live long enough for me to ascertain this.
At first view this seems an unusual and, to me, quite a new feature
in the egg-laying of a sawfly, but it is obvious that it is parallel to, if
not absolutely identical with, the fluid exudation that occurs with the
eggs of sawflies laid in growing leaves and other tissues, that is at once
absorbed by the egg, which grows in some cases, before the embryo
matures, to a good many times its origuial bulk.

Betiila, Reipate.

November, 1918.

ADDITIONS TO E. SAUNDERS'S CATALOGUE OF BRITISH
HYMENOPTERA (ACULEATA), 1902, AND CHANGES IN NOMENCLATURE.

BY K. C. L. PEEKIJCS, M.A., D.SC, F.Z.S.

Since the publication of the " Catalogue of British Hymenoptera
(Aculeata)" by Edward Saunders in 1902, a considerable number of
changes in nomenclature and some additional species have been brought
forward by various writers. From time to time I have noted these
down and they are here collected together. I have not in all cases been
able to verify the suggested changes myself, but have accepted the
opinions of others, who have greater facilities and probably greater
enthusiasm for making these investigations.

1919.]

9

According to iny own views Saunders's Catalogue needs also con-
siderable and important changes in points of classification, but these are
not dealt with here.

In the following list the synonyms, when given in brackets and
without an author s name, indicate the specific or generic name adopted
by Saunders in his Catalogue. Where a specific name is preceded by a
lettered number it indicates an additional species to be placed after the
species indicated by the same number in the Catalogue. A few questions
I have left unconsidered, e.g. that of Ceratophoriis morio, because such
imperfect evidence as I have been able to obtain inclines me to the
belief that Thomson's two sj^ecies are not distinct — at least in so far as
the supposed British exponents that I have seen. Again, in the case of
the brown bumble-bees, are we to take Smith's evidence that the Linnean
type of muscorum was that called agrorum in the Catalogue, when he
examined it some three-quarters of a century ago, and that this fixes the
name, or shall we consider that the inadequate description of Linnaeus
applies better to the pale-haired form of smithlanus and disregard the
typical specimen ?

PSAMMOCHARIDAE.
(POMPILIDAE.)

PsAMMOCHARES Latr.

{POjIPILVS.)

9 a, cardui Perkins.

Hypsiceraeus Mor. & Durr.
{Ceuopales.)

Sphex Linn.
{Ammophila.)

Psen.

(MiMESA.)

Psenulus Kohl.

{P.'SEX.)
DiODONTUS.

1 fi friesei Kohl,

Arpactus.*
{Haiwactis.)

Oxtbelus.
sericatus Gerst.

(inandihidaris.)
sp. ?

{ibigripes.)

argentatus Curt.
{mucronatns.)

Crabeo.
1 a. kiesenwetteri Mor.

nigritus Lep.
{•puhesrens.)

var. inermis Th.
7 a. styrius Kohl,
ovalis Lep.
{anxius.)
21 a. planifrons Th.

chrysostomus Lep.
xylurgus Sh,
interstinctus Sm.

Odynerus.
Subg. 1. Oplomerus.
(HopLOPrs.)
4 a. simillimus Mor.

Subg. 2 LEIONOTUS.f

herrichii Sauss.
(basalts.)

* The genera Arpactus, Gorytes, and Hoplisvs are distinct and should have been maintained by
Saunders. In his "Synopsis" he expresses a strong opinion as to their validity. Apparently
Hoplisus will be called Ckropales !

t This name is, I believe, preoccupied, and it was suggested by Saussure that it should be called
Odynerus propria dictus. But that name must be applied to the Symmorphus section.

10

[January,

COLLETES.*

glutinans Cuv.
(succincta.)

Htlaeus F.

(PjiOSOPTS )

spilota Forst.

{inasoni.)
minuta Fabr.

(brevicornis.)

Sphecodes.
gibbus L,

dele monilieoriiis K.
monilicomis K.

(subq^iadratus.)
3 a. scabricollis Wesm.
pellucidus Sm.

(pilifrons.)
divisus K.

(similis.)
geoffrella K.

(variegatus.)

Halictus.
tetrazonius Kl.
(i-ciiictus.)
7 a. decipiens Perk,
nitidus Panz.
{6-notatus.)
calceatuB Scop.
(cylindricus.)
14 a. semipunctulatus Sch.
fulvicornis K.
(subfasciatus.)
16 a. freygessneri Alfk.

subfasciatus Nyl.
17rt. brevicornis Sch.
rufitarsis Zett.
(atricornis.)
minutissimua K.

var. arnokii E. S.
siibauratus Kossi
{(jraminexis.)

d.

Andrena.
carbonaria L.
(pilipes.)

var. praetexta Sm,
rosae Panz. 2nd brood,
eximia Sm. 1st brood.
5 ft. trimmerana K. 2nd brood.
anglica Alfk.
rosae E. Saund. partim,
spinigera K. 1st brood.
5 b. sp.

trimmerana Auct. neo K.
var. scotica Perk,
gwynana K.f
varians Rossi.

var. mixta Sch.
synadelpha Perk.

{am,bigua praeocc.)
flavipes Panz.
ifulvicrus.)
gravida Imh.
(fasciata.)
marginata F.

(cetii.)
tarsata Nyl.

(analis.)
nitidiuscTiIa Sch.

(hicens.)
sericea Chr.J
(bai-bilabris.)
(albicrus.)
45 a. subopaca Nyl.
45 6. minutuloides Perk.

45 c. parvuloides Perk.

P 1st brood of 45 b.
spreta Perez.
(? niveata Ft.)

46 a. alfkenella Perk.
46 b. moricella Perk.

? 1st brood of 46 a.
46 c. sanndersella Perk.

nana Saund. nee K.

Fabr. i^ th1s'';ed::t:;ts"o " the" ^f.thoX of Vvl^^d ^^''T'^"^' '' ^^^ ^^ ,.ynana. That Ucolor
Fabrician typt 8 tL descriotion a(TZnjf ^^^^^^^^J- '"''W' according to F. Smith, examined the
is correct th^e spectes .houlTbe "a^^lVd 6^^^^^^^^^ "P^'^'^" '° "^"^ ^'^"^^ "'^^ '*<"-«"'^" ^- " ^^l^^^er
idenlicaf ^tht*;;t,^- " ^"'"'' '° °"'""* ^- ""^"^ ^^^^^^^ ^'^ "-d, if the specieB is not considered

1919.]

11

4Gd. falsifica Perk.
46 e. nanu]a Nyl,
ovatula K,

(afzeliella.)
wilkella E.

var. convexiuscula K.

CiLISSA.

tricincta K.
(melanura.)

Dastpoda.*

dufourea.
1 a. halictula Nyl.

NOMADA.

rufipes Fabr.

(solidagiiiis.)
goodeniana K.

(succiyicta.)

var. alternata K.
marshamella K.

(alternata.)
flavopicta K.

(jacobaeae.)
13 a. fiava Panz.f
13 b. signata Jur.f
13 c. bucephalae Perk.

lateralis Sm.
leucophthalma K.f

(bo7-ealis,)
xanthosticta K.

(lateralis.)
hillana.

(ochrostoma.)
germanica Panz.t

(ferrugiriata.)

22 a. conjungens H. S.
flavogTittata K.
rufocincta K.f

Epeolus.
notatus Chr.

{'productus.)
cruciger Panz.

(riifipes.)

COELIOXTS.

trigonus Schr.
(conoidea.)

Pinermis K.§
{acuminata.)
sponsa Smith.
6 a. afra Lep.

OSMIA.

ventralis Panz.
(leaiana.)

Stelis.
ornatula Kl.

{8-maculata.)

PSITHYRUS.

dis<inctu8 Perez. f

BOMBUS.

subterraneus L.
(latreillellus.)
hortorum L.

var. ruderatus F.
(subterraneus.)
ruderarius Miill.
(derhamellus.)
jonellus K.

var. nivalis Sm.
donovanella K.
(cullumanus.)

In addition to these changes, which are sufficient!}^ deplorable, others
even more so will have to be made by those who admit the validity of
the Erlangen list of Jurine's genera. As I believe that, sooner or later,
the defining of a genus by the mere citation of a species, often itself

* Accidentally omitted in the Catalogue.

t Delete as synonyms in Catalogue.

I The insect described by Linnaeus had yellow tubercles and there was no type in his collection
(vide Kirby's " Monographia," under Apis ferruginata). Panzer's name, yertmcnica, is therefore
safer.

§ Kirby's type should be examined.

1 o [January,

imperfectly or superficially described, since such a rule is subject to the
greatest abuse, will be disallowed, I have left these genera alone.

The notice of Jurine's work, written presumably by Panzer, but
published anonymously, appears to me to be hardly more than an adver-
tisement of a forthcoming book, which, as a matter of fact, was not
published till a number of years later. Morice and Durrant tell us —
the words in inverted commas are theirs, not Panzer's — that in 1799
Panzer wrote "that one Mr. Jurine of Bern was a very acute ento-
mologist, who had got some * method ' of his own for determining
insects by their wings, who had sent him (Panzer) such and such
insects, giving him particulars of * habitats ' and was kindly going to
give him more in future." Also that (in 1801) Panzer '* will give it "
(^■. e. the New Method) " a start, but in a quiet way, taking no respon-
sibility for anything. So he gives it a favourable notice, not at
Nuremberg (where his authorship would be recognized at once), but
at Erlangen, where a new Zeitung in which he had some sort of interest
was being started. The thing would make good copy for an editorial
and he could do his friend a good turn without bringing in his own
name at all."

There is also another objection to the Erlangen list, as it appears to
me, in that, though the list of genera was extracted from Jurine's proofs,
the species which are supposed to confirm these genera were added pro-
bably by the anonymous author, who presumably was Panzer. As this
author says : '* To make lovers of these insects acquainted in advance
with the genera established by this Method, the latter shall not only be
communicated, but also placed over against the Fabrician genera pub-
lished already, so that it will then be easy to compare these genera of
Hr. Prof. Jurine with those of Hr. Prof. Fabricius." He also remarks
that with the plates one can easily ascribe the genus even to " unpub-
lished insects," that it is " almost impossible to go wrong," and I
believe that the list of Fabrician names was compiled by the author of
the Erlangen article and not by Jurine, So far as I have looked into
the matter the internal evidence seems to support this.

Paignton.

Oct. Z\st, 1918.

1919.1 13

SWAEMING OF THE CHALCIDID PTER0MALU8 DEPLANATUS Nees

IN BUILDINGS.

BT HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

''^ A paragraph on the swarming in rooms of myriads of Pferomalus
(leplanafiis Nees { = domesticus Walker), appeared in " Natui-e,"
Sept. 19th, 1918 (vol. cii, p. 50). This note was based on informa-
tion supplied bv Mr. K. Gr. Blair, to whom had been submitted samples
and i^artieulars of swarms in various places.

The main purpose of the present article is to give details of a vast
swarm of this species which has occurred for three years in succession
(1916-18) at Hascombe, near Godalming, Surrey. Specimens sent to
me late in 1917 were determined by Mr. Waterston, and recently the
rector of Hascombe, the Rev. C. Sadler, has kindly sent me a much
larger sample, taken from the 1918 swarm, with full information.

The buildings affected include all parts of Hascombe Church,
especially the vestry, also the rectory and at least two other houses, one
of which is a mile or more away. The invasion is not restricted to parts
of buildings with a particular aspect, for rooms facing south, south-
east, east, and north-west are all affected. But the insects do appear
sometimes to keep to particular rooms in a house : thus, in the rectorj
they swarmed in the first year in rooms facing east, but in 1918 thej
also appeared, though in smaller numbers, in two rooms with a south
aspect ; while, on the other hand, in the house a mile away nearly every
room is invaded.

The invasion begins about the middle of July and lasts, if the
weather is seasonable, till about the end of August. This tallies with
Walker's statement, written in 1835 (Ent. Mag. ii, p. 481), that the
insect " occurs on the windows and walls of houses in infinite numbers
during July, and more sparingly during the rest of the year." Mr. Sadler
asserts definitely that, at any rate as far as his house is concerned, they
invade tlie rooms from outside, usually on hot sultry days between
about 11.30 and 4 p.m., and he has often closed the windows at such
times in an attempt to stop the incoming hordes. This is interesting
in connection with the seemingly unproved supposition that the parasites
originate in the buildings from Anobiid beetles in the woodwork: if so,
why should they enter these rooms from without ? unless, indeed, they
were bred from Anobiids in the woodwork of the church, and invaded
the house from there. My informant also noticed that although they
fly actively while outside, when inside the rooms they only crawl. Some
hundi'eds sent to me during the first week in November emerged when

14

[January,

the box was opened and crawled about rather sluggishly, or suddenly
jumped distances of about half an inch, but I saw only one fly, and that
not more than one or two feet. During the autumn and winter they
become sluggish and apparently moribund, but the starting of artificial
heat in the church caused some resumption of movement and emergence
from hiding-places. No revival in the spring has been observed at
Hascombe, however warm the weather. Walker (" Zoologist," iii, 1845,
p. 850) wrote that this Pteromalus lives throughout the year, being
torpid in cold weather, though a mild day often draws it from its retreat.
Its habit of getting into any kind of spaces, including those ahnost
airtight, has been alluded to in the note in " Natm-e," and is fully borne
out by the observations made at Hascombe, where the insects not only
crawl all over windows and walls, herd behind pictures, on curtains, in
books, inkpots, and boxes, but have found their way into a locked safe
and a secret drawer in a bureau.

Besides the Hascombe swarm, particulars of others may be sum-
marised as follows : —

Abinyer Common, Dorking. — Specimens submitted to Blair. Mr. John A.
Gibbs wrote on Aug. 24th, 1918, that the insects were then infesting a number
of houses iu the village in extraordinary numbers ; in his house they swarmed
on walls and windows, got under carpets and behind the glass of pictures ;
they were most numerous in rooms containing,quite modern furniture and with
very little woodwork, the walls and ceilings being plastered and distempered,
so it is not likely that they originated fiom Anobiid beetles in the rooms.

Craivley, Sussex — Specimens examined by Blair, Mrs. M. A. Middleton
wrote on Oct. 30th, 1918, that her house had been infested by thousands of
them for two summers, that they were still there at the time of writing,
principally in rooms facing east, that they were attracted by lamps at night,
and that on one occasion they still showed signs of life after the burning of a
sulphur candle for three hours in a sealed-up room. This lady had not to her
knowledge any woodwork infested by Anobiid beetles in the house.

Hever, Kent. — Specimens examined by Blair. Mr. E. G. B. Meade-Waldo
wrote on Sept. 14, 1918, that they swarmed in a number of cottages and
houses, and attracted evei'yone's notice. At the time of writing he thought
they were decreasing somewhat, a spell of bad weather having commenced
some time previously. He expressed the opinion that they did not originate
in the houses, but came in from out-of-doors.

Felden, Herts. — Mr. Claude Morley writes that he has seen them in
myriads in a house at Felden, but in what year is not stated.

In the Hascombe swarm and the samples sent to Blair, no other
species besides P. deplanatus was found among the specimens. In the
two following cases, particulars of which have been given me by J. C. F.
Fryer, a critical determination of the Chalcidid was not made, and the

1919.] ]5

specimens have not been kept, but it seems almost certain that the same
species is meant : —

HaywanVs Heath, Sussex. — In a letter written on Aug. let, 1918, it is
stated that they were in thousands in a house, in rooms facing north and south,
but not in those having other aspects. They get behind pictures and make
the walls look black in patches. They appear in August or the end of July,
and seem to have infested the house for several seasons in succession. The
house is on a hill-top, and surrounded by a wood of ash and oak.

£ast Grinstead, Sussex. — A record of a swarm was received on Oct. 31st,
1918.

Mr. Fryer has had other inquiries about the matter, but details have
not been recorded. With the exception of Felden, Herts, all the above
records are from Surrey, Sussex, and Kent, in which part of the country
there seems to have been a remarkable concurrence of swarms.

There is no satisfactory explanation of these swarms at present,
though the habit was known to Walker as long ago as 1835. Possibly
the insects merely enter buildings for shelter, as seems to be the case
with the immense swarms of Chloropid and other flies, about which much
has been written. If so, their appearance as early as July is noteworthy,
but would depend, presumably, on the season of emergence from their
hosts and of their egg-laying*. Keasons for doubting whether the}''
originate in the buildings where they occur, from Anobiid beetles in the
woodwork, have been mentioned. They have been observed definitely to
enter from withoiit ; moreover, would not incredible numbers of Anobiids
have to be present for such myriads of parasites to be bred from them,
even if many emerged from a single host? If Walker's other suppo-
sition — that one of their hosts is Tortrix viridana — be true, then the
extreme abundance of the parasite during the last year or two is partly
comprehensible, since T. viridana has been only too numerous, and has
had a share in the serious defoliation of our oak woods.

Clearer information is needed as to the hosts of the Pteromahis.
The older records are sometimes wanting in definite proof of the parasite
being bred from a particular host, and it is doubtful whether the deter-
minations of the species of Pteromalus are always correct. What has
been written may be briefly summarised :

Audouin (1842, Hist. Ins. nuisibles a la vigne, p. 187) includes F. depUmatus
among the enemies of the Vine Pyrale, Spart/anothis pilleriana, but apparently

* Lesne (Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1909, p. 273), under the designation " sommeil hibernal
precoce," records that as early as mid-July, 1904, numbers of a species of Vaties^a were collected in
groups in houses in a village of the High Jura; this was at an elevation of over 1100 metres, but
July and August of that year in the High Jura were very hot, and the weather almost continually
fine. He alludes also to numerous observations which have been made on the earlj' appearance of
GalerucelUi Ixdeola Midi, in human habitations, the suggested explanation in this case being that
excessive multiplication of the insect has led to exhaustion of its food-supply.

1(5 [January,

ro real proof of this relationship is piven. F. Walker (1844, Ann. Map. Nat,
Hist, xiv, p. 182) records it as bred in numbers shortly after the middle of
Junt^ from Tortrix xi/Iosteana ; in the " Zoolog'ist," (iii, 1845, pp. 850. 1142)
he writes that it also parasitises Turtrix virirhma and Anobiid beetles, but
again no actual pn^of is mentioned. Dours (1874, Cat. Hym. France, p. 103)
records it as bred by Ferris from the weevil Ceufhorrhynchus asperuhis* , and
this is copied by J. de Gaulle (4908, Cat. Hym. France, p. 101), and cited by
Elliott & Morley (1911, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 484). Dalla Torre (Cat. ITym.
V, 1898, p. 120) mentions as host only Tortrix xylosteann. Connold (1908, Brit.
Oak Galls, pp. 1.38, 151) records it from galls of the Cynipid Teras terminalis
Fabr. Further information, either on the hosts or on the habit of swarming,
has not been obtained from the literature, though all articles referred to in the
"Zoological Record," from the date of publication of Dalla Torre's Catalogue
(1898) onwards, which seemed likely to throw light on the subject, have been
con^ulted.

Neither the sample from Hascombe, nor those examined by Blair, appeared
to include any males. Walker stated that though the female may always be
found, the only males he had seen were specimens bred by him — if indeed
these were actually males of the species in question. Nees, however, appends
to his original description (Hym. Ichn. aff. Monogr. ii, 1834, p. Ill) the
remark that he had seen both males and females in early spring and autumn
on windows at Sickershausen (near Kitzingen, Bavaria), and had taken other
specimens on flowers in May and July.

University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.
December 1918.

Thnlycra sericea Sturm in Cnmberland. — This insect appears to be mainly
southern in its distribution in Britain, although Fowler mentions it as very rare
ill the Moray district of Scotland. I can find no record of its occurrence in the
north of England. It will be of interest therefore to note the capture of a
single specimen in July last by myself while sweeping long grass under trees
at Kiiigmoor near Carlisle. The specimen is much smaller and more pallid
than others I have seen. My identification has been kindly confirmed by
Mr. Newbery.— F. H. Day, Carlisle : Oct. 2'.ird, 1918.

Endomychidae in Essex. — On October 19th, 1918, while examining a puff-
ball {Lycoperdon bovista) in Hadleigh Woods, near Southend, I was pleased to
discover a single specimen of Lycoperdina bovistae F. The beetle was ex-
ceedingly sluggish in its movements. Fowler (Col. Brit. Isls. vol. iii, p. 181)
says: "very local, but generally in some numbers when found," but in this
case further search for other examples proved futile. 1 may add that not far
from this spot, my fricud Mr. E. C. Day took three specimens of Endmnychus
coccineus L. on a damp tree-stump covered with boleti. — A. F. J. Gedve,
4 Kunwell Terrace, Westcliff-on-Sea : Oct. 31si!, 1918.

* Prcamnably Ceuthorrhynchidius posthumus Germ, {—asperulus Boh.) ia meant.

1919.1 17

New localities for xome tiitcresfhu/ lliniiiptira. — Amoi-f^-st some Ik'iniptera
recently sent me ibr naming by Mr. J. W. Carter, F.I'^.S., I was very glail
to see a specimen of Ulnsniostet/ius ferruf/atus Fabr., wliicli was taken by
Mr. Carter near Bradford, Yorks, in 1889. This is the third recorded British
specimen of this species, and is really the earliest in order of time, as the ether
two were taken, respectively, near Bangor in 1899 by Mr. Sopp, and at Derby
in 1903 by Mr. G. Piillen.

While staying for a short time in the south of Oxfordshire last Angust, [
found the Homopteron Gryjyotes piuetellvs Bob. in some numbers on Scotcli iir
on the Chiltern Hills at Goring Heath, and also a single specimen in the
Thames Valley at Goring. This species has previously been recorded only
from the neighbourhood of Mildenhall, Suflblk, where it was discovered a iv:\v
years ago by the Messrs. Fryer. I also took from Lombardy poplars at Goring
a pair of Idiocerus scmjv« Germ., a species which has hitherto been recorded
only from the immediate' neighbourhood of Loudon. — E. A. Butler, 14
Drylands Road, Hornsey, N. 8 : Dec 7th, 1918.

Delphax distincta Flor, and D. indlula Boh. in Ctimberla/id. — Among a
number of more or less interesting Homoptera recently submitted to JNlr. K. A.
Butler for names were four males and two females of the first-named species ■
and a single male of the latter, all taken by me in June last by sweeping coarse
herbage on Cumwhitton Moss. Both species were introduced to the British
list by Scott without localities. INlr. Butler informs nie that he knows of only
one previous British pullula and none oi distincta. My best thanks are due to
INlr. Butler for his kind help, and also to Mr. James Edwards, to whom the
insects were also referred. — F. H. Day, 26, Currock Terrace, Carlisle :
Nov. 22nd, 1918.

Ci-ahro capitosus Shzick. in the Midlands. — In the Counties of Leicester,
Warwick, and Northampton, this wasp, said by Saunders to be rare, must be
one of the commonest of the genus. Its habit, pei'haps, is obscure, for 1 have
never caught it at large, but I have " bred " it freely, and this note on its
economy may be the means of discovering whether the species is equally
abundant elsewhere. When our hedges are trimmed the ash-twigs that are
severed, as also those that are broken accidentally in woods, throw out a shoot
on each side a foot or less from the end, thus forming a sort of trident the
middle prong of Avhich becomes dead. Into the pith of the central prong
Crabro capitosus bores, but does not stop — as is the case with all other
Aculeates boring in bramble and briar stems — at the dead portion of the twig ;
she bores far beyond, past the two new and growing shoots, right down into
the green pith for twelve inches or so. The cells are provisioned with Aphides,
and between each cell a partition, as long as or longer than the cell, is formed
of minute loose pieces of green pith. There are usually nine or ten cells in a
stem. The larvae make cylindrical cocoons of transparent yellow membrane
and emerge (when the stems are kept indoors) in April and May, the sexes
being about equally represented. In no case have I found cocoons in the dead
part of the stem and only once in anything but ash, that once being in a
growing elder-twig. I have not obtained any parasites. Wherever I look in
tiie hedges in these three counties I am sure of finding perforated ash-twigs in

C

, J, [January,

quantities, -whereas perforated bramble and briar stems have to be hunted for
diligently. Saunders says tliis species has been bred from bramble stems;
may not this have been a mistake for ash ?— L. A. Box, Eighty, Northampton
Road, Croydon : November IQth, 1918.

Chrysopa dorsalis Burnt, near Cohiiehter. — I took nine specimens of this
local insect in a young fir plantation near Colchester on June 17th, 1917, and
a single example in the same locality in 1916, They were captured just
before a heavy thunderstorm and were very lively in the net, in fact one or
two others escaped. The insect has, so far, occurred nowhere else in Essex,
and fir, to which it seems usually attached, is scarce near Colchester except
for a few plantations of quite modern growth. This locality was in 1904-5
a sandy field and very prolific in Aculeate Hymenoptera. — Bernard S.
Habwoop, Melford Road, Sudbury, Suffolk.

\ Chrysopa dorsalis has previously' only been recorded from two localitres
in Britain : at King's Lynn in numbers in 1900 and subsequently by Mr. A. E.
Atmore ; and once at Oxshott in Surrey by the late Mr. Alfred Beaumont,
also in 1900.— G. T. P.]

Note on the ^'' sini/iny'" of Syrphns ribesii L. while at rest. — On Sept. 9th,
1917, in my garden here., the morning- being warm and bright and autumn flies
numerous on the flowers and shrubs, 1 became aware, while watching Syrphi
hovering, of a " singing " sound which at first T thought came from an unfor-
tunate fly in a spider's-web. Seeking- the source of the sound, I was greatly
interested to find that it came from a Syrphus resting on a leaf quite near.
There was no doubt of it, as in this case (and in others) I got quite close to
the tiy without alarming it, and the sound was distinctly heard coming from
the insect. I could detect no movement of any part. 1 caught several of
these "singing" flies, and they were all Syrphus ribesii, d' <5 • During the
past summer (1918) I did not, owing to various reasons, notice this habit
until the new brood of Sipjihi Avere about in Aug. and Sept. From observa-
tions made, the "singing" seemed to be confined to the J of <S'. ribesii, which
I may remark is the predominant member of the genus in my garden ; its near
relative, vitripennis Mg., is comparatively scarce, and I did not catch any
" singing." I also paid close attention to luniger Mg., balteatus D. G., and
corollue F., but detected no sound coming from them. When ribesii S settles,
its wings are sometimes rather widely spread, and it is only after bringing
them, with a sudden and quick movement, closer together over the abdomen —
but still leaving the latter uncovered — that the " singing" begins. I could not
see that $ 2 '^vere attracted by the sound, and I could come to no other con-
clusion than that it was an expression of the insect's joy in life. The brighter
the sun, the more active the insects were, and the more they " sang " ! The
sound was distinctly audible to me at a distance of six or seven feet, I cannot
find that this habit in S. ribesii has been noticed before. It is not mentioned
in the latest account of the Syrphidae (Lundbeck, " Diptera Danica," part v,
1916). It is, of course, known to occur in the genera Helophihis, Sericomyia,
and Microdon. I have noticed it in Sericomyia, and the sound is louder than
in S. ribesii. Interesting notes on the "singing" of Sericomyia appeared in
Vol. 18 (pp. 159, 189, 190) and 19 (p. 188) of this Magazine.— A. E. J.
Carter, Monifreth, Forfarshire : Oct. 2lst, 1918.

1919.1 19

Machimus atricapillus Fin, in Lfincntt/ure. — According' to Verrall in his
" British Flies," vol. v, p. 678, this species has not been taken further north
than Dolgelly. On the 8tli of August last I took a pair at Humphrey Head,
near Grange, which is about 100 miles further north. I have also taken
Echinomijia f/rossa L. several times on Holker M(jss iu the same neighbour-
hood. — Chris. A. Cheeiham, Farnley, Leeds : Dec. llth, 1918.

NOTE ON APANTELE8 GLOMERATUS, A BEACONID PARASITE OF
THE LARVA OF PIERIS BBAS8ICAE.

BT J. BRONTE GA.TEKBT, B.A., B.SC.

Tlie endoparasitic entomophagous Hi/menojjtera have always at-
tracted the lively interest hoth of the systematist and the trained
microseopist. Except for the colonial instinct, these entoiuophagous
Hymenoptei'd exhibit other reactions and complicated instincts of a
truly wonderful nature (1).

In this short note I have added a few more facts to a former
paper (2) on the subject, wherein I described the larval anatomy of
Microgaster, an allied form.

The adult Apanteles glomeratus is a small Braconid fly some
three millimetres in body-length. It generally attacks young cater-
pillars of Fieris hrassicae, and lays inside their bodies some thirty to
sixty eggs, all of which hatch out, producing larvae with a peculiar
abdominal bulb or vesicle (2). These larvae grow up, eating the fat-
body of the host in later stages of their life. Finally they make their
exit from the body of their host, at a time when the latter is about full-
grown. This paper deals especially with the period when the Braconid
larvae are passing outwards.

Some Facts with eegaed to the Ego a^^d
Ge>"eeal Development.

The oogenesis of this parasite has been examined hy Hegner (3)
and more recently by myself. I do not intend to enter into the subject
here, but it may be explained that the ovum of this form is an elongate-
oval structure, having at its posterior pole a germ-cell determinant
(3, 1), which later becomes enclosed in the future germ-cells. In
oogenesis also it has been ascertained hy Hegner that ApanfeJes is like
Blochmann's ants and some other insects in. possessing, in addition to
the egg-nucleus, a large number of secondary nuclei, whose origin and
fate is still in doubt. They appear when the egg is half grown and dis-
appear before the eg^ is quite mature. Lately, Buchner (4) has

of) [January,

published a monumental work on these secondary nuclei in Hymeno-
ftera, without, however, adding any veiy important new fact to oiir
knowledge. These secondary nuclei are undoubtedly most remarkable
objects, and further study of tliem may shed some light on the structure
of the true nucleus.

The development is completely unknown except for some embryos
studied by me in my former paper.

The larvae of Apanteles, Microgaster, and Microplitis are re-
markable for the fact that they respire by means of an abdominal
vesicle, which has hitherto been considered to be the modified ultimate
segment of the abdomen. In my previous paper I have advanced
reasons based on strong anatomical evidence that all the older observers
are incori-ect in considering this vesicle or bladder to be a body-segment ;
I consider that it is a part of the gut or proctodaeum evaginated
during eml)r\'onic development. Complete confirmation of this sug-
gestion can only come by the examination of successive embryonic
stages, which are difficult to obtain. I have so far been unable to
succeed in getting the Apctnteles to attack Pierine caterpillars in
captivity and thus to get the eggs at special stages, and have had
to depend on material collected outside.

J^ote on Gaufiers New Work.

CI. ({autier (Coniptes liend. Iwxi, 1918) gives two short papers on a
poridd of tlie history of Apanteles not studied by me. He finds from 15 to 80
ApdHtvies individuals to emerge fiom one host I'ierine ; the average number is
.sixty. With reference to the period of lite at which the host caterpillar be-
eumes infected, Gautier mentions Fahre's incorrect view that it is thu Fieris
eggs that are attacked by the parasite ; Seurat thought tlnit it was the young
caterpillars of 3 mm. in length that were pierced by the Apa)Uelesj this is
Martelh's observation also (2).

Gautier performed the following experiment : — Fieris eggs taken in the
open and kept in gauze cages, do iu)t give rise to parasites. This contradicts
Fabre : caterpillars of Fien's ranging i'rom 24 liours old to 8-9 mm. in lengtli,
taken in the open and kept in gauze cages, are found to give rise to parasites.
1'his means that the mother Apaiiteles is able to oviposit in Piei'ine caterpillars
up to 9 mm. in lenirth. Gautier confirms Martelli's work, which, however,
he does not seem to know. (For bibliography, see paper (2).)

Exit or the Apanteles Larvae fbom the Host
Caterpillak's Body.
In my previous paper (2) I mentioned that the parasitized cater-
pillar, some time before the boring outward of the Braconid larvae,

1P19.] 21

remains quite still ; if it is touched, the caterpillar moves a little, but
soon becomes immobile a^ain. This enforced immobility is caused
possibly by the movements of the larvae inside the caterpillar's body ;
at some signal all the larvae within the latter become active pre})aratory
to their exit.

The reason the unfortunate host does not struggle at this stage is
possibly due either to a partial nervous paralysis or, more likely, to a
rapture of many of its body-wall muscles. That the latter explanation
is near the truth is made more likely by the facts that in many cases
the exit of the parasites is preceded, first, by violent sti'uggles of the
host, and then b}' a period of immobilit}^ and by the additional fact that
the head and prothoracic regions of the caterpillar throughout the periods
of boring outward, make a slight but constant movement ; this region
of the caterpillar is rarely punctured by the out-boring parasites
(text-fig. 1).

After the caterpillar is immobile, examination of its body-wall at a
favourable time may show a large number of round pale whitish spots.
These pale areas are caused by the contained parasites beginning to eat
or gnaw their way outwards ; in doing this they firstly gnaw away the
muscles and hypoderm. As the latter is pigmented (yellow or brownish
black) the scraping away of the cells causes the round areas to appear.
In text-fig. 2 the mesothorax above the letter j:; is seen to have in the
mid-lateral region a round pale area, caused as explained above. Watched
under a binocular microscope the somewhat pigmented head of the para-
site may be observed underneath moving to and fro as it rasps at the
cuticle of its host. After the first appearance of these round areas
the parasites take about fifteen minutes to penetrate through the
remaining outer chitinous cuticle.

In seveml cases I have been enabled to examine the stages in the
exit of these Braconid larvae from the body of the Pieris hrassicae
caterpillar, and I have carefully noted the times at which the parasites
were at special stages in their process of exit. In the following para-
graphs I give a specimen of these observations, one of which began at
9.30 A.M. The exit of the parasites may take place at any time of the
night or day.

1. The outward migration of the parasites began at 9.30 a.m.

2. From the time of appearance of the white scraped areas to the com-

plete peuetration of the body-wall, 30 niiuutes passed. 10 a.m.

3. From the time of first breaking through of the head of the parasite to

the extrusion of half its body, 30 niiiuites passed. 10.30 a.m.

on [January,

4. In another 10 or 15 minutes every larva has extricated all but the last

abdominal segment. 10.45 a.m,
6. Immediately they began to spin up. By 11 a.m. each larva had spun

a loose outer net halfSvay up its body (text-fig. 4, w).

6. In the following hour only the tip of the head jn-otruded (text-fig. 2, on

right side of jm). 12 p.m.

7. By 3 P.M. the outer network of the web was finished and the inner

closely woven shell was in process of formation, though the larvae
could still be seen through, working steadily.
Complete time from beginning of emergence, 5^ hours. By the following
morning the cocoons were nearly completed as far as one could judge
from an external examination.

A striking fact is the apparent synchronism in the inception of the
outward movement by every larva. Some stimulus evidently becomes
passed from one to the other. Kept on one's desk and occasionally
examined, a box of " sleepy " Pierine caterpillars are at one moment
normal. In the space of ten minutes or so, an individual may i-esolve
into a mass of struggling white maggots, as drawn in text-fig. 1. The
change is renrarkable, and the question naturally arises as to what is the
nature of the stimulus which sends every larva rapidly boring outwards.
1 believe that the outward movement is not really so synchronous as
cursory examination seems to show ; what probably occurs seems to be
that when the larvae are full-grown, their imaginal discs, silk glands,
and general histolytic processes having arrived at the correct stage, an
inward physiological stimulus arises in a few of the most advanced indi-
viduals, and it is their struggles outward that sets the others working
likewise.

In this connection some interesting facts have been noticed. In
.such a case as that shown in text-fig. 1, almost every individual has
attempted to work outwards in the middle third of the body ; this
region is crowded, but not all larvae have succeeded in their fight for a
space in this favourite region ; ten minutes after the stage shown in text-
fig. 1 more larvae began to appear in the thoracic and the hind abdominal
regions. These larvae were not immature in size, and I considered that
their lateness in appearance was due to the fact that they had been
unable to obtain a footing in the mid-region, and liad been forced to
work along underneath their more successful fellows to gain a place for
commencing boring operations.

It was shown before (2) that the parasitic larvae generally passed
outwaixls through the sides of the host caterpillar. More rarely one
finds larvae passing outwards on the dorsal surface, but no matter in

1919.]

23

which position the host caterpillar adheres to a wall or tree, the majority
of larvae attack the sides of the host. This does not seem to be a
general rule for other Braconids. In addition, there seems to be some
evidence that the larvae have a geotropic sense ; if a parasitized cater-
pillar is lying at the bottom of a square box, with its body parallel to
the side of the box, and one side facing upwards and the other touching

Test-fig. 1.— Caterpillar of Pievis brassicae at a time when most of the Apanteles
glomeratiis larvae have made their exit from its haemocoel.

,, 2. — Head region of same showing mode of exit of parasites (P) : t;=leg ;
f = thread of silk : to = outer layer of cocoon.

„ 3 and 4. — Early stages in spinning of cocoon after emergence of larva
from body of host (b) : /i = head of larva ; it" — web.

the floor of the box, almost all the larvae emerge on the uj^ward side.
A few may pass outwards on the underside, but not many ; others pass
outwards on the true dorsum of the caterpillar, but the majority prefer
the upper lateral side. This is the case shown in text-fig. 1.

In text-fig. 2 the head end of a pai'asitized caterpillar is drawn at a
higher magnification. This gives a faithful idea of the mode of exit of
the parasites ; on each side of the pale circle in the mid-lateral region in
the mesothorax, there is a larva just beginning to emerge ; at p, another
larva is issuing on the ventral surface. At t is the web being spun by

04. [January,

tlie larva which has emerged on the dorsum. All these ahove-mentioned
larvae were late in emerging. At tv, is the loose outer web of those
larvae which had emerged sooner and which are now nearly hidden.

In several cases immediately after the parasite had emerged, I
removed it from the surface of the body of its host and placed it on a
glass plate ; nevertheless it began at once to spin its cocoon. Disturbed
and shifted several times, the parasite will at each time patiently begin
again to spin its cocoon. It is extremely rare, however, to find any larvae
further than half an inch from the body of the host. The spinning of
the coconn seems to follow as a reflex after the emergence of the larva
from the carcase of the caterpillar.

On the Condition op the Body of the Host Cateepillar
AFTER Emergence of the Parasitic Lartae.

Those who have had occasion to open the body of a Lepidopterous
larva containing one or more Tachinid larval parasites must have been
surprised at the complete manner in which the adult caterpillar's body
has been cleared out of all but necessary organs. In cases I have
examined hardly a vestige remains of the fat-body. On the analogy of
Tachinid parasitism one might expect to find the same to appl.y to the
adult Pierine caterpillar parasitized by Apanteles larvae, which also in
the last third of their larval life consume the fatty tissues of their host.
I have cut sections of the parasitized caterpillar before and after the
exit, and find that, as one would expect, the condition of the fat-body
depends on the number of parasites in the host. In all cases, however,
thin sheets of fatty tissue remain after the exit of the larvae ; but when
only a few parasites are in the body of the caterpillar, the fat-body may
be rather extensive. In such cases the caterpillar may arrive at the
pupal stage. I have met no case in which such an individual gave rise
to an imago, but I believe this has occurred, and has been reported.

In my sections of the caterpillar after exit of the larvae, the holes
in the body are found to appear as gaps, or complete breaks in the
section of tlie body-wall.

In the several cases examined, I found that caterpillars killed some
days after emergence of the bulk of the parasites contained one or more
which did not emerge with the others. Whether these Avere alive, or
why they did not emerge with their fellows, I do not know.

In both Tachinid and Braconid parasitism the size of the gonads is
nearly always seriously affected, and such individuals have no sperma-
tozoa developed, as have the unparasitized Pierine caterpillars. In no

^ SYNOPSIS OP THE BllITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hon. N. Charles Kothschild, M.A., P.L.S., illustrated by Eight Platea
(issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
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THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

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SPHODBUS

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nimbatxis Moraw.
eurymorpha Tech.
depreasidorsis Rttr.
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CONTENTS:

PA9E

Notes on various species of tlie genua Chalchas Blanch, (Coleoptera). — G. C.

Champion, F.Z.S 1

A new species of Otiorrhynchine beetle of the genua Ehyncogonus .Sharp from

Laysan Island.— E. C. L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc, F.Z.S 4

Gatagramnia pitheaa and Catagi-amnia cyolops distinct species (with figure). —

W.J. Kaye, F.E.S. -5

Egg-laying of Emphytus serotinus {with figure). — T. A. Chaiiman, M.D., P.R.8. ... 6
Additions to E. Saunders's Catalogue of British Hymenoptera (Aculeata), 1902,

and Changes in Nomenclature.— E. C. L. Perlcins, M.A., D.Sc, F.Z.S 8

Swarming of the Chalcidid Pteromalus deplanatus Nees in buildings. — Hugh

Scott, M.A., F.L.S 13

Thaly.cra scricea Sturm in Cumberland. — F. H. Day, F.E.S 16

Endomychidae in Essex. — A. F. J. Oedye 16

New localities for some interesting Hemiptera. — E. A. BuUer, B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S. 17

Delphax distincta Plor and D. puUula Boh. in Cumberland. — P. H. Day, F.E.S. 17

Crabro capitosus Shuck, in the Midlands.— L. A. Box ... 17

Chrysopa dorsalis Burm. near Colchester. — B. S. Ha,rivoo(l 18

Note on the " singing" of Syrphus ribesii L. while at rest. — A. E. J. Carter , 18

Machimus atricapillus Pin. in Lancashire. — C. H. Cheetham 19

Note on Apanteles glomeratus, a Braeonid parasite of the larva of Pieris

brassicae (iinth figures). — J. Bronte Gatenl>y, B.A., B.Sc 19

THE NATURALIST:

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETXES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendifih
Square, W.— February 5th, March 5tb, 1919.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clook in the evening- precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays,- when it

ie closed at 2 p.m.), ami until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOIMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibemia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second &, Fourth Thursdays
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exhibition of slides.

The Chair will be taken pimctuolly at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7 p.m.
on the Ist and 8rd Tue=;days in each month, at Room 20, Salisbviry House, Finsbury
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CJihP'iford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafo,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each mouth.

1919.1 25

ease had tlie i^onads been destroyed by Aimnteles or 3Iicroqasf^\'^mhj^ ^ . y^
any Taehinid parasites examined by me. This is true even when all the "" j

■fat-bodv has been removed from the immediate environ^ of th,e sfonads. "\'t

The Cocoon or the Apakteles Larva.
After the parasites have passed out of the body of the victimized
T^ierine caterpillar, they adhere to the latter by the last abdominal
segment, which does not appear to be completely withdrawn at once
from the hole in the bod3'-w\all. Immediately the parasites Jiave com-
))letely escaped, they begin to spin their cocoons. Those of Mi croc/aster
onnnexus, a parasite especially of Porthesin similis, are a beautiful
white, while those of Apanffles f/lomeratus are of an equally
beautiful golden yellow colour.

The larva of Apanteles bends over as shown in text-figs. 3 and A;
and spins first of all a loose outer web around its body. In the majority
of eases it carries out this process as illustrated in text-fig. 4, beginning
at the bottom and gradually working upwards. In rarer cases it builds
the net from one side as shown in text-fig. 3. In the .legion where all
the larvae are crowded together, one larva attaches some of its threads
to those of its neighbours. The larva loops its first threads on to
the hairs of the caterpillar's body, but the attachment is never very close,
and the host is easilj' separated from its parasite cocoons. The times
taken for tlie preliminary steps of the formation of the cocoon have been
given, but after the latter is so thick that the occupant can no longer bp
seen through, it ma}^ work several hours longer before the silken casket
is finished. As is well known, the cocoon is extraordinarily tough and
strong. In my previous paper notes were given on the method of
exit of the imago from its cocoon, as well as of the hyperparasite
3re>;ocliorus.

The Fate of the Pakasitized Larva op Pjeeis.

The parasitized larvae of Pierines appear to be able to grow just as
lai-ge as the non-parasitized individuals. After the exit of the larvae,
the host caterpillar is left overpowered by the dreadful experience it has
undergone. If it is touched it moves feeblj'^, but for several days its
power of movement is curtailed ; in about a Aveek's time after the exit of
the parasites from its body, the holes probably become repaired and
filled up by the activity of the blood or body-wall cells. It is true that
after the exit of the larvae the body-fluid of the host can be expressed
by gentle squeezing, though if the caterpillar is not touched the exit of

s

26

the parasites does not appear to let out any blood. It is a well-known
fact that the intestines and fluid in the body o£ a caterpillar are slightly
under pressure, and the puncturing of its body-wall with a needle gene-
rally lets out at least a drop of haemocoelic fluid. Now this pressure is
of course no longer present after the exit of the parasites ; the host's
body shrinks somewhat, and it is not till the holes are repaired by the
cells, and the body-wall of the caterpillar has shrunken further, that
the pressure becomes renewed. This happens at the end of a week ; at
this stage rough handhng of the caterpillar may rupture some of the
holes, and immediately a drop of haemocoelic fluid exudes.

Subsequently, the caterpillar recovers to a certain extent, and in
many cases it can make spasmodic movements of its whole body, when
stimulated. In rare cases it is able to travel a short distance from the
mass of cocoons. I have found Pieris brassicae larvae to live at least
one month after the exit of their parasites ; during this period they
move very little, though head movement may occur at periods, and
they finally become di-ied up and die.

Examination of the haemocoelic fluid of parasitized larvae failed to
reveal any A^ery obvious differences when compared with the blood-fluid
of non -parasitized caterpillars.

BlBLIOGEAPHT.

(1) Gatenby, J. Bronte. Polyembryony in the Parasitic Ilymenoptera
A Review. Quart. Jouru. Micr. Soc. vol. Ixiii.

{;2) . Notes on the Embryology, Anatomy, and Life-History of Parasitic

Hymenoptera. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. 1918.

(.']) Hegner, Robert. Studies on Germ Cells : IV. Protoplasmic Differen-
tiation in the Ovocytes of certain Hymenoptera. Journ. Morph.
vol. xxvi, 1915.

(4) BuCHNER, Paul. Vergleichende Eistudien : Die akzessorischeu Kerne
des Hymenoptereueies. Arch. f. mikr. Auat. 91 Bd. 1918.

24, Walton Well Road, Oxford.
December 1918.

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SALTATOEIAL DASCILLIDAE :
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S.

During the course of publication of this paper, the concluding
portion of which was issued in December 1918 (Ent. Mo. Mag. liv.),
two species of Scirtes from Fiji have been handed over to me for deter-
mination ; and an example of >§. subcostatus. I.e. p. 193, from N.E.

1919.]

27

Rhodesia, found by Mr. Neave between Luwingu and the mouth of the
Chambezi River, has been detected in the Oxford Museum*. Descriptions
of the Fijian forms, the first to be received from those islands, are now
given.

Scirtes natovensis, n. sp.

Oval, rather broad, robust, shining, finely pubescent; fusco-testaceous or
reddish-brown, the head and prothorax piceous, the sides of the latter rather
broadly aud sharply, the antennae, and an indeterminate humeral patch,
testaceous, the legs obscure testaceous ; very closely finely, the elytra more
strongly, punctate. Head very broad; antennae slender, long, joints 2 and 3
sh/^rt, equal in length. Prothorax rapidly narrowed from the base. El}i;ra
without trace of grooves on the disc, the margins very narrowly reflexed.
Posterior femora extremely broad ; upper posterior tibial spur rather slender,
about three times the length of the feebly developed lower spur, the upper one
much shorter than the first tarsal joint.

Length 3 -SI-, breadth 2yV i^di.

Hah. Fiji, Natova (iB. Veitch: iv.l918).

Two specimens in fairly good condition, others rendered useless by
pinning. Near the variable, widely distributed 8. sericetis Waterh.
(? :=canescens Motsch.), the type of which was from Siam, differing
from it in the sharply defined pale margins to the prothorax and the
feebly developed lower spur to the posterior tibiae.

Scirtes veitchi, n. sp.

Oblong oval, somewhat depressed, shining, iinely pubescent; black, the
two basal joints of the antennae, the sides of the prothorax, knees, tarsi, and
tips of the tibiae, rufescent or testaceous ; closely, minutely, the elytra more
strongly, punctate. Antennae moderately long, slender, joint 3 very small.
Elytra without trace of grooves, narrowly margined. Posterior femora broad,
the tibiae moderately dilated, the spurs rather slender, the lower one short.

Length 2|, breadth 1^ mm.

Hah. Fiji, Natova {B. Veitch : lO.i.1918).

One specimen, in good condition, with the posterior tibial spurs of
the right leg connate at the base. Near ^S*. nigricans Waterh., fi-om
China, and 8. consohriims Lewis, from Japan, but less convex, the
antennae black (joints 1 and 2 excepted) ; the lateral margins of the
prothorax red, the elytra more strongly punctured.

Horsell.

December 1918.

* Two more specimens from Entebbe have just been handed over to me by Dr. Guy Marshall,
thefle having the elytral ridges almost obsolete, and this character may therefore apply to <J only,
the type bemg ? ,

d2

fyt^ [Februarv.

TWENTY.FIVE YEAES IN SOUTH DEVON. A LEPTDOPTERIST'S

RETROSPECT.

BY C. M. MAYOR.

Since August 1914, no light has been allowed on the coast — a very
neeessaiy restriction, but one that at once put an end to all collecting
by night at seaside places. Not unnaturally, ]ierhaps, one's thoughts
revert to happier times, and I have lately been looking through the pages
of an Entomological Diary, from which these notes have been gathered.

It must be nearly twenty-eight years ago that I first started
collecting Lepidoptern in South Devon. So far as I know, there
was only one other collector in the town where we came to reside,
and he, like myself, was not over fond of working alone, so had
consequently done little since coming down West. A chance meeting
soon revealed our hobliy, and we at once determined to start an organized
campaign together. From that day, with a few unavoidable intervals,
we systematically and perseveringly worked our neighbourhood, generally
in company, and it is in order to give some results of our combined
efforts that this little account is written.

For the Hrst few years most of our collecting was done in a small
private wood, situated about a mile from the sea, and this produced a
surprising number and variety of insects. We worked it with light,
sugar, " dusking," and all the usual methods, and, considering its small
extent, we were well repaid. Some of the moths taken there we never
obtained elsew^iere in the neighbourhood, such as Fidonia 2)in'iario,
Angerona pi'unaria, and Eurijmene dololjraria, and nowhere have I
seen Callir/enia miniafa in such profusion. JEpunda niqnt and Clcm^a
lichenaria were especially abundant ; also Gorycia laminota and
C. temerata.

Sallows in the region of this wood, as indeed elsewhere in our
district, usually pi'oved unsatisfactory, because, in the soutli-west of
England, they come into bloom so early, at a time when the -weather
is very unstable. After a mild winter I have known the bushes to be
in bloom at the end of January, and jtist when you think thej' are at
their best, a i^harp frost or gale of wind will completely destroj' their
attractiveness. Nevertheless, we occasionally got in a good evening, and
managed to take Dasycampa ruhiyinea not infrequently- It occurred
several years running — 1894, 1895, 1896, etc. — once in company with
Hoporina croceayo. We sometimes took Taeniocampa miniosa, and
one year T. (jracilia Avas quite plentiful. But, on the whole, sallows
were very disappointing, producing only the usual Taeniocampas, with
a few odd hibernated " wrecks " of no importance.

1919.]

29

My friend was cxtremeh" fond of workiny tlic street-lamps, and on
suitable nights, if not otherwise engaged, either he or 1 generally took a
stroll round at about 10 p.m. with a light, long-handled net and a supply
of boxes. We had a particular " beat," which experience had shown us
to be profitable, and the list of moths taken in this way w^ould be a long
one, comprising probably not les.s than 200 species, some of them being
far from common. I have actual records of over 170, but there
are many omissions, especially amongst the commoner species and
Eupitheciae.

I suppose that Cainptor/rainjiia ^flufi((((( was one of our "• plums,"
and, though not constant, the late autumn brood put in an ajjpearance
most years. A specially good year ioi'Jlavlafa was 1899, when we took
some twenty specimens, the best night being November 23rd, which I
remember very well as being still, warm, and as black as ink. I boxed
six fiiiviata that night — \ 2 ^nd 2 6 , the former all being taken,
curiously enough, on one lamp in a public jjark. The females were
kept — ^and sacrificed — for ova, of which we got a good supply, the
resulting larvae being reared then, as on other occasions, without
difficult}'. Besides fluviata, the following may be worth recording,
and it is interesting to note that they w^ei'e mostly taken within a
radius of half-a-mile from our house : —

Acherontia atropos, GJioerocampa elpenor, C. porcellus, Amphi-
dasis prodromaria, A. hetularia. Cymatophora rldens, l^euria, sapo-
tiariae, Caradriiia amhigua. Donas coryli, Epuuda nigra, Acronycta
ligustri, Dasypol'm teinpli, Heliotliis peltigera, Laphygma exigua,
Folia flacicincta, Cosmia diffinis, Liparis chrysorrlioea, L. moiiaclw,
Oonopliora derasa, Dicranwra viniola, Calamia littosa, Lohopliora
oiretata^ Galligenia miniata, Lifhosia caniola, L. griseola (in great
profusion), i. griseola, var. stramineola, Macaria notafa, EUopia
fasciaria, Pericallia syringaria, Ennonios fuscantaria, Anticlea
sinuata, Platypteryx liamula, Aporophyla australis, Epione apiciaria,
Geometra papilionaria, Gorycia taminata, Numeria pulveraria.

We devoted a great deal of time to sugaring at all seasons of the
year save winter itself, and, taken all round, we found it probably
the most profitable means of collecting. Given average fair weather,
I should say that in our district the month of September is the best of
the twelve for this purpose, and anybody visiting Devon for, say, an
entomological holiday, covild hardly do better than select the last week
in August and the entire month of September, except, of course, for
certain species occurring earlier in the year. The results of our sugaring

30 [February,

were very variable, as is generally the case, some ^-^ears being absolutely
hopeless with hardly a redeeming feature, whilst certain seasons stand
out in red letters. 1897 and 1899 were good; 1900 positively golden ;
and 1906 much above the average. We Avere firm believers in stead-
fastly adhering to one spot and continually working it rather than
wandering about, if at any time unsuccessful, from place to place, in the
hopes of better fortune. When sugaring in our wood, we invariably
occupied the same ride, making a complete circle through the sur-
rounding orchards. By the sea we selected om* run of posts supporting
a whe fence close to the edge of the cliffs, with a hill sloping away land-
wards, covered with scrub and affording much shelter to our " sugars "
when the wind came from that quarter. The surrounding country was
mostly rough grassland, open common, and limestone quarries, and we
found this spot so satisfactory that we ultimately forsook the wood and
for quite twenty years running regularly sugared here throughout the
summer and autumn. It is out of the question to enumerate all
the species that have fi'om time to time visited our sweets. I have
referred, later on, to a few of the better and more particularly South
Devon moths in some short notes upon them individually. In addition
to these, I may mention the following : — Agrotls ohelisca, A. lunigera,
A. saucia and A. sujf'usa (some years in extraordinary abundance),
A. puta, A. pot'pliyrea, Epunda nigra (generally very common),
E. lutulenta, E. liclieiiea, Thi/atira hatis. Goiiopliora derasa, Cosmia
affinis, C. diffiais, Caradrina ahines, C. hianda, PoUa Jlacicincia (very
fine dark form), Hudena genlstae, Apcunea fibrosa, Calocampa vetuslu,
Noctua neglecta, N. glareosa (a pretty pink form), Aporophyla aus-
tralis, Plusiafestucae, A2)lecta occulta.

I think that the month of September, 1900, was the best and most
successful period we ever had at sugar, and some remarkably fine " bags "
rewarded our efforts. The weather was perfect and insects swarmed,
including species of some rarity.

In Devon and Cornwall, as, no doubt, in other counties, the railway
is frequently a blessing in disguise for the collector. The steep banks
of the cuttings are often a mass of varied vegetation, including many
vmcommon and local plants ; they are generally more or less protected
from the vagaries of the weather and afford a fine harbour to countless
insects — not only Lepidopterous. If passing through suitable country,
both inland and by the sea. the wooden posts supporting stout Avire-
fencing, as used by the Great Western, make ideal vehicles for sugai-
and I have found splendid sport in such situations again and again.

31

In my humble opinion great rewards still await the persevering
collector, particularly if resident, in South Devon. In view of the
o-ood things that have been taken, who can sav what is in store for
others ? There were, first, Mr. Jager's Ophiusa stolida * in 1903, which
I had the pleasure of seeing the morning after capture ; then my friend's
tine Nonagria sparganii in 1899 ; also his two Nola albulalis. Cer-
tainly four Leucania extranea (three of which were taken on ground
1 have worked scores of times) and Hypena ohsitalis, whose fortunate
captor I know well. Heliotliis scufosa, Sterrha saeraria, Plusia iii,
Bianthoecia barrettii, Deiopeia pulchella (which was taken by a friend
in my neighbourhood), and many others.

For reasons which are difficult to discover, South Devon seems to
have been much neglected during recent years. In pre-war days I have
often been for walks on summer evenings over ground that, from an
entomological point of view, is almost historic, without meeting a single
collector. Twenty years or more ago I should probably have encountered
parties of our leading entomologists. Perhaps, however, they imagined,
as is so often the case, that others would be there before them, with the
result that miles of the finest collecting ground in the south-west of
England have been entirely neglected year after year, save, perhaps, for
the occasional visits of residents in the neighbourhood. The following
notes on a few special species may, I hope, prove of interest.

Leucania putrescens.— Our experience with this essentially Devon-
shire moth is worth noting. Considering that it was, we knew, taken
freely at a well-known locality not many miles away from us, we thought
it strange that not a single specimen appeared on our own ground. On
the advice of an old and experienced collector, who had taken putrescens
plentifully in the earlier days of its discovery, we sugared the blooms of
the wild carrot as near the coast as we could go, but Avithout, at first,
any success whatever. A few years later, however, abotit 1898 probably,
putrescens began to put in an appearance. Strangely enough, we first
took it at bramble blossoms. Subsequently it came to sugar ; but we
took more when the latter was spread on posts and fencing than when
we sugared the flowers ; and this was a great blessing, as examining long
stretches of low-growing flowers is a very tedious occupation. We soon
discovered, however, that there was something far more attractive to
putrescens than sugar, viz. the flowers of the wood sage {Teucrium
scorodonia). In the year 1902 I made a note in my Diary as follows :—
" L. putrescens, decidedly on the increase, and now occurring in some

* See Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. xxii, 2nd series, p. 203, and plate.

op [February,

numbers every year, chiefly at wood sage. If this plant is about,
sugaring for the moth is hardly worth while, as, by examining the
flowers after dark with the aid of a lantern they may be secured without
difficulty." As illustrating the comparative attractiveness of the two
baits, I give the folloAving extracts from the same Diary : — " 1905,
July 15th, 7 imirescema : 6 on sage, 1 on sugar ; July 20th, 6 on sage ;
July 21st. 10: S on sage; July 26th, 15: 10 on sage ; August 1st, 10:
8 on sage ; August 5th, 4 on sage," and so on. No doubt that when we
first started this insect was not nearly so plentiful as it subsequently
became. The second or third week in July generall}' finds it well out,
though I have taken it earlier, and sometimes it continues in fine
condition to the end of August or even later.

Leucania cdbipuncta.- — I si^ppose South DcA'on would generally be
regarded as quite a good locality for this insect, but, though we have
worked for it over many years, we have not taken a great number.
In 1897 we got 4 ; 1899, 3 ; 1900, a good year, about a dozen ; and
so on — a few, as a rule, most seasons. Generally speaking, as a i-esult
of persevering sugaring in late August and into September, albipuncta
will be found to come sooner or later on still, dark, and warm nights.
It is a great mistake to leave the sugars early, as, although it may be
taken on one's first round, this moth continues to visit the sweets all
night, and we have found it on om* w^ay home after midnight on the
patches of other collectors who had long since gone home and were
probably then in bed and asleep. Personally, I have never taken more
than three in a single evening, but my friend Mr. Gr. T. Porritt once
had the good fortune to get five one night on the very ground I have
many times sugared. No one who has once seen alhipuncta in the
lantern's rays could possibly mistake it for JL. lithargyria, which it is
said to resemble. Not only does it look an altogether superior insect,
but the spots stand out very conspicuously like points of pure white.

[To he continued.)

Paraphytosus : a correction. — In my description of this genus (Ent. Mo.
31ag. 1917, p. 125) I stated that the tongue was simple. Examinatiou, however,
of other px-epnratious of the mouth-parts shows that a small, acutely triaugular
excision of tlie apex is present, and therefore that the statement that this
structure is simple is incorrect. — M. Cameron, 7 Blessingtou Rd., Lee, S.E. 13 :
Jamiary Qth, 1919,

Bryocharis {MeyacroHus) analis Payk. var. merdaria Gyll. in Walf^. — Tliis
well-mai-ked colour variety differs from the type form in having a bright red

1919.]

33

instead of a black thorax. Stephens includes it in his Manual, but 1 believe
that it has not found a place in any British handbook or catalogue since his
time, nor have I any recollection of a record of its capture here. A specimen
was talven by my friend Mr. C. E. Stott in moss at Llandrindod Wells in Sep-
tember 1917, and sent to me for identification. — E. A. Newbery, 13 Oppidans
Road, N.W.3: Jnnuanj lUh, 1919.

Gerris nsper Fab. in Norfolk. — In March 1918, 1 took three specimens of
a Gerris on a slow-flowing- brook at Holt, Norfolk. Mr. E. A. Butler, to
whom I submitted one of the examples and to whom my best thanks are
due, informs me that they are Gerris asper, and that he knows of no other
authentic occurrence of this insect south of the Tweed. — G. E. Hutchinson,
Ayrthorpe, Newton Road, Cambridge : January 17th, 1919.

The range of Flusia moneta in Britain, — Dr. Imms's record (this Magazine,
liv, p. 211) of this species for Lymm certainly carries it a little further 2vest
than Bramhall (" Entomologist," xxxix, p. 291), but his records are beaten, so
far as the north of Cheshire is concerned, by Sale (Ent. l. c), and Ashton-on-
Mer.~ey (Ent. 1, p. 208) and all Cheshire records are beaten easily by York
(Ent. Mo. Mag. liv, p. 21). There is now a " further west '" record for Cheshire
in the current number of the "Entomologist," p. 23 (Alvanley). I have also
a note of the larva being found at Arnside, Westmorland, which is the
farthest north as yet, but I cannot trace the source of the record now. Perhaps
some reader can put me on to it. We want records of this species from
N. Walws, Isle of Man, Ireland, and Scotland. Has it not reached any of
these districts yet? — C. Nicholson, 35 The Avenue, Hale End, E. 4
December dth, 1918.

Bombiis terrestris L. in New Zealand. — Is not Mr. Hudson in error (last
vol. p. 212) in speaking of harrisellns Ivirby as a variety of above species Y
I thought it belonged to hortormn L., or, more correctly, ruderatus F.
according to Sladeu. — C. NicHOLsiON.

The " sinyiny " of Syrphus ribesii ivhile at rest. — I notice that Mr. Carter,
in his notes upon this subject, states that he was unable to observe any motion
when these flies were producing their shrill singing noise : but I think if he
watches them again verj' closelj' he will find that the wings are really in
motion at the time. The movement is very slight and exceedingly rapid —
indeed, the only effect that is produced is that the wings suddenly appear out
of focus when the song is commenced. The change is, perhaps, more easily
seen when the song ceases, for then the outline of the wdngs becomes suddenly
much sharper aud more distinct. There are some other flies of the same genus
that I have noticed producing a similar noise, but I cannot be quite sure from
memory as to which species I have observed. I suspect the sharp buzzing
sound they all make when caught is produced in the same way. — Eustace
F. Wallis, Newton, near Kettering ; January 12'th, 1919.

34 [February,

YoRKSHiBE Natukalists' Union: Entomological Section. Annual
Meetings. — These were held, by kind permission of the York Philosophical
Societj', ill the library of the Museum at York, on Saturday, October 26th,
1918, under the presidency of Mr. G. T. Pobritt, F.L.S., F.E.S. The diffi-
culties of present-day travelling probably accounted for the small attendance,
though many leading Y'^orkshire entomologists were present.

The afternoon meeting was held at 3.15 p.m., for the election of officers
for the ensuing year and for the exhibition of specimens.

Before the ordinary business of the meeting, Mr. Porritt asked the members
present to pass a vote of condolence and sympathy with Dr. Corbett and his
family on the death of his only son, Capt. H. V. Corbett, an enthusiastic and
able naturalist, who was killed in action on October 17th. Tliis was silently
passed, the members standing in their places.

The report, as read by Mr. B. Morley, one of the secretaries, showed that
notwithstanding difficulties ov>ing to ^^ln■ conditions much good work had been
done, especially iiniong the t'oleopteru and Hynitnojdera, of which particulars
of the more interesting species are given later in the list of exhibits. In the
" neglected " orders some 70 species had been added to the county lists.

In Lepidoptera Mr. J. II. Hooper had taken a specimen of Argynnis paphia
in Dett'er AVood in the Huddersfield district, a species of great rarity in West
Y'^orkshire. Mr. liosse Buttertleld had captured Argynnis eitphrosy^ie, along
with Coremia vmnitata at B;irdeu-iii-Wharfedale ; Mr. W. Fabian reported
Sphinx ligustri from York, and from the same place Vanessa antiopa and
CJioerocampa elpenor a\ ere recorded by Mr. E. H. Tye. Mr. Arthur Smith
reported Sesiu eulicifonnis, Epione puralleluria (plentiful), and Cosmla paleacea
from Sandburn, York, and Dicranura bifida and Collix sparsata from Askham
Bogs. Plusiu muneta was recorded as having been common at York and Hull
by Mr. A\'. Hewett and Mr. J. Porter respectively ; also a single specimen of
the species at Huddersfield by Mr. Ellis, llumicia phlaeus had abounded in
many parts of the county, and in many unusual places. Mr. Porritt had
collected two large broods of larvae of Cuctdlia verbasci at Huddersfield, a
species hitherto never noticed in the district. Mr. J, W. Carter had found
a brood of the same species in the public park at Bradford, where also it was a
great rarity. Sphinx convoh-uli had occurred at Skelmanthorpe to Mr. T. H.
Fisher.

Among Microk'pidopfeia Mr. T. A. Lofthouse had taken Perunea mixtana
and Phuxopteryx unguicella on the Cleveland Hills ; Sciuphila simiana had
occurred freely in various woods in the Hudderstield district to Mr. Porritt and
Mr. Morley, and the hitter had also taken Ccrostunia sequella (in great abund-
ance on sycamore trunks), Sfi(jinonofa rvgiunu and Amphysa gerninganu at
Skelmanthorpe. Elachista kdmuiiella was common on Eston moors. In the
early summer larvae of the "winter moths" Phigalia pihsaria, Ilybernia
defoliaria, 21. aunmtiaria, and Cheimatobia brumcita had been exceptionally
abundant, the last mentioned having completely defoliated apple-trees in some
gardens, while those of Tortrix viridana had done the same with oaks in the
woods.

Tn Neuroplera Mr. Poriitt recorded Coniopteryx o/ettrodiformis as fairly
common in two ^voods at Huddersfield, the species only having previously
been recorded in the county from the Cleveland district. Chn/sopa fenella,
after an apparent scarcity f(n- some years, had been abundant again at
Huddersfield.

In Hymenopiera Mr. J. F. Muaham recorded Pvosopis hyalinata and many
other species from Selbv ; and Mr. R. Buttertield had found numerous nests oi
Mynnica ruhva race hbicornh at Grassington and Keigbley, and Tormicoxenm
rdtiduins in nests of Formica rvfa near Hebden Bridge. Also Sphecodes
pilifroHs, S. varieyatus, and S. hyulinatus at Keighley.

In Diptera Mr. Buttertield reported Microdon mutabilis and Ceratopoyon
myrmecophilm from pupae found in nests of Formica f mat at Grassington.

The election of officers for 1919 resulted in the retention of Mr. Porritt as
President and the re-election of all other officers and Committees.

The exhibits showed a tendency towards a further interest among York-
shire entomologists in the "neglected orders" than has heretofore been the
case. This is a very welcome state of affairs, as the distribution of the species
of many orders is .still little known. Among the more interesting insects
shown were : —

Coleoptera.—Uw M. L. Thompson showed Demetrius utricapillus L.,
Sandseud July 1918 ; Tacliinus proximus Kr., Thornton Dale, Sept. 1918 ;
'Lathrohium vmltipunctatwn Grav., Sandsend, July 1918 ; L. geminum Kr.,
Barnard Castle, May 1918 ; Troyophloens eloyiyatulm Er., Barnard Castle, May
1918- Acidota crwente^ct Mann, Stockton-in-Clevelaud, Oct. 1918; Rhizophayus
ferruyinem P^yk., Kildale, May 1918 ; Laria rnfimana Boh., Kildale, May
1918; Trachyphloeus hifoveolatus Beck., Sandsend, July 1918 ; Pissodes notatus
V Kildale May 1918 ; Maydalis armiyera Fourcr., Barnard Castle, May 1918 ;
M.pruni L„ Inglebv-in-Cleveland, June 1918; Hylastes ater Payk., Barnard
Castle, May 1918. i)r. Fordhaui showedi»'emi?VZio« doris Panz. and Molorclms
■minor h., taken at Bubwitb, both new to Yorkshire : Clytus mysticus L., new
to East Yorkshire ; and Byti^cus circmncinctus Ahr., captured m a water-tub.
Mr. Hearst showed Acanthocinus aedilis L., taken at York.

Hymenoptera.—V)x Furdham showed many new county records, of which
a list will appear shortly in " The Naturalist," and also a remarkably small $
Sirer «oc^»'io F. and a specimen of Sirex cyaneus from Micklefield Colliery.
An association of species from Skipwith Commou-Andrena albicans, A. yioy-
nana Nomada succincta, A. bijidn, Sphecodes pilifrons, S. ferruymaius, and
Hydrolaena dentipes- Spatheus exarutor, a Braconid new to Yorkshire, ex ■
L'uninetes coeruleus ; and the Aculeates, Osmia auridenta Panz., O. leiana
Knh CoUetes succinctus L. and Diodontus luperus Shuck., all from liubwith ;
:V1 species of Ichncumonidae, nearly all new to the county, including the rare
M.lanichneumon fataws, Ichneumon yradarius, and Folysphincfa yracihs, all
from the Bubwith district; mmifeles cinyidata and Chstopyya circilator,
both new to the county, from Saxton ; lo species of Sawilies, new to the
county.

Diptera.— A Phora ex Mysia obUterata and Echinomyia yrossa ex
Lasiocampa ruhi.

Qfl [February,

Dr. (.'orbett showed, fvoin the Doiicaster district, ;i uuniber of Sawflies and
Ichiieunjons, etc., among which the folluwinjj;- were new couiity records: —
Ti'nthrcdopsis tUiuc and dorsata, Pachynema'tus Jiaviventris, iJoIcrns haematodes,
Cephioi p(d/ipes, NotozHS pan-^eri. Also a collection of 31 species of Aculeata,
all taken (hiring the past seasiu in a saud-pit near Doncaster, and among
which t'olMvs perdicus, Andietiii dmficidata, and Fatwrgus itrsimis were new to
the county.

Lepidopteru. — Mr. Porritt showed Abraxm i/roimhiriatii, vars. niyra,
iiiyruaparsata, and idrienata-nic/rospar^afa, mostly from wild larvae at
lludderstield in 1918.

Mr. Hewett showed a series of Arctia caja with only slight variation.
These were the only aberrations from about 500 larvae.

Mr. Morley showed Or ambus pinelhis, Sciaijhila sinua/Kt, and Ccrvstovia
nequella from Skelmanthorpe,

At the evening meeting Dr. Corbett read a paper on the recent capture of
Triyuitulys Juilinu near Doncaster (see ** Entomologist," Oct. 1918) ; and there
was a long discussion on the causes and modes of determination of sexual
attractions in Lepidoptera by Messrs. Wm. Hewitt, B. Morley, and .S. Walker.
— 11. H. CoBBETT, Hon. Sec.

Thk South London Entomological and Naiural lli^iTOKY Society :
October -J-it/i, 1918.- The President in the Chair.

The decease of Lieut. J. Bateson, who was killed in France, was
announced.

Mr. Bowman exhibited a nearly jet-black Cyinatophora ocularis from
Chingford. Mr. W. J. Ashdowu, Geotrupes pyrenaeus from Surrey, with a
hue bronze-tinted aberration. Mr. Curwen, the '•' Book of Beautiful Butter-
tiies." Rev. G. Wheeler, Rev. A. T. Stiff, Mr. Sperring, Mr. Buckstone,
Mr. Leeds, Mr. Froiiawli, Mr. Turner, etc., series of Epinephele tithutms.
Mr. Wheeler read a paper: "The Variation in Epmephde tifhonus."

Noveinber 28th, 1918.— The President in the Chair.

Messrs. E. W. Nimmey, F.E.S.. of Watford, and D. C. Johnstone, of
Rayleigh, were elected Members.

Annual Exhibition. --Mr. W. (i. Sheldon exhibited a very long series
of Sarrothripm revayana (undulana), including the forms ramosana, stonana,
dilutana, fusculana, ilicana, afzeliana, lathamiana, undulana, hifasciana, etc.
Mr. AV. J. Lucas, an album of photographs of well-known entomologists in the
field. Mr. R. South, three aberrations of Brenthis selene, for Mr. Penn of Brighton.
Mr. South also showed Mn-'iAtions of Epinep/iele jurtifia and Tricopteryx poly-
commata for Mr. L. Meaden, besides various species of Coleoptera. Mr. W. J.
liucas, five .species of Nemopteruhie (Neuroptera) from the S.E. Mediterranean
district, including Nemoptera simiata, N. bipennix. N. coa, Lertha barbarn, and
Halter pallida. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, series of (1) Euchlo'e cardamines, race
turritis, from Cyprus, with J and J examples of the very small ab. tninor ;

1919.] 37

('2) /'nrnai^siKS apollo, race puniilus, from the Calabrian Mts., S. Italy, a very
local and small race ; (3) Colias edusa, the clear yellow form ab. helicina from
Cyprus, and ab. helice, one with orange hind-wings ; (4) Satyrus briseis, race
fergana, from Cyprus* with the ab. pirata, together with a very small male
from Neu Spondinig; (5) Satyrus jjrieuri from Spain, a species similar to the
last with its parallel ab. nhaf/OHis; (6) Ac/rkules coriclon, the single-brooded
.species from near Florence, with ab. alho-Iunaf.a ; (7) A. aragonensis, the
double-brooded species from the same ground ; (8) Pleheius acgon, race
massei/i, S and $ , from Witherslack ; (9) Coenonympha tiphon, race phi-
loxenus, from Witherslack; (10) Notodonta siczac, a second brood specimen
bred at Redhill, July 31st, 1918 ; (11) Agriades coridon, ab. semi»yngrupha
and ab. roysttmensis from lloyston, ab. j)er-aurantia and ab. irregularis-
oVsoleta from Eeigate ; (12) S(debria semirubeUa (carnella) from Box Hill,
with ab. sanguinella ; (l.'>) examples of Danaida plexippiis (Asia) and
B, urchippus (America), and called attention to the absolute confusion for
the past 150 years in the application of these two names, etc. Mr. J. II.
Carpenter, aberrations of undersides of Agriadps coridon, including many
named forms. Mr, L. W. Newman, (1) long series of the Irish form of
Melitaca aurinin from Tyrone larvae ; (2) curious Aglais urticae and Argynnis
cydippe (adippe) ; (3) aberrations with bleached forms of Triphaena janthina ;
(4) a gynandromorph of Drijas paphia, 3 wings = valezina 1 wing partly
(S pupil ia ; (o) a yellow A gkns tcrticae, bred; (6) long varied series of
A. coridon, C. jyamphihis, and H. jMaeas — (4), (5), and (6) were on behalf
of Mr. Percy Richards. Mr. R. Adkin, (1) Argynnis paphia, a remarkable
aberration ; (2) Peronca variegana, a bred varied series. Mr. L. W. Newman,
for Mr. Oliver, aberrations of (1) A. urticae, from ab. alba to ab. snhnonicolor,
with ab. ichnusa ; (2) Epinephele jurtina ; (3) Ruralis betulae, $ without the
white line underside ; (4) Argynyiis aglaia bleached, and ab. belisaria ;
(o) A. coridon, S 6 , grey, blue, and green forms, and many striking varieties •
(G) Aricia medon, yellow spotted; (7) Celastrina argiolus, true halved gynan-
dromorph (Sutton Park), etc. Mr. Newman, for Mr. Sabine, a large collection
of Noctuae (Ireland, 1918), with a number of racial series and individual aber-
rations. Mr. C, H. Williams, aberrations of A. coridon, including ab. albina,
ab. syngrapha, ab. marginata, etc. Mr. B. W. Adkin, long series to illustrate the
variation in (1) A. paphia ; (2) Eugonia ^wlyrhloros. Mr. Stanley Edwards,
sections of the genus Euploea from India and the Malayan Isls, Mr. H. A.
Leeds, a num])er of individual aberralions of Pararge aegeria, E. jurtina.
E. tithonus, Aphantopus hyperantus, C. pamphilus, A. thetis, Polyommatus iearus
(8 phases), Agriades coridon (19 phases), Aricia medon, Strymon prttni, and
Bithys quercus. Mr. R. Bowman, Numeria puheraria, 2nd brood, August
1918, with much deeper markings than usual ; and Rnmicia phlaeas, ab. eleus,
Horslev, August 1918. For Mr. Ing, he showed Arctia caja, a varied bred series,
Mr. F. W. Frohawk, (1) Brenthis etiphrosyne, showing variation in coalescence
of spotting ; (2) Enchloe carda^nines, variation in colour and size of apical and
discoidal markings, etc.; (3) Chrysophcmus dispar, c?, symmetrically white-
marked wings, bred by Doubleday ; (4) two Issoria lathonia, Colchester, 1818.
Rev. G. Wheeler, Pararge megaera, 5, ab. mediolugens, near Guildford, 1918:
and Itumicia phlaeas, ab. saffasa, ab. cue~rideo-punctata, and ab. intermedia.
Mr. RicheSj a series of aberrations of Abraxas grossulariata from N. London.

38

[February,

Mr. A. A. Buckstone, (1) Hygrochroa syringaria, bred series of specimens with
abnormal wings. Mr. II. Moore, Atiosia urchijipus, racial forms from areas
ranging from Canada to the Argentine. ReA'. J. S. Tarbat, for Mr. Burras,
(1) Dry as puphia, mnch coalesced and suffused examples ; (2) A. eydippe
(pale); (3) Fhmgmatobia fuliginom (yellow); (4) Lithosia deplana (very
dark); (5) Calymnia irapezina (extremes of aberration). Rev. A. T. Stiff",
(1) Amorpha populi, buff" and pink form; (2) Saturnia pavonia, with pink
marginal band on hind wings; (3) Arctia villica, 5, with confluent spots and
hind wings almost devoid of markings ; (4) Arctia caja, S salmon-pinic,
J yellow, S pink-yellow and confluent spots, several with dark fore wings;
(5) C. pamphilus, with extra ocelli below, etc. Mr. Ashdown, long series of
aberrations of Adalia^ hipunctata (Coleopt.). Dr. T. A. Chapman, Orgyia
vetusta, California, a long, variable, bred series, with O. antiqna, O. splendida,
and O. aifrolimbata for comparison. Mr. G. Fryer, Scodiona fag aria (belyiaria).
a melanic example ; and PoIyom7naUis icarus, a striated form. Captain B. S.
Curwen, a number of species of British Fossorial i2//?«eH0/j<« a, including the
rare Methoca icJmeumonides. Mr. W. West, for the Society, the Collection
of Canadian Lepidoptera. Mr. L. Tatchell, (I) Dryas paphia, with heavy
markings ; (2) E. polychloros, with light underside ; (3) A. urticae, ab. polaris,
bred ; (4) Agriopis aprilina, typical, melanic, and ab. viryata ; the exotic
Pierid Hebomoia glaucippe, India, with races aiistralis (S. India), sumatranus,
celebensis, and Javanensis. Mr. A. W. Buckstone, for Mr. Pugsley, PluteJld
cruciferarmn, bred, from wild seakale. Mr. A. Butterfleld, Teracobis evanthe,
Madagascar, three forms of the 5 > the J and a rare aberration of the S with
apical blotch clear lemon-yellow. Mr. W. J. Kaye, a very fine graduated
series of Heliconius 7nelpo7ne7te, to show the range of the lines of variation,
local, aberrational, and developmental, illustrated by the named forms.

December I2th, 1918.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Aslidown exhibited Nenroptera from the late Mr. C. A. Briggs's collec-
tion, including Perla maxima, F. cephalotes, Chloroperla gra7nmatica, Nemoura
variegata, Isopteryx tripimctata, etc., and presented them to the Society's
cabinets. He also showed A-arious species of the Coleoptera taken by him in
Surrey in 1918. Mr. R. x\dkin, several species of Tortrices, bred from larvae
feeding on ivy along the parades at Eastbourne, T. forsterana, C. podana,
and T. pronubana. Mr. R. Bowman, a Tephrosia bistortata with dark suttiised
marginal area. Mr. Barnett, a very variable series of Bryophila perla from
Warrington. Mr. B. W. Adkin, Dryas paphia, showing aberration in colora-
tion, marking, size, and shape of wing. Mr. W. West, the rare Coleopteron
Amarochara bonnairei from Box Hill, not taken since 1863 by Dr. Power. JMr. H.
J. Turner, a long series of the Lycaenid Chilades trochilus from Cyprus, one of
the smallest species of Rhopalocera ; also a series of Hydroecia critianensis
from Ireland, with several of the named forms sent him by Mr. Greer.
Mr. A. A. W. Buckstone, several series of Agriades coridon, and contributed a
note on the dwarf local race taken on the N. Downs during the past two years.
Several members gave notes on the season. Hibernia defoliaria had been seen
as early as September 23rd in Surrey. — Hv. J. Tubnkh, Hon. Editor of
Proceedings.

1919.1 39

Entomological Society of London : Wednesda;/, October 27id, 1918,
Dr. C. J. Gauan, M.A., President, in the Chair^

Dr. Cliapmau exhibited a bred specimen of Lycaena alcon, probably the
first example that has been bred, certainly the first from larvae taken in
the autumn, and made observations on its life-history. Mr. Donisthorpe,
a specimen of the common Cockroach [Blatta orientalis) taken under bark of
oak in the New Forest, far away from any houses, July 29th, 1918. Also a
curious ergatandromorph of Myrmica sulcinodis taken on Bloxworth Heath,
from the collection of the late Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge. Mr. Hugh Main, the
three larval skins of Bytiscus mnrginalis, prepared for demonstration purposes.

The following paper was read, the author illustrating his subject with
photographs shown in the epidiascope : — " Notes on Australian Sawfiies,
especially ' Authors' Types ' and the Specimens in the British Museum of
Natural History and the Hope Collection in the Oxford University Museum,
with Diagnostic Synopses of the Genera and Species," by the Rev. F. D.
Morice, M.A., F.E.'s.

Wednesday, October \Q>th, 1918.— Dr. S. A. Neave, M.A., F.Z.S., Vice-
President, in the Chair.

Mr. E. E. Green exhibited specimens of a rare Coccid {Kermes quercus)
taken on the stem of a single oak, at Selbj^ (Yorkshire) ; the species had
been seen on two or three occasions only, apparently in the Loudon district ;
they were found to be associated witli dense groups of adventitious buds on
the stems of the tree, and were extraordinarily like the buds themselves
Mr. W. G. Sheldon, specimens of Eupithecia helveticata, var. urceuthata Frey,
and a living larva from Surrey, and made observations thereon. Mr. W. J.
Kaye, a remarkable new form of Heliconms erato, for which he proposed the
name e.vtrema ; it formed a connecting-link between H. erato chestertoni and
H. erato colomhiana. Mr. Hugh Main, as transparencies in the epidiascope, the
larval skins of Dytiscus marginalis, which had been handed round at the meetino-
on October 2nd.

Wedjxefday, November 6th, 1918. — The President in the Chair.

Special Meeting.— The Treasurer formally proposed to delete Clause 5
of Ch. viii, and to substitute : " The Council shall nominate a chartered or
incorporated Accountant annually, who shall audit the Treasurer's accounts.
The Auditor shall be paid for his services a fee, the amount of which shall be
agreed by the Council on behalf of the Society. The Treasurer shall furnish
the Accountant with all the facilities he may require for auditing the accounts."
The Treasurer having fully explained his reasons for proposing this alteration,
it was seconded by Dr. Chapman and carried ne^n. con.

Ordinary Meeting. — The Rev. Fr. O'Neil, S.J., Salisbury, Rhodesia ;
Messrs. Ernest William Nimmy, 210 Whippendell Road, Watford, Herts ;
R. Stanway Parris, 6 High Street, Bishop's Stortford : the Rev. Alfred T.
Stiff, Grantham, Victor Drive, Leigh-on-Sea ; Capt. William Henry Tapp,
F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., and Mrs. Eleanor Eva Tapp, of Loos, 88 Wickham Way.

A(i [Febrnary,

Beckenham, Kent; and the Rev. E. Adrian Woodniffe-Peacock, F.L.S., F.G.S.,
Cadney Vicarage, Brigg, Lincolnshire, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Lucas exhibited Orthoptera from Salonica, sent by Mr, P. J. Barraud,
and made observations on them. Captain Burr, a series of Orthoptera from
Macedonia. Dr. F. A. Dixey, males and females of Glutophrissa epaphia
and Pinacopteryx sahina, with outline drawings of their scent-scales. Mr. H.
DoUman, two series of some thirty specimens each of bred Charaxes: they
represented two distinct species of the " etheocles " groiip, the one having
the $ form of manica Trimen (resembling small $ bohemani), the other
having the $ form of phmus Hew. (resembling small S bohemani).
Lord Rothschild, a series of a local race of Precis octavia from Tembora,
Bahr-el-Gazal, and drew attention to the extraordinary number of intei-
mediate specimens among the series of the dry-season form — 14 out of 16.
Also a series of wet- and dry-season forms with intermediates of Precis octnvia
octavia Cram, and Precis octavia sesamus Trimen, from West and South Africa
respectively, for comparison.

The following paper was read: — '^ Butterfly Vision," by H. Eltriiigham,
M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S. This was illustrated by the author by means of the
epidiascope with drawings and photographs showing the way in which
images of surrounding objects were presented to the view of insects, and
also illustrating experiments on the colour-perception of butterflies, from which
it seemed certain that colours appear to them as they do to us.

Wednesday/, November 'HQth, 1918. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Joseph ITerrod-Hempsall, Orchard House, Stockingstone Road, Round
Green, Luton, Beds, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

The following list of Fellows nominated by the Council to hold office
during the ensuing year was read : — President, Comm. James J. Walker,
M.A., R.N., F.L.S. Treasurer, W. G. Sheldon. Secretaries, Rev. George
Wheeler, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Dr. S. A. Neave, M.A., F.Z.S. Librarian,
George Charles Champion, F.Z.S., A.L.S. Other Members of Council, E. C.
Bedwell; G, T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S.; Kenneth G. Blair, B.Sc. ;
Malcolm Cameron, M.B., R.N. ; W. C. Crawley, B.A. ; J. Hartley Durrant ;
Dr. II. Eltriugham, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Dr. C. J. Gaban, M.A. ; Dr. A. D. Imms,
B.A., F.L.S. ; Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, F.Z.S. ; Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A. :
Herbert E, Page.

3Ir. Arthur Dicksee exhibited three specimens of a new race of Morpho
eiKjenia from Colombia, from which it was hitherto unknown, together with
two Morpho eugenia from French Guiana, and one Morpho adonis from French
Guinea, and another from the Lower Amazons, for comparison. Capt. Purefoy,
a score of home-bred Lycaena arion, together with their pupa cases. Mr. W.
J. Kaye, six female Mechanitis polymnia from the Berbice River, caught at
Friendship in July 1914 by Mr. H. C. Patoir, which all showed a very con-
siderable darkening of the outer lialf of the hind wing, one in particular having
the whole outer half black.

The following paper was read :— ''The Hymenoptera of Fi ji," by Rowland
E. ■ruvner. F.E.S.

1»19.] 41

Wednesday, December ith, 1918. — The President in the Chair.

Messrs. Anderson Ferg-usson, 22 Polworth Gardens, Glasgow, W.; George
Grace, B.Sc, A.R.C.Sc, Inglenook, Utley, Keighley, Yorks, and R V. Isaacs,
B.A., Assistant Entomologist to the Madras Agricultural College and Research
Institute, Coiuibatore, India, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. W. J. Lucas exhibited Neuroptera from Salonica, sent to him by
Mr. P. J. Barraud in 1916-1918. Prof. Poulton gave an account of the
deeply interesting observations made at Tanga, late German East Africa, on
August 5th, 1918, by Mr. W. A. Lamborn, on the relation of the anal tufts
to the brands of the bind wings observed and the scent perceived in a male
Danaine butterfly, in continuation of his S. Nigerian investigations and those
of Capt. Carpenter. He also said that he had received notes from Mr. C. B.
Williams, who bad written from the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad,
B.W.I., giving a suggested interpretation of the special attacks made by blood-
sucking Diptera on new-comers into tlie Tropics and of their gradual di mi na-
tion. The President exhibited a Chalcid, Tun/mits eleyans Borkh., sent to him
by the Rev. E. A. WoodrufEe-Peacock, which had emerged from a rosaceous
seed which had passed through the alimentary canal of a blackbird, tugetlier
with the seed from which it had appeared. Mr. L. B. Prout, on belnlf of
Mr. J. J. Joicey, species of the geims Castnia and a mimetic Ilesperiid,
including several new or doubtful forma of Castnia, not yet fully worked out.

The following paper was read : — " IS otes on a large Heliconine Collection
made in French Guiana in 1917, compared with a similar Collection made in
1915." by J. J. Joicey, F.E.S., and W.J. Kaye, F.E.S.— Geo. Wheelkh,
Kon. Secretary.

THE GENUS DIAN0U8 Samouelle, AS REPRESENTED IN INDIA AND
CHINA [COLEOPTERA].

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Early last year my eldest son, H. G. C, sent me a tube containing
a very large number of unmounted Dianous, representing nine or ten
species, from W. Almora, Northern India. Subsequently, at my request,
he has obtained, with the assistance of a native collector, still further
material, including several additional species, and more examples of ?on\ii
of the otliers of which one or two onlj'' had been found in the first con-
signment. The extraordinary development of tliis Staphylinid-geuus in
a limited region on the southern slope of the Himalayas is very ]"e-
markable, showing how little we know about the actual number of
existing species of at least one well-known genus of Coleoptera. The
total rmmber of described Dianous from the whole world, so far as can
be ascertained at the present moment, is six — one holarctic, one from
N. America, thx*ee from Sikkim (all represented in the series before me),
and one from Burma. The Almora material includes sixteen species,
one only of which is based on a single example, the others being mostly

^2 [February,

in long series, two, for some uriaccotrntabliB reason, in far greater numbers
than the rest. My son notes that " the proper home of these Indian
insects is undoubtedly about the headwaters of the mountain-streams,
■where the volume of water is less and the fall steeper, so that the spray
is sprinkled over the mossy boulders on which the Dianous are to be
found, at elevations between 6000 and 9000 feet, stray specimens only
occurring lower down the streams." Dianous is evidently far better
represented than Stenus in the hilly regions of Northern India, com-
paratively few species of the latter genus, and these mostly in very
limited numbers, having been obtained as yet in Almora ; but this may
b» due to the fact that very few Sieni are found about running water,
at least in Europe, S. guynemeri Jacq. Duv. (a very rugose insect,
not unlike some of the Indian Dianous) and 8. quttula Miill. being,
perhaps, the best known examples.

The specimens sent (upwards of 500 in all), with the exception of
one or two of each species mounted in India, were all forwarded in glass
tubes, in diluted spirit, and they arrived in perfect safety. Those taken
from the tubes were in excellent condition for mounting and immediate
study, many of the males having the genital armatm*e extruded, so that
this portion of their structure could be seen in a number of the species
without dissection. The armature of the nine examined affords four
types of aedeagus or median lobe (simply pointed in six of the species,
and broad to the apex and otherwise shaped in each of the remaining
three) and less marked differences in the form of the very long, slender,
ciliate lateral lobes.

I am indebted to Mr. H. E. Andrewes and Fleet-Surgeon M.
Cameron for the loan of the types and co-types of D. andrewesi and
D. versicolor. The types of the others here described will be placed in
the British Museum, which has not hitherto possessed a single represen-
tative of the genus Dianous from India, The dates of capture quoted
have been taken from the mounted set, no record having been kept by
me for the remainder.

The opportmiity is here taken of inserting at the end of this paper
a description of a new species of the same genus from Che-kiang China.

Table of the N. Indian Species <?/" Dianous.

Elytra densely, very finely, unilbrmly punctured, alutaceous, the vestiture
somewhat variegate, tending to form spots or sinuous fasciae on disc.
Prothorax quadrinodose, deeply excavate laterally, the convex portion of
the disc shining, sparsely, minutely punctured ; upper surface of body
greenisli or brassy.

1919.] ^3

Fourth tafsal joiut unilobed and penicillate at tip ; elytral depressions

deep , versicolor Cam.

Fourth tarsal joint simply penicillate at tip j elytral depressions shallow.

annandahi Bernh.

Prothorax at most binodose near base, more closely aud more coarsely
punctured.
Elytral depi-essions deep ; upper surface of body bluish-black.

viaequaltt, n. sp,

Elytral depressions shallow.

Upper surface shining, brassy or golden, head blue, elytra caeruleo-

fasciate caernleonotatus, n. sp.

Upper surface dull, greenish ; prothorax densely scabroso-punctate.

scahricoUis, n. sp.

Upper surface dull, leaden-black ; ventral segments cyaneous, with

smooth median space cyanogasUr, n, sp.

Upper surface more shining, bluish-black ; ventral segments cyaneous,

uniformly punctate punctiventris, n. sp.

Elytra more coarsely punctured, in part vorticose ; upper surface black or
brassy (head aud prothorax cyaneous in lobiyerus, var.).
Fourth tarsal joint with long, narrow lobes ; antennae very elongate.

lobigeni^, n. sp.

Fourth tarsal joint with short, narrow lobes.

Elytra with a small dull luteous spot distigma, n. sp.*

Elytra immaculate cameroni, n. sp.

Fourth tarsal joint simply excavate at tip above, that of the anterior and
intermediate pairs tending to become sub-bilobed.
Tarsi very long and slender; elytra densely sculptured; upper siuvfice

metallic andrezvesi Cam.

Tarsi shorter and less slender.

Elytra coarsely vorticose ; head broad ; eyes large ; upper surface

shining, usually black radiatua, n. sp.

Elytra more finely vorticose.
Species larger.
Prothorax somewhat coarsely, irregularly punctured ; upper surface

shining tortuostcs, n. sp.

Prothorax finely, densely punctured ; upper surface duller.

subvorticosus, n, sp.

Species smaller, with brassy upper surface ; head rather small.

Antennae elongate aereus, n. sp.

Antennae comparatively short minor, n. sp.

1. — Dianous versicolor.

Dianous versicolor Cameron, Trans, Ent, Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 533.

Sah. India, Lebong in Sikkim, alt. 5000 ft, {type, J, in coll.
Cameron), W. Almora {R. G. O, : vi.l918 : <? ).

• D. veriicoaus Epp., from Burma, must be allied to D. iiatigma : it is nigro-oyaaeous in colour,
with a shining, rounded, reddish spot on each elytron.

AA [February,

A male from Almora, agreeing with the type, except in the greener,
non-violaeeous colour of the upper surface. The following characters,
fciken from the two specimens before me, supplement the author's
description : — Fourth tarsal joint produced beneath the fifth into a
single narrow lobe (formed by a prolongation of the outer portion of
the emarginate apex), which is clothed at the tip with a pencil of long
hairs, the latter reaching nearly as far as the apex of the terminal joint ;
ventral abdominal segments 1-3 with an almost smooth glabrous space
down the middle; dorsal segment 6 with some. rather coarse scattered
punctures. The almost smooth, shining, quadrinodose, obliquely latero-
excavate, basally subcarinate prothorax, and the four rather deep excava-
tions on each elj'tron, are conspicuous characters. The seventh abdominal
segment, from a plate at tlie sides of which the long anal brushes * arise,
is withdrawn into the sixth in the type, the " last ventral " of Cameron's
description being the penultimate. D. versicolor is extremely like the
insect identified by nie as I). annandaJei Bernh., and the differences are
noted in the remarks on that species.

2. — Dianous annandaJei.

Diano7is onnandalei Bernh. Ent. Blatt. vii, p. 57 (1913).

Obscure greenish-aeneous, the antennae and palpi black ; alutaceous, tlie
prothorax much smoother aud sliiuing ; thickly clothed (the prothorax ex-
cepted) with very line udpressed pubescence, which is cinereous on the legs
aud under surface, mid variegate on the elytra, showing a tendency to form
three cinereous spots across ilie middle of the disc. Head broad, very densely,
miiuitely punctate, the intrn-oculnr depressions shallow, foveiform, and some-
Avhat widely separated; eyes moderately large; antennae long, Prothorax
about as long as broad, rather narrow, arcuately dilated at the sides anteriorly,
and constricted before the base, the hind angles somewhat prominent; carinate,
riigosely punctate, and depiessed at the base ; very deeply, obliquely, angulato-
excavate on each side a little behind the middle — the excavation limited
anteriorly and posteriorly by a smooth, conspicuous, tuberculiform prominence,
— and also deeply, obliquely grooved laterally before the basal margin ; the
convex portion of the disc sparsely, minutely punctate. Elytra subqiuidrate,
wider than the head, nearly twice as long as the protliorax, and a little longer
tlian broad ; very densely, minutely punctate, shallowly, long-itudinally de-
pressed near the suture anteriorh' and witliiu the somewhat swollen humeri,
tlio rest of the surface also uneven, two or three shallow depressions being
vi-<ible in certain lights. Abdomen densely, minutely punctate, the last two
segments with rathor co'u-se scattered punctures ; ventral segments 1-4 with a
broad space down the middle, and the basal half of G, smooth and glabrous,
5 and 6 with some yellowish hairs at the apex ; anal brushes long. Fourth
tarsal joint not lobed, but with a pencil of long hairs at the tip.

* Some autliors use the term "anal style " for these appendages, -vrhich in Dianous are formed
by a V'enoil of long matted haii"8.

1919.] 45

(f. Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate. Genital armature
(fig. 1) : lateral lobes very long, slender, slightly sinuate, set with several
long, projecting hairs on the inner edge towards the apex; median lobe
drawn out into a long, slender point at the tip.

Length 8-8i mm. ( (S 2 •)

Hah. India, W. Almora (R. G. C).

One pair, agreeing with Bernhauer's description of D. annandalei
in the rugosely punctured, mesially carinate base of the prothorax and
other particulars. His type, from Kurseong, was rather smaller (length
7 mm.). The peculiar sculpture of the prothorax, the shallower elytral
depressions, and the simply excavate, non-lobate fourth tarsal joint,
separate the insect before me from the very closely allied Z>. versicolor
Cameron. A detailed description of the Almora specimens is given, as
both authors have omitted to note the venti'al and tarsal characters.

3. — Dianous inaeqiialis, n. sp.

Nigro-cyaneous, the elytra and abdomen with a faint brassy suffusion, the
palpi and antennae black; moderately shining, finely pubescent, the prothorax
almost glabrous. Head broad, densely, very finely punctate, the intra-ocular
grooves deep ; eyes not very large ; antennae long. Prothorax narrov/, as long
as broad, the sides rounded anteriorly and sinuously converging towards the
base ; closely, coarsely, irregularly punctate, the punctures sometimes absent
along the centre posteriorly ; deepl}', obliquely sulcate, or angulato-excavate,
on each side behind the middle, and also obliquely grooved laterally before the
base, the submedian sulci more or less conflueut on the disc, and the raised
space in froiit of the latero-basal groove someAvhat nodose at its inner ex-
tremity. Elytra wider than tiie head, longer than broad; alutaceous, densely,
very finely punctate, strongly, irregularly plicate, the tumid portions of the
surface more or less sinuous and separated by rather broad, depressed spaces.
Abdomen closely, minutely punctate ; ventral segments 1-4 and G with a
polished glabrous space down the middle; anal brushes very long. Fourth
tarsal joint without lobes.

(S . Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate.

Length 7-7^ mm.

Ilab. India, W. Almora (R. G. C. : vi.l918).

Three males. This insect has the elytra still more uneven than
in Z>. versicolor Cameron, and the prothorax sculptured much as in
D. caeruleonotatus, the general coloration being darker — nigro-cyaneous
with a faint brassy suffusion, except on the head.

4. — Dia7ious caeruleonotatus, n. sp.

Brassy, brassy-green, or golden, the head, a transverse or arcuate patch on
the elytra just beyond the middle and a streak on the inflexed margin, the

46 [February,

apical dorsal aeginents of the abdoinen, and under surface blue ; shining, very
tinely pubescent, the prothorax almost glabrous. Head moderately broad,
transverse, densely, finely punctate, the intra-ocular grooves rather broad and
deep ; eyes not very large ; antennae long. Prothorax narrow, about as long
as broad, the sides rounded anteriorly and sinuously converging towards the
base ; closely, rather coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming coarser behind,
and sometimes wanting along a short, smooth median line at the base ; deeply,
obliquely sulcate on each side behind the middle, the sulci confluent on the
disc. Elytra as long as broad, wider than the head ; alutaceous, densely, finely
punctate, excavate near the suture anteriorly and also within the tumid humeri,
the area covered by the blue fascia also somewhat depressed. Abdomen
closely, minutely, the penultimate dorsal segment a little more coarsely, punc-
tate ; ventral segments 1-4 and 6 with a polished glabrous space down the
middle ; anal brushes long. Fourth tarsal joint without lobes.

c?. Sixth ventral segment emarginate. Genital armature (fig. 2) : lateral
lobes very long, slender, almost straight, set with a few projecting hairs on the
inner edge at the tip ; median lobe pointed at the apex.

Length 6^-8 j mm. ( d $ •)

Kah. India, W. Almora {R. O. C. -. m.l918).

Thirty specimens. Separable from D. versicolor and annandalei
by the less transverse, deeply bisulcate, blue head ; the rather coarsely
punctured, non-nodose, less dilated prothorax ; the more shining,
caeruleo-fasciate, more distinctly punctured elytra ; and the closer and
finer puncturing o£ the penultimate dorsal abdominal segment. The
median lobe of the <S aedeagus is less acuminate at the tip than
in B. annandalei. The head is constantly blue, but the metallic
coloration of the rest of the upper surface is somewhat variable in tint,
the abdomen being sometimes greenish, or brassy with the transverse
sulci blue.

5. — Dianous scahricollis, n. sp. *

Brassy or bronze-green above, blue beneath, the antennae and palpi black ;
aubopaque, alutaceous, clothed (the prothorax excepted) with fine pubescence,
which is variegate on the elytra and condensed into two or three bluish or
green patches across the middle of the disc j densely, very finely punctate, the
puncturing of the prothorax distinctly coarser and more rugose than that of
the head or elytra, that of the sixth abdominal segment also rather coarse.
Head broad, the intra-ocular grooves short, not very deep, distant ; eyes
moderately large; antennae long. Prothorax rather narrow, barely as long
as broad, rounded at the sides anteriorly, constricted before the base ; with a
deep oblique groove on each side of the disc. Elytra wider than the head,
subquadrate, as long as broad ; longitudinally depressed along the suture
anteriorly and also within the humeri. Ventral segments 1-3 with a narrow,
almost impunctate, glabrous space down the middle. Tarsi slender, the fourth
joint small, without lobes.

1919.) ■ 47

cJ . Sixth veutral segment feebly triangularly eniarginate, and the seventh
truncate, at the apex. Anal brushes moderately long.

2- Seventh ventral segment with two dentiform prominences in the
centre at the tip. Anal brushes shorter, and composed of finer and fewer hairs,

Length 5-6 mm.

Kah. India, W. Almora {R. O. C. : viii.1917 and vi.l918).

Seven specimens. Smaller and less shining than D. caeruleo-
notatus ; the protliorax densely and much more finely punctured ; the
elytra sculptured and variegate much as in D. annandalei, the markings
less distinct and the puncturing finer than in D. caeruleonotatus ; the
tarsi more slender. The three females, if their sex has been rightly
identified by me without dissection, have shorter and more slender anal
brushes than the males.

6. — Dianoiis cyanogaster, n. sp.

Robust, above subopaque, leaden-black, with a faint bluish lustre in
certain lights, beneath biilliaut cyaneous, the palpi and antennae black ;
densely, very finely punctate, the puncturing of the prothorax a little sparser
on the middle of the disc ; clothed (the prothorax included) with fine pubes-
cence, which is in great part cinereous, giving a variegate appearance to the
raised portions of the elytra. Head moderately broad, the intra-ocular grooves
deep ; eyes rather small ; antennae not very long. Prothorax much narrower
than the head, about as long as broad, arcuately dilated at the sides anteriorly
and constricted before the base ; with a deep oblique groove on each side of
the disc behind the middle, bordered posteriorly by a conspicuous ridge —
which appears nodose at its inner extremity as seen from above, — and a more
or less distinct (rarely obsolete) tine median carina at the base. Elytra large,
Bubquadrate, much wider than the head, about as long as broad ; longitudinally
depressed along the suture anteriorly and within the humeri, and with one or
two other obliquely placed depressions on the apical half, the intervening spaces
appearing sinuously swollen. Ventral segments 1-4 with a glabrous impunc-
tate space down the middle ; anal brushes long. Legs moderately long, not
very slender, the tarsi comparatively stout, joint 4 without lobes.

cJ. Fifth ventral segment feebly, and the sixth triangularly, emarginate,
the fifth depressed in the middle behind. Genital armature (fig. 3) : lateral
lobes long^, slender, compressed, slightly sinuate, set with several long haira
at the apex within ; median lobe drawn out into a long point.

Length 7-8 mm. (J$.)

Hal. India, W. Almora (jET. G. C. : vi.l918).

Sixteen specimens. Distinguishable amongst the allied Indian
forms by its robust build, comparatively short antennae and legs, dull
leaden-black, densely, finely punctate upper surface, cinereo- variegate,
uneven elytra, brilliant blue, unequally punctured ventral surface, etc.
The genital armature is very like that of D. caeruleonotatus.

4.8 [February,

7. — Bianous punciiventris, n. sp.

Extremely like D. ct/anog aster, nigro-cyaneoua above, cyaneous beneath ;
the upper surface more shining, the puncturing a little more diffuse, that of
the prothorax much coarser and not so close, tlie ridge behind the oblique
grooves on the latter less prominent ; the elytra veith a broad transverse
depression behind the two longitudinal ones, the former bordered by a curved
sinuous line of cinereous pubescence; the ventral surface closely, uniformly
punctate.

J . Fifth ventral segment depressed down the middle from a little b^low
the base and triangularly emarginate at the apex, the sixth with a deeper
triangular emargiuation.

Length 6^-7^ mm. {6 2-)

Hal. India, W. Almora (H". G. C: iv.1918).

Five examples. Separable from both D. cyanogaster and D. in-
aequalis by the uniformly punctured ventral surface, there being no
trace of an impunctate glabrous median area in D. punctiventris. The
head and elytra are a little broader, the prothorax is more rounded at
the sides anteriorly and less shining, the elytral depressions are shallower,
and the antennae distinctly shorter, than in D. inaequalis.

8. — Dianous loligerus, n. sp.

Aeneous or greenish-aeneous, the head, prothorax, abdomen, and under
surface sometimes with a faint bluish suffusion, the antennae and palpi blnck ;
shining, sparsely, finely pubescent (the prothorax excepted). Head broad,
densely, finely punctate, the intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes not very large ;
antennae extremely long, about reaching the middle of the elytra. Prothorax
a little longer than broad, rounded at the sides, constricted before the base ;
densely, rather coarsely, irregularly punctate, the punctures obliquely or trans-
versely confluent; sulcate for a short distance at the middle of the disc, and
with an angular excavation on each side of this, and somewhat depressed at
the base. Elytra wider than the head, longer than broad, rounded at the sides
posteriorly ; depressed along the suture anteriorly, within the humeri, and
behind the middle ; densely, rather coarsely, rugosely punctate, the punctures
obliquely or sinuously confluent on the depressed area on the disc and trans-
versely so near the basal portion of the suture, the tumid space exterior to
this a little smoother than the adjacent surface. Abdomen densely, minutely,
the penultimate dorsal segment more coarsely, punctate ; ventral segments 1-3
with a bare, smooth space down the middle, 5 clothed with rather long
yellowish hairs at the apex ; anal brushes long. Fourth tarsal joint bilobed,
the lobes long and narrow.

(J . Sixth ventral segment deeply, triangularly emarginate, the seventh
sharply dentate at each outer angle. Genital armature (fig. 4) : lateral lobes very
long, slender, widened towards the apex, ciliate within ; median lobe rapidly
narrowed, pointed at tip.

Var, Cyaneous, the elytra brassy.

Length 6^-7^ mm. ( J 2 •)

J^ SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated 'by Eight Platea
issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for Maroh, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the publishers.

THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

(ODONATA or PARANEUROPTERA)
By II. J. TILLYARD, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., F.E.S.

Domy 8vo. pp. sii + 398. With 4 plates and 188 text-figures. 15s net.

Cambridge Zoological Skbies.-
'No.cr hrfore has the group received such detailed and well-balanced
tr.jatiiient as Mr Tillyard has given. . . . Students of the anatomy and
development of insects are much indebted to him for providing in this con-
venient form a triistwortliy guide to the external and internal structure of
c'i'agonfiit'w at various', Kt:i<_;-i ^< of their life-histories." — Nature

J 'r^i.'^ pectus on aiyplicatioii
Cambridge University Press, Fetter Lane, London, E.G. 4, C. F. Clay, Manager

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA,

OABABTDAE.

OMOPHaosr

limbatuni Fabr.
N'OTlOPHILUiS

biguttatus Fabr.
DYSCHiaiUS

nitidus Dej.

salinus Sdhaum.

globosus Hrbst.

liAEMOSTENUS
cornplanatus Dej.

oPHOBRTJS

'n'.liiius Linn.
BalL

OAX.ATHUS

cr-.uoasicns Chaud.
|i;>.v'.ii>os Goese.

'-::■:. hlH Sahl.

GHUS
li^vis Scha]].

T. rutitiiorax.

Vol. 1, No, 4-.

c o IS" a: ID TsT 'r s .
ajntchomenus

assimilis Payk.

cj-aneiis Pej.
AGONUM
' sexpimcitatum Linn.

maiginatnm Linn.

muilerii Hrbst.

scitulum Dej.
CLIBAWABIIJS

dorsalis Pontopp.

PTKROSTICHUS

ninibatus Moraw.
e.uryniorixha Tsch.
depressidorsi,s Rttr.
findelii Dej.
;deg-lerii Duft.
metallicns Fabr.
panzerii Panz.
fasciatopunctatus
justusii Eedt. [Creiitz.'
dufourii Dej.
ambiguus Fairm.
rhilenais Ettbg.
swaneticus Ettr.
inomiosus Ciiaud.

GABABIDAE.

PlUCE $1.

PTEKOSTICHUS

reiserii Gangl.
validiusculus Chaud.
cavicasicus Men.
bicolor Arag.
cribratus Dej.
variolatus Dej.
fossulatus Quons.
ABAX

passerinii Dej.

PSEUD OPERCUS
politus Dej.

MOLOPR
elatus Fabr.
piceus Panz.

TAWYTHEIX

senilis Scliaum.

CORSYRA
fusula Fiscli.

MASOREirS

• aegyjitiacus Fej.

LEBIA

c'hl.-vocepliala Hoifm,

IRA ILL'

rico.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Note on Apanteles glomeratus, a Bracomd parasite of the larva of Pieria

brasstcae (coricluded). — J. Bronte Gatenhy, B.A., B.Sc 25

New and little-known saltatorial Dascillidae : supplementary note. — 0. C.

Champion, F.Z. 8 26

Twenty-five Years in South Devon. A Lepidopterist's retrospect. — C. M.

Mayor 28

Paraphytosus : a correction. — ikf. Cameron, M.B,, B.N., F.E.8 32

Bryocharis (Megacronus) analis Payk, var. merdaria Gyll. in Wales. — E. A.

Newbery.. , 32

Gerris asper Fab. in Norfolk.— G. E, Hn tdiinson 33

The range of Plusia moneta in Britain. — C Nicholson, F.E.S 33

Bombus terrestris L. in New Zealand. — Id 33

The " singing " of Syrphus ribesii while at rest. — E. F. Wallis 33

Societies. — Yorkshire Naturalists' Union : Entomological Section. Annual

Meetings 34

South London Entomological Society 36

Entomological Society of London 3ft

The genus Dianous Samouelle, as represented in India and China [Coleoptera]. —

G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 41

THE NATURA.LIST:

A MONTHLT ILLUSTRATED .TOURNAL OF

NATUKAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OP ENGLAND

EDITED BY

T. SHEPPARD, M.Sc, F.G.S,, F.R.G.S., F.S.A.Scot.,

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AND

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WITH THE AS8ISTANCB AS KEyEKEES IN SPECIAL DKPAHTMEMT8 07

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Prof. P. F. KENDALL, M.Sc, F.G.S. JOHN W. TAYLOR, M.Sc,
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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
S iuare, "VV.— March 5th, 19th, April 2nd, 1919.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on'Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting, nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at V p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

The Chair will be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7 p.m.
on the 1st and 3rd Tixesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
Circus, E.C., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now stajdng in this country, and to give them the benefit of its library and
collections. Commimications should be addi-essed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.G.

Hon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Qaeen's Grove Road, Chingford, N,E,

Chimjford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

Hub. India, W. Almora {R. O. C: vi.l918: c^ $;^, Shillong in
Assam {F. TV. C. : var., 6 )• ""^:Z!.iiL-

/

Six specimens, the d" from Assam differenth' coloured, but agreeing
in other respects with those from Almora. Separable from D. andrewesi
by the strongly bilobed fourth tarsal joint, the still longer antennae, the
slightly smaller eyes, the rather coarser, less densely punctured pro-
thorax, the more uneven, less rugose elj'tra, the peculiarly scul25tured
ventral surface, and the pronounced 6 - characters. The Assam example
was sent me some years ago by my second son, who is also on Government
service in India.

9. — DianoHS distigma, n. sp.

Erassy-black above, steel-blue beneath, the elytra each with a very small,
rounded, dull, luteous spot, the antennae and palpi black ; shining, sparsely,
finely pubescent. Head much wider than the prothorax, closely punctate, the
intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes large ; antennae long. Prothorax narrow,
rounded at the sides, constricted posteriorly ; densely, rather coart-ely,
irregularly punctate, sulcate do\^^l the middle towards the base, and with a
deep oblique excavation on each side of this, and also obliquely grooved
laterally in front of the basal margin. Elytra wider than the bead, a little
longer than broad, rounded at the sides posteriorly ; depressed along the suture
anteriorly, within the humeri, and behind the middle ; coarsely, closely punc-
tate, the punctures more or less confluent on the depressed portions of the
surface, and separated by oblique or sinuous rugae. Abdomen closely,
minutely punctate; ventral segments without dehnite impunctate median
area, 5 with some yellowish hairs at the apex ; anal brushes long. Legs not
very slender ; tarsi moderately elongate, somewhat thickened, the fourth joint
narrowly, feebly bilobed.

S. Sixth ventral segment triangularly emargiuate. Genital armature
(tig. 5) : lateral lobes long, slender, almost straight, set with a few long, scat-
tered, projecting hairs on their inner edge ; median lobe sharply acuminate,
curved downward at the tip, the produced apical portion ciliate laterally.

Length 5^ -6J mm. ( J ? .)

Rah. India, W. Almora {R. G. C. : vi.l918).

Seventeen specimens. This insect has the prothorax and elytra
sculptured much as in D. cameroni, differing from it in the less elongate
legs, the relatively shorter and stouter tarsi, the spotted elytra, etc.
The lobes of the fourth tarsal joint are shorter than in D. lohigerus
and a little broader than in D. cameroni. The present species
must be nearly related to D. verticosus Eppelsheim (1895), based on a
single example from Pegu, Burma, which is said to be coloured like
D. coerulescens Gyll., except that the shining. reddish spot on the elytra
is smaller and rounded.

50 [March,

10. — Dianous cameroni, n. sp.

Brassy-black, the femora and under surface more or leas Bufifused with
cyaneous, the antennae and palpi black; shining, sparsely, finely pubescent
(the prothorax excepted). Head broad, densely punctate, the intra-ocular
grooves deep ; eyes large ; antennae very long. Prothorax narrow, a little
longer than broad, constricted before the base ; densely, rather coarsely,
irregularly punctate, the punctures here and there obliquely confluent; sulcate
for a short distance at the middle of the disc, and with an angular or oblique
excavation on each side of this, and also obliquely sulcate laterally before the
base. Elytra, wider than the head, slightly longer than broad, rounded at
the sides posteriorly ; depressed along the suture anteriorly, within the humeri,
and behind the middle ; closely, coarsely punctate, the punctures on the apical
half separated by sinuous or oblique, and those adjacent to the basal half
of the suture by transverse, rugae. Abdomen closely, minutely punctate ;
ventral segments without definite impunctate median area ; anal brushes
slender, moderately long, consisting of very few hairs. Legs slender; tarsi
elongate, narrow, the fourth joint bilobed, the lobes short and Tery narrow.

Length 6|-7 mm. (d"$.)

Hah. India, W. Almora {H. O. C. : iii. and vi.l918), Lebong in
Sikkim {in colls. Andreioes and Cameron).

Six specimens seen (one now wanting tlie abdomen), including two
referred by Cameron to D. andrewesi. The narrowly bilobed fourth
tarsal joint, the sparser and coarser puncturing of the prothorax and
elyti-a, the more coarsely punctate head, with sharply cut, deeper frontal
sulci, and the less metallic, darker upper surface, distinguish D. cameroni
from D. andrewesi, the latter being an extremely abundant insect in
Almora.

11. — Dia?ious andrewesi.

Dianous andrewesi Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 534
(part.).

cJ . Sixth ventral segment deeply, triangidarly emarginate,* seventh trun-
cate at apex. Genital armature (fig. 6, dorsal aspect) : lateral lobes long and
slender to near the tip, and then curved and abruptly widened, the apical
portion set with several long stiff hairs within; median lobe broadly rounded
at the apex.

Hab. India, W. Almora (H. G. C. : vi.l918), Lebong in Sikkim
{colls. Cameron and Andrewes) .

Found in profusion in Almora. Upwards of 200 examples are
before me, showing scarcely any variation. D. andrewesi is dis-
tinguishable amongst the allied forms by its brassy, brassy-green, or

* Not visible in the Sikkim type, the penultimate of Cameron's description being the fifth
visible segment.

1919.] 61

cupreo-aeneous upper surface ; the uneven, dense, voi'ticose sculpture
of the prothorax and elytra, the interspaces between the punctures
appearing scintillate in certain lights ; the long, slender tarsi, without
trace of lobes on the fourth joint ; the rather broad frontal sulci ; and
the peculiar <S genital armature. The ventral surface of the abdomen'
is without definite ghibrous median space. The darker examples men-
tioned by Cameron belong to another sj^ecies, D. cameroni. The genital
armature is extruded in many of the males sent in diluted sjjirit, and is
therefore easily examined iu such specimens.

12. — Dianous radiatus, n. sp.

Black, above and beneath, the upper surface with a more or less distinct
brassy lustre ; shining, the abdomen, legs, and under surface finely pubescent,
the rest of the surface almost bare. Head broad, closely punctured, somewhat
depressed and deeply bisulcate between the eyes, the latter large ; antennae
moderately long. Prothorax narrow, slightly longer than broad, the sides
feebly rounded anteriorly and parallel at the base ; coarsely, irregularly, con-
fluently punctate, sulcate down the middle anteriorly, and with a deep,
oblique, outwardly-expanded groove on each side, the latter coalesceut in-
ward with an indeterminate basal depression. Elytra somewhat convex,
wider than the head, about as long as broad, rounded at the sides posteriorly ;
hollowed along the suture anteriorly and within the humeri, and also trans-
versely depressed across the middle of the disc ; coarsely, rugosely, confluently
punctate, the prominent rugae between the punctures sinuously or obliquely
radiating from the median depression. Abdomen minutely punctate, the
ventral segments without smoother median space ; anal brushes moderately
long. Tarsi with the fourth tarsal joint deeply excavate at the apex above,
that of the first and second pairs appearing sub-bilobed.

c?. Fifth ventral segment feebly emargiuate, flattened in the middle
posteriorly, the sixth deeply triangularly notched. Genital armature (fig. 7) :
lateral lobes very slender to beyond the middle, and then curved, dilated, and
cultriform, the inner edge of this portion set with several long bristly hairs ;
median lobe drawn out into a slender acute point at the tip.

Length 6-7 mm. (c?$.)

Hah. India, W. Almora {H. G. C. -. vi.l918).

Found in profusion, about 200 examples having been mounted for
study, including many males with the genital armature exposed.
Separable from all its alUes by the shining black or brassy-black upper
surface, the unusually large eyes, the coarsely punctured, uneven pro-
thorax, the very coarse, vorticose, radiating sculpture of the elytra, and
the peculiar S armature. Four specimens have a stronger brassy lustre
than the rest, showing a little variation in this respect.

r2

t.O [March,

13. — Dianous tortuosus, n. sp.

Black, with a brassy lustre in certain lights, tbe under surface obscure
cvaneous ; shining, very sparsely, finely pubescent. Head moderately broad,
closely, rather coarsely punctate, the intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes not very
large ; antennae long. Prothorax narrow, about as long as broad, the sides
rounded anteriorly and parallel at the base ; closely, rather coarsely punctate,
depressed and rugosely punctured posteriorly, grooved down the middle an-
teriorly, and with a very deep oblique sulcus on each side, the sulci extending
inward to the basal depression, which is finely carinate in the centre. Elytra
much wider than the head, subquadrate, rounded at the sides posteriorly, about
as long as broad ; coarsely, rugosely, confluently punctate, depressed along tlie
suture auteriorly and within the humeri, and with a broad, transverse, sub-
median depression, the sculpture in these spaces strongly vorticose. Abdomen
closely, minutely punctate, the sixth segment with coarser punctures ; ventral
segments uniformly punctured ; anal brushes long. Legs moderately elongate,
the tarsi not very slender, the fourth joint without definite lobes.

c? . Fifth ventral segment feebly, the sixth deeply, emarginate, the fifth
depressed in the middle behind. Genital armature (fig. 8) : lateral lobes long,
slender, slightly sinuate, pilose towards the apex within ; median lobe dilated
and broadly bifurcate at the tip, the apex deeply emarginate.

Length 6-6^ mm. ( c? $ •)

Kah. India, W. Almora (//. G. C).

Ten specimens. More rugose than D. cameroni, the legs shorter
and not so slender, the antennae shorter, the elyti-al sculpture strongly
vorticose, the fourth tarsal joint simply excavate at the apex, without
definite narrow lobes. Compared with the abundant D. radiatus, the
present species has the elytral sculpture less coarsely vorticose, the punc-
turing of the head and prothorax closer, the eyes not so large, and the
S armature very different.

14. — Dianous sithvorticosus, n. sj).

Black, with brassy and bluish reflections in certain lights, the antennae
and palpi black, the under surface uigro-cyaneous ; moderately shining, finely
pubescent, cinereo-variegate on the elytra. Head not verv lai'ge, closely punc-
tate, the intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes rather large ; antennae moderately
long. Prothorax much narrower than the head, about as broad as long, rounded
at the sides anteriorly, constricted before the base; closely, rather finely punc-
tate, with a deep oblique groove on each side of the disc and a short median
sulcus between them. Elytra subquadrate, rounded at the sides posteriori v,
much wider than the head, about as long as broad ; densely, rather coarsely,
rugosely punctate, longitudinally depressed near the suture anteriorly and
within the humeri, with a transverse, rather broad excavation just behind the
middle, the sculpture in this space and along the suture in front of it vorticose.
Abdomen densely, minutely punctate ; ventral segments uniformly punctured ;
anal brushes long. Legs moderately elongate, the tarsi comparatively stout.

1919-] 53

cJ. Sixth ventral segment deeply triangularly emarginate. Genital
armature (tig. 9) : lateral lobes long, sinuate, compressed, curved inwards at
the apex, and set with long hairs along the inner edge at and before the tip;
median lobe dilated distally, the apex arcuato-emarginate in the centre, and
angulate externally and on each side of the emargination.

Length 6-61 mm. (d?-)

Hah. India, W. Almora {R. G. d viii.1917).

Fifteen specimens. Smaller and less robust than D. cyanorjasfer,
the upper sui'face more shining, the puncturing o£ the head, prothorax,
and elytra coarser, distinctly vorticose in the depressed spaces on the
wir.g-cases, the ventral segments without glabrous impunctate space
and the 6 genital armature very different, the median lobe being dilated
(instead of pointed) at the apex.

15, — Dianotis aereus, n. sp.

Brassy above, the under surface and legs bluish, the antennae and palpi
black ; shining, very sparsely pubescent. Head a little wider than the pro-
thorax, closely punctate, the intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes rather large >
antenTiae very long. Prothorax slightly broader than long, rounded at the
.sides anteriorly, densely, roughly punctate, shallowly sulcate down the middle
anteriorly, and with a deep oblique groove on each side of the disc. Elytra
much wider than the head, a little longer than broad ; depressed along the
suture anteriorly, within the humeri, and across the middle ; closely, coarsely
punctate, the punctures more or less confluent, and separated by oblique
radiating rugae on the depressed portion of the disc and by transverse rugae
along the basal half of the suture. Abdomen densely, minutely punctate ;
anal brushes long, composed of numerous hairs. Legs long, not very slender ;
fourth tarsal joint without lobes.

c? . Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate.

Length 4^ mm.

Hah. India, W. Almora {H. G. C).

One male. Separable from the other species, D. minor excepted,
by its small size, less developed head, comparatively short prothorax,
brass}'' upper surface, etc.

16. — Dianous minor, n. sp.

Brassy above, the under surface and legs blue or bluish, the antennae and
palpi black ; shining, sparsely, finely pubescent, the prothorax and elytra almost
bare. Head not very broad, considerably wider thr.n the prothorax, closely
punctate, the intra-ocular grooves deep ; eyes rather small ; antennae com-
paratively short. Prothorax barely as long as broad, rounded at the sides
anteriorly, narrowed behind; closely, rather coarsely, irregularly punctate,

54

[March,

rugosply so at the base ; with a deep oblique groove on each side of the disc,
together forming a \/-shaped depression. Elytra ample, much wider than the
head, a little longer than broad, rounded at the sides posteriorly ; depressed,
along the suture anteriorly, within the humeri, and across the middle ; closely,
coarsely punctate, the punctures more or less confluent, and separated by
oblique or sinuous, radiating rugae on the depressed portion of the disc, and
by tr;insverse rugae along the basal half of the sutural space. Abdomen
densely, minutely punctate ; anal brushes long. Legs short ; fourth tarsal
joint without lobes.

J. Sixth ventral segment triangularly cmarginate.

Length 4-4i mm. (cJ$.)

JIah. India, W. Almora {H. O. C. : iv.l918).

Very near D. aeret/s, but with much shorter antennae, less elongate
palpi and legs, and smaller eyes, there being nothing intermediate in the
five examples sent, Avliieh include cJ and 5 . The head is relatively
smaller tlian in the larsfer Indian forms.

Explanation of Figures op cJ Genital Armature.
Nos. 1-5 and 7-9, median and lateral lobes, ventral aspect, and No. 6, ditto, dorsal
aspect, the exposed portion of the sac and the basal part of the median lobe
omitted, X 24: 1, annandalei ; 2, caeruleonotatus ; 3, cyanogaster ; 4, lobigertis;
5, distifima ; 6, andrewesi ; 7, radiatus ; 8, tortuosus ; 9, subvorticosus.

17. — Dianous pilosus, n. sp.

Cyaneous, shining, the antennae and palpi black, the elytra with a lar^e,
transverse, llavous spot on the disc (not reaching the suture or lower margin)

1919.1 55

just beyond the middle; the head, pro thorax, and elytra coarsely, closely
punctate, and somewhat thickly clothed with long, fine, erect hairs, the abdo-
men minutely punctate and more sparsely pilose, the ventral surface cinereo-
pubescent. Head moderately broad, the intra-ocular grooves deep, the eyes
ratlier large. Prothorax longer than broad, convex, much narrower than the
head, rounded at the sides, sinuously narrowed towards the base, without
definite grooves or depressions on the disc. Elytra subquadrate, about as
long as broad, wider than the head, depressed along the suture. Fourth joint
of anterior and intermediate tarsi somewhat deeply emarginate, appearing
sub-bilobed.

cJ. Fifth ventral segment depressed down the middle posteriorly, the
aiyth deeply triangularly emarginate.

Length 6^-7 mm. ( c5' ? •)

Kah. China, Da-zeh, near Tychau, Province of Che-kiang (Dr. P.
W. Bassett-Smith, ex J. J. Walker: xii.1892), Ningpo {ex coll.
Sharp).

Separable from D. coerulescens Gyll. by its narrower general shape,
the coarsely punctured, pilose head, prothorax, and elytra, and the trans-
verse elytral spot. Compared with the N. American D. nitidulus Lee,
the prothorax and elytra are more closely and much more coarsely punc-
tate, the elytra longer, etc. The six examples seen are all contained in
the British Museum, five of them having been captured by Dr. Bassett-
Smith.

Horsell.

January 8tk, 1919.

A NOTE ON THE BEITISH REPEESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS
MACR0P8IS I,Ewis; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES.

BY JAMES EDVS'AIIDS, F.E.S.

The genus Macropsis Lewis is composed of Cicadina having two
ocelli on the face, the antennae inserted beneath an oblique flange, the
striation of the pronotum running obliquely caudad from the middle-line,
an intermediate cross-vein m-cu in the elytra, and multispinose hind
tibiae quadi'angular in section.

Macropsis decoratus, n. sp.

$ , Crown brown, broadly yellow next each eye. Face greenish-yellow,
a black or brown point on each side just below the forehead, the comma-shaped
spots below the middle black, brown, or absent. Pronotum brown, becoming
paler at the margins, beliind each eye an irregular obloug black patch. Scu-
tellum bright yellow with a large black triangle on each side of the base.
Elytra brown in their basal half, the remainder whitish-hyaline ; cell Sc dark

56

[March,

blown from tli;' base to the half-length nr thereabouts; jnst beyond the apex
of the clavus a pale brown cloud reaching from the dorsum about half-way
across the elytron. Abdomen above brown, the hind margin of the segments
broadly greenish-yellow. On each side of the prosternum a round black sjiot.
J.egs greenish-yellow, base of hind tibiae with a black point, claws blackit-h.
Genital valve triangular, about thiee times as long as the preceding segment,
with a small rounded notch at the apex. Saw-case five times as long as the
genital valve.

Length 6'2 mm.

Baih (U J i/ionds: 1915); two females.

Most nearly resembles M. nassati/s Germ., from which it differs In
the colom'-imtterii of the elytra.

Macropsis 2Jopuli, n. sp.

(S . Upperside yellow-brown, in life inclining to reddish. Face greyish-
yellow with a sharply-defined black spot at the summit and, sometimes, four
black or brown points, one on each side just below the level of the unpaired
spot and two a little below the middle about equidistant from each other and
the side of the face. Pronotuni fuscous on the disc, the middle line sometimes
pale. Scutellum usually with a large black triangle on each side of the base.
Elytra: costa narrowly and the veins brown ; a suffused brown band, including
iutermediate m-cu, from Cu to K; appendix and apical cells sometimes brown.
Abdomen above black, pale at the base. Legd pale, hind tibiae with a black
point at the base.

$ . Sometimes similar to, but paler than, the J ; more frequently apple-
green with the elytra suffused with pale reddish-brown along the dorsum and
termen. Abdomen wholly or in greater part pale. Genital valve twice as long
as the preceding segment, truncate-triangular with an angular notch in the
middle of its distal edge. Saw-case about four-and-a-half times as long as
llie genital valve.

Length 4-25-5-33 mm.

On Lomhardy poplar. Goring, Oxfordshire {E. A. Butler: August
1918).

Most nearly allied to 31. fiiscinervis Boh. Notwithstanding a
certain amount of similarity of description, there is no need to confuse
the green female of M. populi with the ab. graminea of M. virescens ;
the latter lives on Sah'ces, is much jmler in colour, and seldom develops
reddish-browu colouring on the elytra.

The following is a table of the British species of the genus : —

1 (26) Crown short, but not linear.

2 (19) Front edge of crown nearly rectangular, face flat.

3 (4) Species entirely pale green; at most with a black point on the

summit of the face virescens Fab.

1019.; 57

4 (3) Species not entirely pale green.

5 (8) Face Avithout distinct black spots,

(7) Elytra without a brown line next the costa, usually with a wide
irregular brown baud across the middle. Insect lives on sallow.

cereus Germ.

7 (6) Elytra with a brown line next the costa, without a dark bund.

Insect lives on elm , ubni Scott.

8 (5) Face with one or more black spots.

9 (12) Hind femora with a black or dark-brown streak on the upperside

which does not reach the base.

10 (11) Narrower and more pointed in front; elytra with two wide ill-defined

fuscous bands distinctus Scott.

11 (10) Wider and less pointed in front ; elytra without fuscous bands.

impiirtcs Boh.

12 (9) Hind femora entirely pale.

13 (IG) Face without a black spot at the summit.

l-I (15) Elytra brown from the base to beyond the half-length, afterwards
whitish-hyaline with a brown cloud on the dorsum reaching about
half-way across the elytron, a black or dark-brown stripe on the
basal half of the costa decoratus Edw.

15 (14) Elytra variously coloured, but not as in decoratus . , . .nassatus Germ.

16 (13) Face with a black spot on the summit.

17 (18) Elytra : cells 1st R and 2nd M qidte hyaline fuscinervis Boli.

18 (17) Elytra: the cells last-named not hyaline populi Edw.

19 (2) Crown rounded or scarcely angular in front, face somewhat convex.

20 (2oj Elytra hyaline with a brownish-yellow tinge, the veins dark brown

or black.

21 (24) Upper pair of facial spots roundish, free. Clypeus without a distinct

keel. Black lines on the inner- and undersides of hind tibiae,
when present, continuous.

22 (23) Upper division of the side of prosternum with a wide black band

reaching from side to side, the lower division unmarked or rarely
with a black point. Insect lives on Hubus rubi Boh.

23 (22) Upper division of the side of prosternum with a large roundish or

oblong black spot, the lower division often with a roundish black
spot about half the size of the one on the upper division. Insect
lives on Salices scutellatns Boh.

24 (21) Upper pair of facial spots somewhat comma-shaped, their inner sides

more or less 'connected with the unpaired sj)ot. Clypeus with »
longitudinal keel. The black lines on the inner- and undersides of
the hind tibiae widely interrupted in the middle. Insect lives o»
nettle tibialis Scott.

25 (20) Elytra lacteo-hyaline nanus H.-S.

26 (1) Crown linear tiliae Germ.

Four sections of the genus are indicated by our species, exemplified
by virescens Fab., 7'iibi 1^Q\\., nanus H.-S., and tiliae Germ, respectively.
Tlie members of tbe ruhi group may be regarded as elementary or

TO [March,

" Jordan's " species — troublesome, no doubt, to systematists whose atten-
tion is confined to museum specimens, but not to be neglected on that
account by those who wish to study insects as living things. Single
examples without data may defy anyone to refer them with certainty to
either of the three categories, but in a gathering of moderate quantity
from Huhus, TIrtica, and Salix respectively the majority of specimens
will be found to exhibit the characters proper to their kind.

In dealing with Jassids one finds that in most cases where there is
a colour- pattern distinctive of a jjarticular species, the percentage of
specimens exhibiting all the elements of that pattei-n is very small.
This circumstance has not hitherto received the attention which it
deserves, and the failure to appreciate it has led to much misapprehen-
sion as to the hmits of natural categories in these insects. It has been
shown in the case of some fungi that certain morphological characters
are due to food-factors ; and there is reason to believe that this is also
the case in some Cicadina, e. g. the ruM group of Macropsis ; the kinds
of Oncopsis living on alder, birch, hornbeam, and hazel respectively ;
Zygiiia coryli Toll., alneti Dahlb., and mali Edw. and so on.

Colesborue, Cheltenham.

February IQth, 1919.

NOTES ON SAWFLIES {PTER0NV8 PINT AND PTERONUS SERTIFER).
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.E.S.
(Plates I-III.)
My acquaintance with these two species depends on material sup-
plied by Mr. E. E. G-reen, and still more is owing to the information he
has given me as to their habits, etc. He has also very kindly furnished
certain drawings, reproduced herewith.

A first point of interest in these species is that Pferonus sertifer is
another sawfly that passes the winter as an Qgg. Perhaps the most
unusual habit that they have, is that instead of making room for their
eggs by pushing aside the tissues of the plant amongst which they are
laid, usually by elevating the cuticle, the space required for the eggs is
made by actually excavating the material from the area they will occupy.

I do not know whether anything has been previously said about the
egg-laying of Pteronus sertifer, except in Mr. Green's recent report to
the Entomological Society,* but that of P.pini is, in a sense, well-known,

* Proc. Ent. Soc, Lond. 1917, p. 1.

1919.] 59

though the only description o£ it I can find is b}^ a German author, and
is erroneous in the most important particular.

As regards the actual egg-laying, I was unfortunate in never suc-
ceeding in seeing the actual process. AVith many of these sawflies,
e. g. species of Trichiosoma, Gimbex, Rhadinoceraea, etc., as soon as a
suitable piece of the food-plant is offered to a $ fly, she, practically
at once, proceeds to egg-laying, and there is no difficulty in observing
the process ; but with neither P. |;/«? nor sertifer did anything of this
kind occur. I kept watch for considerable periods, both immediately
after placing the flies on the j^lant and subsequently, but never saw any
attempt at egg-laying. Possibly this occurs most usually during dark-
ness. I once, however, found a $ of P. sertifer that had just completed
laying an egg. This was my nearest approach to success.

When we examine a fir needle in which P. pini has laid eggs, we
find a considerable length of one margin has a covering of greyish-green
material. The extent of this may be gathered from Plate III, fig. 1,
which is a magnified stereoscopic view of such a pine leaf or needle.
Such a leaf is, of course, very obvious amongst its fellows.

The German account of this structure regards it as consisting
of material supplied by the sawfly and describes the e^^ as being
covered by it, but as itself lying outside the substance of the leaf.
This is not so ; the egg is in the substance of the leaf, and the added
material consists of the particles excavated to make room for the eggs,
Avith almost certainly some agglutinating matter supplied by the
sawfly. The arrangement of this material is very regular and elabomte,
and may be understood by examining the drawings by Mr. Green on
Plate I and the photographs on Plate II.

Mr. Green makes the following observations on the needles of pine
with eggs of P. pini : — " I think that you are correct in considering
that the lateral ridges are composed of secretionary matter — small
vacuoles or bubbles can be distinctly observed in the material. You
note that * these side lines are divided into portions corresponding to the
eggs.' My examination showed me that the median ridge is similarly
divided ; its divisions are slightly behind those of the lateral ridges, so
that they have the appearance of being * en echelon.'' Moreover, the
anterior extremity of each division (of the median ridge) is carried for-
wards and sideways to meet the corresponding sections of the lateral
ridges on each side. On Plate I rough sketches are given of the arrange-
ment, as I see it. The lower di'awing, fig. 2, is, of course, diagrammatic
and Is intended to represent the arrangement as vicAved from above.

5Q [Mareh,

The upper drawing, fig. 1, shows a side view of the median and one
lateral ridge, as seen by me under a 2" objective."

If this material be removed the fir needle has much the appearance
of any other and one does not at first notice that anything has been done
to it. In certain lights, however, it can be seen that that margin of the
leaf is not quite of the same colour and texture as the rest. A closer
examination shows that an incision has been made just within the
margin of the (upper or inner or) concave surface of the leaf, but so
exactly has this been closed that it needs some care to determine that
there really is such an incision and its precise position. Below it is a
continuous cavity containing a series of eggs, one to each of the elements
of the outer incrustation.

I have added to Plate III photographs of petioles of poplar with
eggs of GlacUus viminalis, that ought properly to have appeared on
page 11 of the last volume of this Magazine in connection with that
species, and a very fine photograph, also by Mr. Main, of the tip of a
willow leaf with eggs of P. {Nematus) salicis, a species that very closely
resembles C. viminalis, but is larger and, of coui'se, differs from it in
essential characters generically.

In October 1917, I found eggs of P. sertifer laid in pine needles
exactly as described by Mr. Green. The chief point of interest I noted
was that until examined by transmitted light the needles seemed intact
and undisturbed. In November 1918, I obtained further needles in
which P. sertifer had laid in my jars. One afternoon I found a P. serti-
fer 2 with a little mass of green material just in front of the (retracted)
terebra. I fancied she had just been ovipositing, but the material may
have been there a considerable time, as I suppose that it ordinarily drops
away as soon as the egg is laid. This observation, however, is the only
one that disagrees with my suspicion that the eggs are laid in the dark.

The eggs' then of P. 'pini and of P. sertifer are laid in the same
position in the pine needles, and the incision through which they are laid
closes up so as to be difficult to detect. The details, however, are very
different. P. pini lays her eggs in a continuous groove, P. sertifer in
separate pockets, which are from 2 to 3 mm. apart. The eggs are about
1-7 mm. long and 0-6 mm. in diameter, prolate spheroids. When F.pini
lays her eggs she removes the material from the continuous groove and
disposes it (with some other material provided by herself) along the
margin of the leaf over the groove. P. sertifer, on the other hand,
collects the material excavated in the form of a small mass of rounded
nodules, very like the frass of a larva, which gradually accumulates basal

1919.] ex

to the terebra, whence it is dropped, probably one mass for each egg.
I have noted finding one such mass still attached to the fly, but similar
pellets in some numbers lay on the floor of the jar.

It is curious that P. j^ini, whose eggs hatch not very long after
they are laid, should protect them with a thick covering, and P. sertifer
should not do so, though her eggs have to remain in situ unhatched
thi'oughout the winter.

Amongst the few sawflies whose egg-laying I have watched, these
are the only ones that remove actual material from the cavity formed to
receive the es,^, and I note that, in mounting the saws for examination,
the basal mass (the bones and sinews through which the saws are
worked) is very solid and massive. The saw itself is rather short, very
robust, and armed with a row of teeth on each section, that are stronger
than in most sawflies, and seemed calculated to rasp out material as they
are retracted.

Both species cast their larval skins immediately before spinning up.

Plate I, fig. 3, shows the uiethod of feeding gregariously that is
followed by P. pirn in its first larval instar, and less constantly in the
second. If a larva be separated from its companions and isolated, it does
not thrive and usually dies, but I did not experiment on this point
sufiiciently often to say that this is alwa3^s the case. One can easily
understand how a solitary larva of a species that lives gregariously in a
nest or under a wel), such as, for example, TJiauinntopoea pityocamjya,
the pine-processionary moth, is unable to thrive when deprived of the
protection en303fed with its fellows, but it is less easy to see why it
should be so in species such as P. pini and ClaJius viminalis. It
seems very possible that the process of feeding on a narrow strip of
tissue is very difficult, unless the adjacent strip is being at the same
time removed by its neighbour.

Many of these sawflies have a curious habit, the use of which seems,
very obscure. If a few $ $ of these are placed together in a jar or
cage, with a good deal of room where any collision would seem unlikely
unless activeh' sought for, it is not long before some, and a little later
nearly all, are mutilated by the loss of one or more legs or antennae,
bitten off by their neighbours. This occui-s with Cladius viminalis,
Phadinoceraea micans, Phymatocera aterrima, and both these species
of Pteronus. For example, Mr. Green sent me five $ $ of P. sertifer
on October 25th, 1917 ; these were dead on October 30th, having been
placed in a jar with branches of Pinus sulvestris. Three still had their
legs and antennae perfect, one had a 2nd leg wanting, another two legs
abbreviated.

62 [March,

October 8th, 1918. — During some cold da3^s none had emerged ; to-
day, being fine, I put the jar containing the cocoons in the sun. About an
hour later I found that fifteen had emerged, and another did so whilst I
was counting them. Of the fifteen, eight were perfect, seven had already
been mutilated — three had lost a leg, one had lost two legs, and three
had lost an antenna.

If more than one specimen were placed in a jar with a j^iece of
pine for oviposition, in twenty-four hours all or all but one were much
mutilated and helpless.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES I-III.

Platji; I. — J'ig. 1. Drawing of egg-covering of Pteronus pini on margin of a
pine needle at basal end of leaf: a, median ridge; b, lateral ridge.
A lateral view. Fig. 2. Vertical (or marginal) view of cover, some-
what diagrammatic. Fig. 3. Young larvae of P. pini, showing social
method of feeding, X I5. Fig- 4. Needles with egg-pockets of P. sez-^t/Vr
(diagrammatic), X 4, from specimens mounted in baham ; the irregular
margin opposite the pockets is due to pressure forcing the thin walls of
the pockets out of shape ; the living specimens show no indications of the
margins or openings of the pockets.

Figs. 1, 2 & 3 are by Mr. E. E. Green.

Plate II. — Photographs, lateral views, of egg-covering of P. />^M^, by Mr. F.
N. Clark. Figs. 1 & 2 X 15, 3 & 4 X 20.

Plate III. — Fig. 1. Stereoscopic photograph of needles with eggs of P. jnni.
Figs. 2, 3. Eggs of Cladiiis viininalis in petioles of poplar (Ent. INIo. Mag.
vol. liv, p. 11). Fig. 4. Eggs of Pteronidea (Nematus) sulicis. AU
enlarged. These photographs are by Mr. Hugh Main.
IJeigate.

January 1919.

ALLANTU8 PERKINSI, N. sp.— A NEW BRITISH SAWFLY.
BY THE EEV. F. D, MORICE, M.A., F.Z.S.

We seem to have two really distinct, though extremely similar,
species mixed in most collections of Sawflies under the name AUantiis
arciiatus Forst. Dr. K. C. L. Perkins some 3"ears ago called my atten-
tion to this, but at the time I was not inclined to agree witli him that
the differences which he pointed out were of sj^ecific value. Some of
these, at least, were of a kind Avhich in man}' other cases I had found to
be inconstant, and I was probably influenced by observing that practi-
cally all recent describers (Cameron, Konow, Enslin, etc.) represent
arcuatus as an exceptionally variable species, and that, though many
attempts liad been made to separate fi'om it particular forms as distinct,

"^^H^

''"*-"->>*,^^c:\'

Ex\T. Mo. Mag., 1919. Plate I.

2 » — ^^•~-~

:l__-^-

--a

3

^fl

Drawings 1, 2 ani 3 bi/ B. E. Green.

PTERONUS PINT and P. SERTIFER.

1&2. Pine leaves with egg-deposit of P. 2«m-; 3. Young larvae of

I', pini ; 4. Egg-cavities of P. sertifer.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Plate II.

Vhoto F. X. Clark.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF EGG-COVERING OP PTERONUS PINI.
1 & 'i X 15 ; .3 & 4 X 20.

Ent. Mo. I^Iag., 1919. Pirate III.

thoio H. Main.

1. PTERONUS SERTIPER (Stereoscopic) EGG-COVERING.

2, 3. CLAUDIUS VIMINALIS.
4. PTERONIDEA SALICIS.

1919.1 gg

later authors had apparently in all cases restored them to it as mere
aberrations or, at most, subspecies (= local forms). As a matter of
fact, both Dr. Perkins and mj^self have since found that such of the
differences in this case as depend on colour (greater or less extension
of yellowish markings), though nearly constant, are not so absolutely.
One external character, however, seems to be definite, and practically
invariable — a difference, namely, in the sculpture (puncturation, etc.) of
the head and the mesonotum. And I now find, after dissecting and
examining carefully the 5 ovipositors in many specimens of both
forms, that the two can be separated quite easily by the very different
structural details in their saws. I have as yet met with no case in
which this character has failed me, and am satisfied that the difference
is sufficient to justify a separation of the two forms as distinct species,
one of which — but, of course, not both — must retain the name pi'oposed
by Forster, who, so long ago as in 1771, described arcuatus from
English specimens.

In one of these forms, both sexes have the parts of the head (viewed
from above) which lie between the " vei'tical area " and the compound
eje% remotely, and rather feebly and irregularly, punctui'ed, with polished
shining intervals between the punctures. The punctures of the meso-
notum are pretty close and regular, but not so close as to make its
surface appear opaque. The scutellum is, I believe, invariably marked
with yellow, and, as a rule, entirely of that colour. The antennae
generally have a yellow mark on the basal joint, but this character
sometimes fails. The $ $ have a sharply-defined yellow fascia covering
the greater part of the apical margin of the propodeum, but always (I
believe) distinctly abbreviated on each side, and so not becoming con-
fluent with the yellow matkings of the ventral surface. (N.B. These
markings in fresh specimens are more or less greenish, but after death
soon turn completely yellow.)

In the other form, the spaces between the vertical area and the eyes
are almost opaque, coarsely and closely punctured ; the punctures of the
mesonotum are also rather large (coarse and close) and its sm-face com-
paratively dull. The scutellum is almost invariably black, but Dr. Perkins
has just sent me a $ — the first with such a coloration ever seen by either
of us — in which it is partly yellow ! On the other hand, the yellow
fascia on the propodeum seems to be really invariably complete "(i. e. not
abbreviated laterally, but running along its whole margin and so uniting
at last with the yellow of the ventral surface). This is the case in
Dr. Perkins's specimen just mentioned, and it would be difficult to say
to which of the two forms it ought to be referred, were it not for the

64

[March,

close punctnration of its head and the structure of its saw. Both these
indicate that it belongs to the form now under consideration, and not to
that described in my last paragraph.

The basal joint of the antenna is commonly more or less marked
Avith yellow in both forms, but it is not invariably so in either. The
form with normally black scutellum generally shows (especially in
the d (5) broader yellow fasciae at the margins of the intermediate
abdominal segments (from segment 3 onwards), but this character,
again, is variable.

Two questions, then, arise, viz. : 1. Which of these forms is to
retain the name arcuatiis ? and 2. What shall we call the other ?

1. As Forster expressly states that the scutellum of arcnafus is
yellow, and nothing in his description excej)t this seems more charac-
teristic of one form than of the other, it would seem that we ought to
apply his name to that which I have first mentioned in this note —
viz., the species with normally yellow scutellum, propodeal band (in
the 5 ) normally abbreviated laterally, shining head, and saw of the $
with details as in fig. 1 {infra).

2. For the other, I propose the name perkinsi, n. sp., in honom- of
its real discoverer, since I cannot satisfy myself that it is identical with
any of the forms described by authors, either as subspecies of arcuatus
or as species related to it. Several of these have a black scutellum, but
each of tliem is separated from perTiinsi by some apparently constant
external character, and their saws, so far as I have examined them, are
all of the arcuatus type.

The difference in the saws of the two forms is more easily explained
by a figure than by a detailed description. I have, therefore, photo-
graphed a specimen of each (mounted in balsam) at the same magnifica-
tion and with the same lighting and time of exposure (see figs. 1 and 2).
The so-called " teeth " of these saws will be seen at once to be shaped quite
differently, and I find these differences constant in all the specimes which
I have examined.

Both species seem to be common and generally distributed, occurring
side by side in many very different districts, e. g., I have seen both from
Devonshire, Surrey, Lancashire, etc. (and probably from many other
counties without recognizing them as distinct species). According to
all tabulations known to me — Cameron's, Konow's, Enslin's, and my
own in Ent. Mo. Mag. July 1912 — they fall under the definition of
arcuatus ; but the evidence of their saws seems to me conclusive against
specific identity.

1919.1

65

I have specimens of true arcuntns from many Continental localities,
and it seems to be as common in most parts of Europe as with us. Of
perkinsi, however, I have only found one foreign specimen in my collec-
tion, namely, a 5 from " Auvergne " (at least it is so ticketed!), not
taken by myself, but perhaps by the late Eev. T. A. Marshall, several of
whose captui'es were given to me by Mr. Edward Saunders some years
ago. The " saws " of this, as well as its other characters, agree with
those of British specimens. A. nitidior Knw. and hrevicornis Knw.
somewhat resemble pe)^Jcmsi in general appearance, but the saws of both
are as in arcuatus, of which Enslin considers both to be varieties. Also
in nitidior the head is expressly said to be shining and very sparsely
punctured, and in hrevicornis the tegulae are black.

The following may serve as a brief diagnosis of the new species : —

Allantus perJcinsi, n. sp.

Allantiis A. arcvato simillimus. Differt scutello fere semper immaculato
nigro: margine propodei apical! (ut videtur) semper toto flavo : praecipue vero

;>^

Fig. 1. — AUaidiia arciudns Forst. Fig. 2. — Allantus perlcinsi, n. sp.

terebrae $ armatura ut in fig. 2, longe alia aique in arcuato fig. 1, Capitis
(desuper visi) latera (inter oculos et verticem) subopaca, confertim rugulose
punctata, punctis mag^itudine variantibus, nounusquam confluentibus. Cetera
ut in arcuato, sed thorace minus nitido, et flavedine abdominis saepius aliquanto
magis extensa.

Woking.

January 1919.

fig [March,

A RIBBON-MAKING FLY:
THE OVIPOSITION OF CERATOPOGON mxiDUS Macq.

BY A. H. nAMM, F.E.S,

For a few days last August I was spending part of my holiday at
the picturesque little village of Woolhampton, near Newbury, Berks.
The evening of the 13th was very warm and sultry, and the various
"biting" flies, such as Anopheles, Culex, Ceratopogon, and Simulium,
were feasting upon all and sundry. I often had three or four Culex
pipiens on my hand at one time, but, fortunately for me, their " bite "
leaves no after-effect.

I was patiently watching, on the bank of a stream running through
one of the numerous osier-beds that are such a feature of this part of
the Kennet Valley, several species of Hilara, esjiecially H. lurida and
S. niqrina, the males of which were very busy catching their " prey "
and afterwards going through their usual courtship tactics. It was
while thus occupied that I noticed, hovering above the surface of the
stream, a fly that had something white hanging beneath it. Thinking
it was another species of Empid with " prey," I netted and boxed the
fly, and then recognised it as a Ceratopogon. I then made a hasty
examination with a lens of the object which the fly had dropped in the
net, and was surprised to find it was a gelatinous ribbon of ova. I then
saw and netted several other flies hovering over the stream, with similar
ribbons. They hovered (with little or no perceptible movement) about
two feet above the stream and then immediately began the work of
ribbon-making. By patiently watching one could observe the operation,
occupying about three minutes, from start to finish. Gradually the
ribbon, hanging vertically from the very start, would lengthen, until
the full number of ova had been extruded. I could not determine
whether the legs contributed in any way by holding and paying out the
ribbon during its extrusion ; for nearly all the flies kept in mid-stream,
and the light, just before sunset, was none too good. When its full
length was attained the fly, still poised motionless in the air, dropped the
ribbon into the stream beneath, where it gradually sank as it was borne
along by the fairly i-a,pid current.

The following measurements, for which I am indebted to my friend
Dr. Eltringham, were made from a dry and probably shrunken ribbon,
which, moreover, was not of maximimi length, as the fly was netted
before its completion : —

Length of ribbon, 19 mm. Width of ribbon, "22 mm.

There are 30 ova per mm., making 570 ova in all.

1919.] 67

The eggs, which lie obliquely across the long axis of the ribbon, are,
when fresh, white with a faint yellow tinge.

Mr. F, W. Edwards, to whom the mode of oviposition was un-
known, has kindly identified the species as Ceratofogon nitldus Macq.,
and has drawn my attention to an interesting and somewhat analogous
procedure on the part of an American species, as described by 0. A.
Johannsen in the 58th Annual Report of the New York State Musemn,
1904, vol. V, p. 107 :—

"Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera. — II.
" Sphaeromyas aryentatus Loew.

" The et^g-laying of this species was first observed by Professor Needliam,
by whwm my attention was called to it. During the latter days of June and
the first of July about sundown, the female fly hovers about three or four
inches above the water's surface close to the shore in a place sheltered by the
shrubs and weeds. With the head pointing towards the shore and the body
swaying rhythmically laterally to and fro, the egg-laying begins. The eggs
are enclosed in a gelatinous ribbon, placed at right angles to the long axis. . . .
The ribbon when deposited is about 1*5 inches in length, flat, and appears
wrinkled like a paraffin ribbon. The lateral swaying of the body at the
bei?iuning of the egg-laying is of about one inch amplitude, but as the ribbon
of eggs increases the amplitude decreases, until just before deposition it is less
than 5 inch. When the egg-string is about \ inch long the flj' seizes it with
her hind and middle legs, the hind legs guiding, the middle legs paying out the
string as its length increases. The fore legs are folded up under the body.
This egg-laying process occupies from three to five minutes ; when completed
the fly suddenly darts down to the water's surface, deposits her eggs and
flies away.

" The eggs when first laid are whitish, but later, as development pro-
gresses, they become brown. Each &'^^ is about O'-i mm. in length by '07 in
width ; somewhat pointed at one end and flattened at the other, the latter with
a minute rectangular bolster with knobbed corners."

22 Southfield Road, Oxford.
February 13M, 1919.

A revision of the species of Cathormiocerus Schonh. of tlie Iberian Peninsula
a7id Marooco ; by Manuel M. de la Escalera.—Th.\& " Revision " forma No. 38
of the Zoological Series of the "Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias
Naturales," Madrid, pp. 64 and 61 text-figures, and is dated Dec. 30th, 1918,
It is, of course, based upon the species inhabiting Spain, Portugal, and
Marocco, but some remarks are made upon the two forms recorded from the
southern or south-western coasts of Britain (examples of both of which have
been examined by the author), and a variety of one of them, from Brittany, is
noticed. Fifty-five species are enumerated — thirty-seven of which are re-
stricted to the Iberian Peninsula,— exclusive of eleven other described forms

QQ iMarch,

unidentified by liim. Four subgenera are recognized, one of which, Mito-
mermus Duv., is placed as a synonym of Trachyphloeus Germ, in the European
Cataloo-ue of 1906, our C. socius Boh. and C. maritimus Rye belonging to
Cnthonniocerus s. str. The 61 text-figures, all drawn under the camera lucida,
X 34, show the form of the anterior tibiae in each of the subgenera, and the
head, antennae, etc., of most of the species. These apterous epigaeous weevils
have, as might be expected, a very limited distribution, though some of the
allied Trachyphloei, like scabriculus L., may sometimes be found in quantity in
unexpected places. No additional localities are given for C. socius (the type
of which was from England, from Walton's collection), beyond the Isle of
Wight and the Sierra Nevada in Spain, the C. socius of Seidlitz, Bedel, and
Chevrolat apparently belonging to other species. The variety of C. maritimus
from Brittany is named armoficus. Another British representative of this
genus, from the Lizard, Cornwall, sent me some time ago by Mr. Keys for
determination, not seen by M. Escalera, must remain unidentified till an
example in better condition is obtained. Numerous new species and varieties
are described and figured in the " Revision," one of which, from the Alto
Atlas, is called C. tizi-n'testi (sic), a specific name to which one might take
exception. The material captured by Commander Walker and myself in
Spain has been examined by the author and is included in his enumera-
tion. The geographical distribution of C. socius remains inexplicable. — G. C,
Champion, Horsell, Woking : February 1919.

Cerycon sternalis Sharp at Oxford. — The publication of Dr. Sharp's paper
" On some species hitherto assigned to the genus Cercyoii " (Eut. Mo. Mag.
1918, pp. 274-277) has induced me to send him for examination the material
collected by myself in this district, more especially as I was responsible for the
record C. lugtibris from Oxford. He has kindly named them and says: — " You
have separated your CerycorSs correctly, but your granarius is luguhris, and
your lugubris are stei-tialis" meaning I had separated them into species, but
applied the names wrongly. On August 12th, 1908, 1 took about 18 specimens
of what proves to be C. sternalis, from wet moss at Yaruton, Oxon. On
January 26tli, 1908, at Yaruton also, I captured a specimen which turns out
to be C lugubris. I have C. lugubris, var. inter^nijctus, teste Dr. Sharp, from
Water Eaton, Oxon, taken on July 29th, 1907, and one example from Weston-
on-the-Green, Oxon, April 18th, 1909. The long series I called C. lugubris and
the three examples C. granarius. Curiously enough, I have only one example
of C. minutus from Oxford, this I named correctly. — J. Collins, 74 Islip
Road, Sunnymead, Oxford : February 19tJi, 1919.

Note on Nomada roberjeotiana Pajiz. — The species figured by Panzer is, I
think, clearly distinct from that which stands under this name in our lists and
collections. The male of the true roberjeotiana has a single bright flavous
transverse yellow spot on the scutellum, much like that of rvfpes F. (solida-
ginis Panz.), the $ has a bright yellow prothoracic band like the male, and
the hind tibiae with a definite, wide, black ring. In both sexes the hind
femora are pale to a far greater extent than in the British species. If Panzer's
figures are correct in this respect, the antennae are also decidedly shorter and
thicker. Continental writers give Andrena afzeliella,fuseipes, and xaJithura as

1919.] 69

hosts of roberjeotiana, though it is extremely unlitely that it would attack
species so widely distinct as the two former. Our species is attached solely to
A. tarsata Nyl. (analis Panz.) and is particularly partial to the flowers of
Potentilla (though Smith discovered it on the ragwort, as he repeatedly states),
AKken has described a species closely allied to foberjeottana, and with the
same host and habits as ours, under the name of N, tormentillae, and though
I have not seen Continental examples, I suspect that ours belongs to this
species. Although I have examined large numbers of English specimens from
different localities (Hants, Surrey, Devon, and Cumberland) none of these
resemble Panzer's roberjeotiana, so that it is probably not to be found in this
country. — R. C. L. Pkkkins, Paignton : February 1919.

Phryganea obsoleta in Yorkshire. — Among some Trichoptera recently sent
me to name by Mr. Kosse Butterfield, I was pleased to see a good specimen of
Phryyaneu obsoleta taken at Keighley in 1918. This insect has not previously
been recorded for Yorkshire. A more generally interesting species in the
same lot was Tinodes dives, also from Keighley last year. The latter occurs at
Grassiugton, and in abundance on the river at Malham in the same county, but
one scarcely expected it so near a thickly populated district as is Keighley. —
Geo. T. Pobritt, Huddersfield : February Sth, 1919.

Chrysopa dorsalis Burm. in Berkshire. — The editorial remark by Mr. G. T.
Porritt {antea, p. 18) on the local distribution in Britain of this interesting
" lace-wing," recalled to my memory that I met with the insect sevei'al years
ago in a fir plantation near Bessels Leigh, Berks. I have since observed it on
many occasions in this particular spot, which may be added to the few kiiown
localities of C. dorsalis in Britain. — J. Collins : February ith, 1919.

Obitua}-y. — It is with great regret that we have to announce the death of
Dr. F. DuCane Godman,D.C.L., F.R.S., on February 19th. A detailed notice
will appear in our next number. — Eds.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society ;
January dth, 1919. — Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

Mr. S. H. Cornieb, Plumstead Common, was elected a member.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited numerous Lepidoptera taken in Surrey during
1918. ]\Ir. Buckstone, series of 2nd brood Ayriades thetis from Eastbourne
and the Surrey Hills, Mr. Frohawk, (1) Plebeius aeyon, very pale examples,
with immaculate undersides of fore wings, and slightly striated ; (2) Aricia
medon (astrarcke), pale yellow marginal markings ; (3) Polyommatiis icarus, a
female with pale yellow marginal markings, Mr. B. Adkin, (1) Argynnis
aglaia, a pale specimen, with enlarged markings; (2) A. cydippe (adippe), pale
specimen, a strongly banded underside ; (3) a curious smoky Strenia clathrata.
Mr. R. Adkin, two Hypercallia citrinalis {christiernana) from an old collection.

~A [March,

Mr. H. Main, a species of Anopheles common at Eastbourne, and a series of
photographs (eulargements) of details of the life-history of Gastrophilus equi
and Eristnlis tenax (Dipt.), Nepa cinerea and Peiitatoma prasina (Flemipt.), etc.
Mr. R. T. Bowmiin read a Report of the Field Meeting at Chingford on
Maj' 25th. Mr. E. Step communicated Reports of the Visit to the John Innes
Horticultural Institution, and of the Fungus Foray on Wimbledon Oomniou.

January 2bth, 1919. — The President in the Chair.

Animal Meeting. — The Balance Sheet was adopted, the Report of the
Council was passed, and the results of the election of Officers and Council for
the eusuing year announced. The President read his annual address and, after
a short remme of the work of the Society and the progress of EntouKilogy
generally for the past year, dealt with the work that was being taken up on
the economic side of Entomology throughout the world. Votes of thanks were
passed to Officers and Council,

Ordinary Meeting. — Mr. Buunet exhibited photographs of the details of
the life-history of Dasgcera sulphurella and of some of the immature stages
of the sawtiy Fhyllotoma uceris. Mr. Toiige, a Phigalia pedaria taken at
Reigate on November 24th last — the earliest date recorded. Mr. Bowman,
aberrations of Coenonympha pumphilus, (1) very pale, (2) verj' wide dark
margins, (o) very dark suffused undersides, (4) ocellations on undersides much
emphasised. Mr. II. J. Turner, a series of Folyonimatus dolus, (1) typical from
near Florence, (2) ab. vittata from the Cevennes, (3) var. menalcas troni Asia
Minor, (4) the series in the Society's (Lemanu) collection. He also showed a
small P. icarus (22 mm.) from Elba, and Pieris manni with gen. aest. robsii from
the same place. — IIy. J. Tuunjou, Hon. Kditor of Proceedings.

ENTOMOLOGY IN SAEAWAK, EOENEO.
BY G. E. BRYANT, T.E.S.

These few notes are the result of six months' collecting, chiefly
Coleoptcra, in Sarawak, Borneo, from December 3rd, 1913-June 10th,
1914. The bulk of my work was done on Mt. Matang and at Quop. I
also made expeditions to Lundu, Puak, and Mt. Merinjak. On my arrival
in Kuching, Sarawak, Major J. C. Moulton, late of the Sarawak Museum,
helped me in every way and engaged for me two good Sea Dayak col-
lectors and a Chinese cook, without which faithful bodyguard I should
have been helpless, and I should like to state here how greatly I am
indebted to him for the success of my expedition.

I arrived on Mt. Matang on December 3rd, 1913, and collected
there till February 15th, 1914, living at an altitude of 1000 feet, with
jungle above and below. These months are probably all bad for col-
lecting at an altitude of anything over that elevation during the rainy
season, the mountain-top, about 3200 feet, being then frequently veiled

1919.1 71

in mist, and from January llth-February 15th twenty more or less very
wet days were recorded iii my diary. The best collecting-da3's here, in
point of number of species of Coleoptera obtained, were spent at a
clearing which my Dayaks made on a ridge at an elevation of about
2000 feet. On December 2^th, two days after making the clearing, we
took 87 species, and on the 25th 75 species ; and then the rains came,
and I never did ver}^ much more there, as it was too high and in the
mist. It is a sight not to be missed to see the Dayaks get to work to
make a clearing, with their small native axes. They start half cutting
through the number of trees they wish to fell, and then drop one giant
in such a way that it brings down the rest at once. It is heartbreaking
to hear the tearing of limbs and the terrific crash, but glorious to let the
sun into the gloom of the forest, and a clearing of this sort can be visited
every day in fine weather and new species taken all the time.

On Febrviary 9th I at last found a flowering-tree which it was pos
sible to reach, growing on the edge of a clearing at an altitude of about
1000 feet — a decidedly difiicult thing to find in jungle-country. The tree
was Vernonia arhorea (Order Compositae), then covered with white
fluffy flowers. I worked this tree for five days, and it produced 80 species
I had not met with before, in spite of the weather being bad, and I had
already up to that date taken not less than 1040 species of Coleoptera.
It produced twenty-one Cetoniidae, the majority small but very inte-
resting Valcjinae, and a few species of Macronota — M. egregia Guer.,
M. picta Guer., M. marmorata Wallace, and M. elongata G. & P.
I rigged up my net with a very long handle, and it was something like
hard labour wielding this from about 7.30 A.M.-3 p.m. A Dayak climbed
the tree to stir things up, as most of the interesting forms seemed to
frequent the top, and it Avas rather anxious work watching him,
brandishing his net walking about on the most appalling-looking
branches, and I was thankful there was no " Employers' Liability Act "
in Sarawak. The tree was alive with butterflies and bees, and I
captured a good number of Hymenopfera. What struck me most
was that not a single Buprestid was taken or seen, similar collecting in
Australia producing scores of Buprestidae, mostly Stigmodera, such
flowering-trees as Angophora, Eucalyptus, etc., being especially attrac-
tive there ; but I found later that the habits of the Bornean Biiprestidae
were quite different. Catoxantlia opulenta Gory, C rajah Gestro,
Demochroa lacordairei Thoms., Chrysochroa aicrotihialis Deyr., C.ful-
minans F., and their allies, were taken on young fresh foliage ; but the
species of the genera ChrysohotTiris, Belionota, and Philocteanus flew
about freshly-felled timber, being extremely active and impossible to

72

[March,

capture without a net. One member of this group, Epidelit,s loallacei
Thorns., when alive, is covered with a beautiful lemon -coloured powder,
which is all too easily rul)bed off, Museum specimens being always of a
dirty j'-ellow-brown colour.

Mt. Matang is difficult to collect upon, as it is everywhere very
steep, with the exception of one fairly good path in places, leading to
the summit ; and where it is easy to get through the old jungle, it is
generally too dark and shady, all the insect-life buzzing about at the tops
of the trees. For this reason, on a fine day, the top of the mountain
was a good collecting-ground, the summit having been cleared and only
small bushes growing there ; the so-called rare things come flying up
from the jungle below from all sides, and these, with luck, may be
captured with a net.

At another peak we cleared, at 2500 feet, where there Avas just
room for three people to stand and wield nets, on one day six species of
Coleoptera came flying ovei- the top, all the same colour-marking, red
and black — three Geramhycidae {Ephies dilaticornis Pasc, JEri/thnis
apiculatus Pasc, and JE. sp. ?), all rare, two Lycidae, and a Telephorid,
all three common. In jungle-collecting a great number of species are
taken singly, which are not met with again in a few months" work; but
this is bound to happen in thick jungle-c ntry, as it is so difficult to get
at their haunts. When one looks down from Matang all round, as far
as the QJQ can see, the whole country one sea of trees, imposs"' " to
collect in, excejDt on jungle-paths and clearings, to talk of things being
rare is probably inaccurate.

The result of collecting specimens of some of the more conspicuous
families during these two months may be of interest. Of Longicornia,
50 species of Lamiidae were taken in December, and 20 more added
between Januaiy llth-February 15th, most of the December insects
having disappeared by then and were not again met with. The Ceram-
hycidae were in more equal numbers during this period, 17 species in
December, and 19 added in January and February, eight of them coming
ti> the flowering-tree, Vernonia arborea. Another family wliich is well
represented is the Anth-ibidae, 52 species and a great number of speci-
mens, practically all on dead timber, very active and difficult to capture,
dead branches generally impeding one's collecting. The Curciiliomdae,
as usual, were very plentiful and apparently endless ; I hope a few of
these will help towards Dr. Sharp's estimate of 200,000 species for the
whole world. I should not be surprised if Borneo produced 10,000
species. The three members of the genus Apion captured here all

■A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHON AFTER A, by the

Hon. N. Charles Eothschii:,d, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated by Eight Platee
(issued in the Ent: Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the publishers.

THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

(ODONATA OP PARANEUROPTERA)
By R. J. TILLYARD, M.A., B.Sc, P.L.S., F.S.S.

Demy 8vo. pp. xii + 398. With 4 plates and 188 text-figures. 15s net.

Cambridge Zoological Series.
"Neyer before has the group received such detailed and well-balanced
treatment as Mr Tillyard has given. . . . Students of the anatomy and
- development of insects are much indebted to him for providing in this con-
' venient form a trustworthy guide to the external and internal structure of
dragonfiies at various stages of their life-histories." — Nature
Prospectus cm application
■ Cambridge University Press, Fetter I<ane, London, E.G. 4, C. F. Clay, Manager

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA,

OAEABIDAF. Vol. 1, No, 4. OABABWAF.

I'lfiCE ?1. CO IN' X S Tn -"T S . PrICE §1.

OMOPHRON"

limbatum TFabr.
NOTIOPHILUS

biguttatus Fahr.
DV-^OHIRIUS
'>is Uej.

;, -s Schaum.

globosus Hrbst.

X.AEMOSTENUS
complanatus Uej.

SPBIODBUS

ieucophthalmiis Linn,
juvencus Ball.

CAT..ATHUS

caucaeicus Chaud.
fusoipes Goeze.
erraras Sahl.
TDOMCHTJS

hal.onsis '>,-han.

PL A.'

V. rufithorax.

'YJSIUS
biciilatii.H Fabr.

ANCHOMENUS
assimilis Payk.
cyaneus Dej.

AGOl TM

sexpunctatum Liuu.

luarginatum Linn.

mullerii Hrbst.

scitulum L>ej.
GLIB AST ARIUS

dorsalis Pontopp.
PTEROSTICHUS

nimbatus Moraw.

eurymorpha Tsch.

depressidorsia Ettr.

findelii Dej.

zieglerii Duft.

metallicus Fabr.

panzerii Panz.

fasciatopunctatus

justusii Redt. [Creutz.

diifoarii Dej.

ambigTius Fairm.

rliilensis Rttbg.

swaneticus Ettr.

lacunosr.s Cl;aii'L

PTEROSTICHUS

reiserii Gangl.

validiuscnlus Chaud.

caucasicus Men.

bicolor Arag.

cribratus Dej.

variolatns Dej.

fossulatus Quens.
ABAX

passerinii Dej.

PSEUD QPERCUS
politus Dej.

MOLOPS

elatus Fabr.
piceus Panz.

TAISTYTHRIX

senilis Schaum.

CORSYBA

fusula Fisch.
MASOREUS

aogyptiacus Foj.
LEBIA

chlorocephala Hbffm.

With Index for Vol. I., complete.

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CONTENTS.

»AQE

The genus Dianous Samouelle, as represented in India and China (CoJeoptei'a)

{with figures) (concluded). — G. V. Chanvpion, F.Z.S 49-

A note on the British representatives of the genus Macropsis Lewis ; wdth

descriptions of two new species. — J. Edtvards, F.E.S 55

Notes on Sawflies (Pteronus pini and Pteronus sertifer) (loith three Plates). —

T. A. Chapman, M.D.,F.R.S. 5S

AUantus perkijisi, n. ep. — A new British Sa-wfly (with figures), — Bei\ F. JD.

Monce, M.A., F.Z.S G-:

A ribbon-making fly : the oviposition of Ceratopogon nitidus Macq. — A. H.

Hamm, F.E.S «'

A revision of the species of Cathormiocerua Schonh. of the Iberian Peninsula

and Marocco; by Manuel M. de la Escalera. — 6. G, Champion, F.Z.S CT

Cerycon sternalis Shai-p at Oxford. — J. Collins G3

Note on Nomada roberjeotiana Panz. — J?. C. L. Perhins, M.A., B.Sc, F.Z.S. ... 68

Phryganea obsoleta in Yorkshire. — G. T. Porritt, F.L.S G9

Chrysopa dorsalis Burm. in Berkshire. — ,T. Collins , <^3

Ohitna,r J. —Eds . /''.^

Society.— South London Entomological Society G9

Entomology in Sarawak, Boi'neo. — G. E, Bi yant, F.E.S 70

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f^trCfDi'i

ii^^^

73

oecurretl at about 8000 feet, whieli is interesting, as theyW ^ftfliigO ,^ 3^
better represented in the Temperate Region. Xearh^ all the (Jurahiduc
taken were found running on fallen trees, or under bark, or getting into
erevices. The tine genus Catascujyus gave nie many anxious moments,
their great eyes seemed to see everything that was going on. The
terrestrial speeies are very scarce in the jungle eountr3^ The Cicin-
delidae are well represented on Matang, 14 species being taken in this
short time: C. aurulcnia F., common up to lOOO feet; C. versicolor
McL., rather scarce here ; C. lom/ipulpis Horn, apparently rare, but
V':ry small and difficult to mark down, as it a})pears to love dark damp
})laces, generally sitting on a wet mossj' rock. DUatotarsa tricondij-
loides Gestro, very rare in these months, only two being taken, in a verv
precipitous natural clearing made by a fallen giant. Odontocheila analis
F., very common from the foot tip to 1000 feet. Four species of
Therates were captured, all Hying up from jungle-paths, and, as a rule,
settling on ferns, between 1000-2000 feet seemed to be their chief
haunt : T. batesi Thoms. and T. crinys Bates, fairly common ;
T. dlmUliatus Dcj., very common ; T. spectahilis Sch., apparently
rare, as it is a fine, conspicuous insect ; also five species of Tricondyla
and Collyris, I took a great number of these later on at Quop as
they seem to prefer the low ground. But Tricondyla cyanea Dej.,
subsp. wallacei Thorns., was most difficult to capture, as it always
chose the largest tree-trunk to run up and dodge round ; I found the
best way to catch specimens was to dab my handkerchief upon them, as
hard as I could, and they always came out undamaged. Twenty-four
species of Cleridac were taken, all, ■with one exception, on dead timber,
matching the bark most wonderfully.

During the wet weather, a great deal of time was spent in shaking
dead leaves, etc., and examining Ants' and Termites' nests, which
resulted in 70 species of Pselaphidae and many other things ; and in
bark-hunting, the stripped-oft" sheets of which concealed many Clavi-
corns and Passalidae. Cases of Goleoftera. mimicking Hymenoptera
ai-e many. The small Cerambycid Epania singapitreiisis Thoms., when
on the wing, is hard to pick out from a small black bee, Melipona
vidua Lep., which haunts every clearing. I only captm'ed sixteen
specimens of the beetle and could have taken many thousands of the
bee. Many species of the genus Oherea mimic Braconidaey and
the rare Nedytisis ohreoides Pasc, when on the Aving, could not be
recognised as a beetle. A Mordella with liyaline elytra completely
deceived me, when it was buzzing about in tlie net, and, as it was
exti-emely active, T was afraid of being stung.

ii

74

[April,

1 left Ma tang on February l5tli with yfcat vegi'et. What one
might collect there in a few years would run into thousands of species:
its marvellous vegetation, huge trees, wonderful pitcher-plants and ferns,
its great drawback the lack of llowering trees in reach of a net and its
greatest horror the leeches.

I spent a few days at Kueliing and then left for Quo]j, where 1 was
very fortunate to have the loan of a Mission Bungalow, close to a large
Davak house. This proved to be a very good collecting-centre, as
there were several Dayak paths, leading out in different directions into
patches of old jungle in low swampy country, and several steep hills
dotted about still clothed with good jungle ; there was also a good deal
of second growth, useless to the entomologist and to be hurried tlii'ough.
All the good land had been cleared from time to time by the Dayaks for
their paddi, as they farm in the most extravagant way, never growing
paddi on the same piece of ground for more than one year, and then
letting it revert to jungle for about fifteen years, so that the only
grountl that escapes the axe anywhere near a Dayak house is either too
swampy or too steej) ; but anyhow they had left enough for me, as with
hai-d work 1 added nearly 2000 species to my collection.

The Da^ak roads here were very tricky and tiring to walk on, as
they were Batang roads — that is, trees of various sizes felled through
swampy jungle, and laid end to end for miles, — and they needed very
careful walking on by a European in boots, as they were always very
wet and greasy, the native with his bare feet having a great advantage.
My best collecting-ground, Gunong Sibinis, was reached after a steady
(or rather, unsteady) hour of doing the tight-rope on these trees. In
many places they are raised several yards from the ground to avoid
floods, and even then they get flooded in places, and to Avalk a flooded
Batang road needed a lot of practice to do it in the correct style, to look
at an insect was fatal. All the streams here Avere crossed b}^ a single
bamboo, sometimes with a shaky hand-rail, more often without.

Ai-rived at the foot of (lunong Sibinis, which appeared to be partly
sandstone, there was a very steep slippery scramble to the summit, by
hanging on to the roots and creepers. At the top, which was about
1000 feet, I got my Dayaks to malce a clearing, which, after a few
days, turned out most ]ji'ohtable, our best day's catch being 114 species
of Coleo]}U'ni. Three days after the clearing was niade we captured a
great number of Longicorns of the family Clijfidae, which were attracted
by the dying foliage and timber — Xylotrechvs, Demonax, Ferisstis,
and ChloroplioriDi. Forty-three species of these were captured at

1919.]

76

Quop, and sixty altogether, of whieli. 1 believe tliirtv-eiglit t(j he new.
Some were attracted to Howering trees, which 1 was more successful in
Knding here. We could tell Avhich trees were in Hower high above our
heads, without being able to see a (lower, by llie buzzing of insect-life.
Whatever height the trees were the Dayaks would go to the top.
chuibing by the ci-eepers and rattans ; and they would cut off several
huge limbs covered with blossom for me to stand by and capture what-
ever chanced to come ; and they would staA^ up aloft and fill their ])ottles,
by shaking the insects on the great sprays of blossom into their nets.
The flowering trees which produced the most Coleopteru were Venionia
arhorea, 3£acsn sp., two species of Elaeocarpus, and two species of
Eugenia. The chief visitors to these trees were Ceramhycidae, Ela-
teridae, Cetoniidae, CiircuUonidae (including 21 species of Balauiniis,
probably nearly all ncAv), many small Breiithidae, Helota (a conspicuous
genus of Clavicornes), Malticidae, and Galerucldae. Along the jungle-
paths man}^ beautiful members of the genus Glenea {Lamiidae) were
met with, perhaps 35 species in all. Thi-ee specimens of the magnificent
Cetoniid, Diceros horneeiisis Wallace, Avere captured as they were flying
over mountain-tops, on three different occasions, and one fine S of
Diceros peteli Buquet. was taken in the same way, Avhich shows the
difficulty of taking a series of these active insects. The Riitelidae must
also be numerous, but are equally hard to find, only seven species of
Parastasia were taken — two were dug out of very rotten wood,
P. epliippiu)n Voll. and the other probably no-v. sp. ; F. ^-muculata
Wat. was captured on a flowering-tree, Eugenia, sp. ; and P. con-
Jluens West., the commonest, came to light. It w-as on a jungle-path
at Quop that I met with the remarkable Orthopteron, Condylodera sp.
(not C tricondijloides West.. Avhich I have taken in. Javal, a j^erfect
mimic of Tricondyla cyariipes Esch., subsp. cavifrons Sch. I had a
good look at it on a leaf by the side of the path, and thought it was
the Tricondyla until 1 had it in the bottle ; I took five specimens of the
Tricondyla, wdiich is probably a common insect, in the same place.

After leaving Quop 1 made a most interesting expedition with
Major J. C. Moulton, who has written an account of it in the
" Zoologist," 1914, pp. 361-374, 414-431, up the Sadong Eiver, then
to Mt. Merinjak near the Dutch border, and across country to the head-
waters of the Sarawak lliver, and down to Kuching. The great majority
of the Coleoptera taken at Merinjak were again new to me, which goes
to show how every hill and mountain in a great island like Borneo must
be thoroughly explored before we have any idea of the tremendous wealth
of species the island will produce. Wallace during his stay in Borneo

h2

[itiril.

spent nearly the whole of his time on the Sadong lliver, at Simunjan,
and collected nearly 2000 species of Coleoptcra, of which nearly 300
were Long-icurns. During my short stay 1 ohtained examples of appruxi-
matelv 3189 s))ecies, of which 3Gi) were Longicorns, about DO of these
probabh' nov. spj*. We uiust remember that Wallace was collecting
practicalh all Orders, w hereas 1 was specializing more or less : —

No. of
species.

( 'iciudelidae 4li

Carabidac i*"

(xyrinidae -

cnaviconiia :

Staphyliniclac '.•< '

Pselaphidac 1 U4

Scydmaenidae 38

Coccinellidae 34

Histeridae 40

Other families ... 228

Cleridae 67

Enprestidae !' 1

Elateridac lin

Eucnemidae 44

Dascillidae 1

Lycidae > 128

Telephoridae, etc. . J

Heteromera 303

Copridae 52

Passalidae 15

Lueanidae 22

Melolonthidae 53

Kutelidac 2(i

Dynastidae 7

Cetoniidae 5G

Ciirculioiiidae 442

Brentliidae 5C

Anthribidae 158

151

Prionidae 2

Lamiidae 208

Cerambycidac 159

Clirysomelidac :

Crioccrinac. "|

Clythrinae.

Eumolpinac,

Chrysomclinac.

Haltieiiiae 90

Galerucinae 220

Hispiiiae 34

Cassidinae 24

3181)

A few of the new forms have Ijeen described l)v G. J. Arrow,
M. Cameron, (t. C Champion, and myself, in the " Trans. Ent. Soc.
London," " Ann. and Mag. Nat. History," and the " Ent. Monthly
Magazine."

Esher.

January 1919.

ON THE BirllTISH SPECIES OF DRY OPS.
BY 1). SHARP, Al.A., IMi.S.

The following remarks on (jur species of Parnus (now called
Drijops) may be found useful as an addition to Fowler's Coleopt.
Brit. Isls., vol vi, pp. lo-i-136. They are suggested by Signor Dodero's
study of the European forms (Ann. Mus. Genova, xlviii, 1918, pp. 101-
120, pi. ii). A series of oui- British species was sent by Mr. Champion
and myself to Signor Dodero, and as Dodero refers to these specimens
we have the certainty of what we are to understand from his study,
lie is one of the most competent and careful of the students of Micro-
Coleoptera, and it is veiw satisfactory to lind tliat his conclusions are
quite the same as regards our British species as those 1 liad previously
i-eached. It is desii'ablc to emphasise this, as Fowler's remarks might
give rise to the idea that t)ur species arc very doubtful.

'ihe three species a/rr/c/daf/is, (//■/sei/s. and iiit(/lica/ti(S form a

1919.] i-W

i^'i-oup :i])avt from tlie others. ;is they exhibit a sexii;!.! iliuiorphisra o£ the
wings. In the female the apical portion of the wing is much abbre-
viated, though the organs appear to be quite suitable for flight. In the
other species tlie wings art^ sexually hoinonutrphic.

1 . Dri/opa anr/citlaf/tn (Fourcv. V ncr Oliv.). — This species is readilv
distinguished from D. li/ridiis by its moi-e elongate form and the whitish
sheen of its surface ; it has a narrower, more convex head, and longer
antennae with a paler shield. The aedeagus differs from that of all the
other species, inasmuch as it is somewhat dilated at the junction of
the basal and forcipital ]wrtions. I know of only two localities foi- it in
this country, viz. Ramnor near Broekenhurst (wdiere it occurs in fair
iHUubcrs, mixed with D. lurithis and D. atriatellmi. in a small pond
about eight yards in eircinnference), and Horning, in Norfolk, where it
occurred in company with Z>. unglicanus. The locality " Sway," men-
tioned by Signor Dodero, is a mistake, the specimens 1 sent to him came
from liamnor, which is about three miles from the Sway pits. When
alive it may be picked out from the other species with ease and certainty
by its white appearance and its shape.

According to Ganglbauer this is Parnus proHferlcornis Er., and
he appears to have changed the name to auriciilafus in defei'ence to the
statement of Des Gozis (Recherche, p. 9 ) tliat this is the (no'iciihifufi of
Olivier. If Olivier's description goes for anything, Des Gozis was wrong ;
if the description does not go for anything, 1 do not know why Des Gozis
should have changed the name. Ganglbauer gives Fourcroy as the first
describer ; the identifications of his species are notoriously dou])tfnl.
Hence this name, recently adopted, is no more certain tlian the one it
has replaced.

2. D. f/rise/fn Er., Sturm, and Gangll)auer. — This insect is much
broader than (n/r/culatii-^. and is certainly distinct from it. The aedeagus
is cylindrical and parallel- sided in its basal portion, the outline of the
forcipital portion is almost triangular, and the point is very shai-p.

D. ijriiteus appears to be very rare in this country. 1 captui-ed it
nuiu}^ years ago at Hammersmith Marshes and at Morden, Surrey, both
of which places have ceased to l)e entomological localities. I have also
u beautiful male individual, for which I am indebted to Mr. Jas. Edwards,
from Horning ; and of recent years it has occm-red in fair nnnd)ers at
Sway and Holmsley, Hants. It is the D. uuriculatus of Mr. Edwards's
note in the Ent. Mo. Mag. 190S, p. 102. According to Dodero, the
species is widely distributed in Europe and western Asia, where it
extends as far as Samareand.

78 [April,

3. D. anglicamis Edwai'ds. — Dodero has seen only four examples of
this species : three of them from England, and the fourth from an old
collection with a wrong name, and the locality Caucasus, which he has
no doubt is wrong. The species will, however, prohablj'' be found in the
marshes about Lille ; it is a fen insect, and has, since its original dis-
covery, been found by Mr. C. J. C. Pool in the Cambridgeshire fens.
It is a thoroughly separate species, though the external resemblance to
both anriculatiis and f/riseiis is very great.

4. 7). luridns Er., Sturm, Ganglbauer.— This species is flatter and
shorter than the three preceding, and the outline of the head, seen
directly from tlie front, easily distinguishes it from them ; its pre-
dominant colour is brownish, not greyish, the shield of the antenna is
black or blackish in colour, and the club of the antenna is blunter and
shorter than in the two larger, grey forms.

This is the prolifericornis of most of our collections in this country,
where it is one of the most abundant of our aquatic Coleoptera. It
occurs all over England and Scotland, and is found in all sorts of
waters, running and stagnant. In the New Forest it is in great pro-
fusion among the shingle near the edges of the water, and if this be
pushed into the stream, the beetle rises, floats, and takes wing from the
surface of the water in a charming manner — this, however, I have
witnessed only in warm weather.

5. D. striatellus Fairm. {aJgiriGiis Ganglbauer). — This is very close
to D. luridun, but is rather smaller and blacker, and tliough it has a
greyish sheen when fresh it never exhibits the brown colour of D. luri-
ihts. The antennae are shorter than in Inridus. The aedeagus is more
slender, and its apical part comparatively more elongate. The species
usually has the striation of the elytra more distinct, but this character
is a very variable one in the genus, and should not be much relied on.

T>. s/riaiellus is abundant in the New Forest and at Woking, but I
have not seen it from any locality north of the Thames. Dodero gives four
French localities only for sfriatfllus. D. ahjiric.vs is another species.

G. Z>. nifidnlvs Heer, Sturm, (langlbauer. — Easily distinguished
fi'om D. ernesti by the more approximate antennae. I have seen but
few British examples and .they vary so much that I think it possible
tliere may be more than one species among them. Dodero gives localities
in France, Italy, and Auotria for the species, as well as Freshfield in
Lancashire. His figure of the aedeagus does not agree satisfactorilv
with our British examples, and a further study of our forms is desirable.

1010,1 i^g

7. I), ernesti Des Gozis, Ganglbauer. — Distinguislicd from all the
other species b}- the widely separated antennae. Tins is the aiiriculatvs
of our old collections, and it is a great pity that the name has been
changed by Des Gozis on account of his belief that the D. auriculatvs
of Olivier Avas another species. D. erripsfi is fairly conunon in Scotland,
but the few English examples I have seen are inadequate for me to
decide whether there may not be more than one s])ecies among them.

I may mention that D. lutvlentufi Er. was included as Bi'itish in
the catalogue of Fowler and Matthews. I do not know on what grounds,
lu is probable that we have one or two other species in addition to
those here enumerated, but I have never seen an}' British example of
D. liffithnhfs.

Brockenhurst.

Marc/i ntfi, 1919.

TWENTY-FIVE YEAES IN SOUTH DEVON. A LEPIDOPTERIST'S
EETROSPECT.

BY C. M. MATOR.

(Concluded from p. 32.)

Lencania vitelUnn. — Our first specimen of this delicate and attrac-
tive moth came to sugar on August 18th, 1899, and was soon followed
up by several more. In the following year it was a month later, but
far more numerous, as we sometimes got seven or eight per night. In
subsequent years it generally put in an appearance during September or
October. L. viteUitia is very skittish at sugar, with its wings all
atremble, and wants quickly boxing or will likeh'' enough be gone in a
flash. In this respect it is very different from

Laphygma twigua, which sits sluggish and quiet and may be
examined leisurely by lantern -light. My first introduction to this
interesting species was in the second week of August 1897, when
three specimens were discovered amongst a heap of commoner moths
taken for me b}' a friend. In 1898, exigua seems to have been absent,
but in 1899 it again put in an appearance, and I got three more in the
first week of September, all at sugar and in the same district. 1900,
however, was an exigua yeai-. In the latter half of September and
throughout October qmte a considerable number occurred, sometimes as
many as fifteen in an evening. I think not far short of one hundred
Avere taken by myself and friends. The autumn of the year in question
was, as stated before, remarkable for the success of sugaring. The

80 f^pi"'''

majority of the examples of exifjua were not quite perfect ; biit some,
on the other hand, were large and in fine condition. In 1901 the species
did not turn up, and in 1902 only one worn female was seen. The year
1903 is described in our Diarj' as prohahly the worst autumn for col-
lecting ever experienced. Heavy winds and pouring rain succeeded each
other in monotonous procession. We did not meet with exiyna again
until 1906, when it turned up in numbers that fairly staggered us. If
1900 had been a good year for it, 190G was a far lietter one. It a])-
peared, too, very .suddenh% as up to Septeml)er 3rd not a .specimen had
been seen. Two nights later no less than thirty-two were taken, and
this number was exceeded afterwards, exigva continuing very much in
evidence until tlic middle of October. We have no record for 1907 or
19()S. Some friends have been very successful in breeding it from ova
deposited by captured females, and have obtained a second and, I rather
think, even a third genei'ation, which, liowever, showed signs of de-
generation.

Stilbia anomala occurred, but very locally, having been taken fairly
commonly only in one spot on the wing at dusk and also at sugar. I
have seen it at rest, ]>robably freshly emerged. Imnging to the wires of u
fence upon which we used to put our sugai'.

All attempts to find Helioplwhiia liispiduR failed, though this
beautiful, insect occurred plentifully a few miles away, and I have l>r(Hl
many of them from larvae talcen in the latter locality.

JTrliollnn iiclt'Kjfra. — Though I suppose this would be considered a
more plentiful insect than li. armigern, we never met with it in any
stage until August 1897, when I captured a beautiful and freshly
emerged specimen at sugared tlowers of Hvdheclcia in my garden, on a
rather cold and brilliantly clear night. The year 1906 turned out to be
a great pelf i(j era yuciv. We started by talcing them at flowers of Sileiie
maritima on May 31st whilst after Dcilepliila livornica,oi wdiich latter
we were fortunate in getting two that evening and several more during
the next few days. Early in Jul}' we found numbers oi pelti(/era larvae
on plants of rest-harrow growing on the coast ; these fed up and began
emerging on August lltli. Towards the end oi the month peltigeni
came freely to sugar and we took our last specimen on October 3rd, —
the last for the year and also the last we saw, as 1 can find no note of
its having occurred with us since.

R. armifjern is far more constant in om- neighbourhood than the
preceding species though never numerous. First taken at the end of
August, 1S98. In September the year following I got as many as five
in a single evening — quite my record! In 1900 a few. Six in 1901.

1919.]

81

The next two years we did not meet with armif/rrff at all ; hut it has
turned up sevei-al times since then. All taken at sugar. I have in vain
saeriliced beautiful full-bodied females of this moth for ova. which were
freely deposited, but never, proved fertile.

I must say a few words about Ckiradrinu amhicjuu, because some
years ago this moth was one of the chief attractions to collectors visiting-
Devon. We first took it in or about the year ISOi, but, unfortunately
for us, failed to recognize it. In those days amhif/uo seems to have
been not very well known, us w^e sent specimens of it to an authoritv
who returned them as blanJa ! Our first two examples were taken on a
street-lamp immediately in front of my house, but, though we were
doubtful about their identity, it was not until 1896 that they wei'e
picked out for us by Mr. G. T. Porritt, who immediately detected them
amongst some other Caradrinas we had sent him. In 1897 amhiyua
swarmed on the coast. We took over three hundred at sugar in August
that year, and the demand for exchange purposes was so great that we
could easily enough have disposed of double the nvimber. Though it
has occurred, probably, every year since, I have never found amhigita so
plentiful again, and, indeed, in some years it has been almost scarce.
This moth besides being attracted by sugar and light, comes to Ivv
bloom, on which I have often found late sjjecimens in October.

Lithosia ccmiola. — No account of Devonshire insects would be
complete without reference to this delicate and local little " Footman."'
When we first discovered it in 1895, cairiola was quite a stranger to
us, and it took us several years to find its headquai'ters. I remembci-
being in Torquay one August in the ''nineties"' and, going out for a walk-
on Hope's Nose in the evening, I encountered a party of collectors who,
after having sugared the district extensively, were trying for cmriohi
down the cliff-sides with long-handled nets. This set me thinking, and
upon returning to mv own town, I determined to seek caniola in some
such situations. Eventually I discovered a cove by the sea where this
moth tiirned out to be in strength, and for many years afterwards —
indeed, so long as I continued to look for it — it never failed to be present
there generall}^ as strong as, or stronger than, ever, in spite of per.sistent
collecting. If 1 were at home I never failed to visit this cove on or
about .J\dy 11th, as weather conditions seemed little to afPect the time
of appearance. From that date until the middle of August one could
generally obtain conioln on the wing at dusk in the immediate vicinity
of the cove.

In 1899 we caus'ht about 60 ; but in 1906, wliich was a good vear

82 [April.

fov coast species, this moth was specially abundant and we had no
difficvilty in obtaining 80 in an evening, either on the winger at rest on
grass-stalks. So fai- as we could tell, en n tola was practically confined to
this COAX". I do not mean to say that we never got it any distance away,
because I have taken specimens from street-lamps half a mile fi'om the
sea, and also odd ones up and down the coast. But it is very local. Large
numbers of larvae wei'e taken in the spring without apparently having
much effect in reducing the subsequent numbers of the perfect insect. Tn a
letter I have before me from the late Mr. (J. C. Bignell, he wrote that
ho took larvae of caiiiola on Bolthead, Devon, so long ago as 1S72.

Spliiu.r {■oiiro/r/il/. — This line insect visits us during the autumn,
sometimes in considerable numbers, though certainly not every year. 1
made two very large cyanide jars specially for convolvuli, and on several
occasions have caught them in such quick succession that both jars had
to be emploA'cd. Each season I usually grew a big bed of Nicotinna
(t.ffinh for the particular delectation of these monsters, and they were
very kind in sliowing their appreciation. In 1901 I took quite a
nmnber, including some very ])erfect and beautiful specimens. In our
garden was a large vinery, and several self-sown plants of tobacco had
come into ilowei" thei'e. By leaving all the windows and doors open at
night I found that coni^oh'iili was attracted inside and easily secm'cd at
I'cst on the woodwork in the early morning.

1 recollect once i-eading that (S*. lignsfri (with us quite one of the
connnonest of the hawk-moths) did not visit ITicotiana flowers like
cnnrolr/fli. Tliis, however, is qm'te a n.iistake, and probably arose from
the fact that tb.e tobacco is not usually in bloom early enough for
J/f/uf;fr/. One year I grew a big batch of this ]>lant under glass, and
witli lie;i\y doses of artiiicial stinndants they made magnificent heads of
!)Iooms. To make room foi- other things I turned them all out of doors
wliile still in flower, and watched in the evening to see whether they
wen; visited by any insects. S. ligiistri came in numbers, and it was a
])retty sight to watch them bending down the long thin stalks of the
])lants, from which I liad taken the supporting sticks.

GaUiinorplni dominula. — Twenty years ago a very strong colony of
this exotic-looking moth existed in a cove in our cliffs. The larvae were
usualh'^ in great abundance in the spring, and T have taken a hundred in
(juite a few minutes by cautiously climbing down the steep clilf-sides.
Care was necessar\% as a fall might result in a watery grave in the sea
))cl()w. How gorgeous, later on, were the moths, flying about in the
hottest smishine! Unfortunately, collectors from other places got to
hear of the presence of dominula there, with the resvilt that it has been

1819.] 83

all hut extcnninated. T have tried the lavvae ow scveml foods, hut none
is eaten with such avidity as Anclnisa sfiiipervirens. It seems peculiar
that this species never, so far as I know, strayed from the small cove in
which it had heen established so man}^ years. One might suppose that
adjoining and similar situations would have suited it equally well. But
such was apparently not the case.

It will he noticed that I have omitted all mention of butter-
flies in this paper. There ai'O two reasons for this omission : fii'st,
because I was usually busy during the daytime with my own work
and thus had little time to give them; second, that though my friend
was a man of leisure and did make excursions after butterflies, when I
occasionally accompanied him, we never met with anything of sufficient
interest to record from otir neighbourhood. 1 must mention, however, one
exception. In the year 1898 an artist friend was out sketching one day and
noticed an abundance of some Fritillary that was flying about near him.
Knowing I was interested in the subject, he told me about this, with
the result that we went in search and soon discovered a very strong
brood of Melifaea atlndia. They were positively in hundreds, and we
captured as many as we Avanted — rather a lot, I fear. Since then
atlialia has been taken in the same spot, but never in the numbers that
appeared in 1898.

Space will not permit any detailed reference to many other inte-
resting species. Indeed, an accovmt of twenty-five years' collecting in
any one place would easily fill a small volume. ISTo reference either has
been made to '• dusking '' for Geometrae, at which ray friend was vei-y
successful, or to pupa-digging, which I pursued with satisfactory results
during the dead months for some years. Ivy-bloom has also been
omitted, as, with few exceptions, we found that most of the frequenters
tif this flower also came to sugar, and were far more easily taken thus.

Bnnk House, Dawlish, S. Devon.
Odohcr 1918.

THE LAEVA AND PUPA OF TAENIORHYNCHVS KICHIARDII Fi<
(DIPTEEA, CULICIDAE).

BY F. W. EDWAHDS, B.A., P.E.S.

Mosquito-larvae of the genera Taeniorliijnchus {Muusonia) and
Mnnsouloid.es have now been known for some time from North
and South America and West Africa, but up to the present the early
stages of the European species (T. ricliiarJii) have not been described.

84 [April.

I am now able tr) state tliat the lavvae of this species have the same
remarkiil)l(' strueturc and hal)it.s as the North American T. lyerturhans
Wlk., /. e. they live among- the roots of water-grasses, from which they
ol)tain their sn)»ply of air hy the aid of a highly modified spiraeular
ajiiKiratus.

The larva of T. pprfifrhans was well described and figured, and its
habits largely elucidated by ■). 11 Smith; all who may be interested
should consult his paper (Ent. News. xix. 1908, p. 22), and that by
(xrosslieek on the pupa in the same volume (p. 478) ; also the condensed
accoiuit in Howard, Dyar. and Knab's " Monograph of the Moscjuitoes of
Nortli America"" (vol. ili, part 1, p. 50S). The early stages of T. riclilardii
prove to be so nearly identical with those of T. perfurhans that by com-
paring specimens of the former with figures and descriptions of the latter
J have been unable to discover any points of difference.* Any detailed
description of T. ricliiardii would therefore be superfluous; nevertheless
several points have come under my notice with regard to our British
s])ecies which have ajiparently been overlooked by earlier writers and yet
seem worthy of being ])laced on record.

7'. ;7'r7;/ry;v7//. abounds, in the winged state, round a pond near my
house at Letchworth, Herts, during June and July; males and females,
the former gi'eatly jireijonderating in numbers, hovering among bidrushes
and grasses round the water's edge. After a number of fruitless attempts,
I succeeded in obtaining about a dozen full-grown larvae, in June 191S,
by pulling up some of the water-gras-; (Glj/cerin Jluitaus) and shaking
out tlu; roots into a white dish. The Ti/pha roots, as well as roots of
other wate]--)>lants, \\ere examined in the same way. l)ut never jdelded
any larvae. Later, in November 1918, a few half-grown larvae were
f(Mnid among the roots of Gli/ceri(i,i so that it may be presumed that,
as in the case of T. itcrlnrhana, our British species spends the winter in
the larval state ; jiroliably there is only one generation in the year.

A number of the larvae were kept under observation in small glass
bottles containing some Ghjceria roots, to which they could be observed
to attach themselves. They would remain for long periods attached in
(Mie s])ot, but nevertheless made frequent moves. Occasionally, especially
when distui-bed, they would rise to the surface of the water and hang
suspended there in the manner of an ordinary mosquito larva. Whether
they would ever do this in nature, and whethei- they could obtain
atmospheric air liy this means, may be doubted.

* It would be quite reasonable to ivgavd these two forms as geographieal races rather thau as
true speeR-^, 3in;e the male genitalia, as well as the larvae and pupae, appear to be idi-ntieal in
3truct;niv. The two can, however, be sharply separated by the coloration of the hind legs.

t One of these sijedmens lived without moulting until January 10th.

1919.1 85

It was j)(is.sil)le to olisel'w in some detail, iuuIlt ;i strong lens, tlie
inovenieiits by wiiieh the larva effeeteil its attaelnneiit to the grass-i-oots :
these are jjerhaps worth deseriliing, but in order to tlo so it will be iieees-
sary to give soiuu aecount of the strueture of the breathing-tube. '^I'his
organ is shorter than in must other eulieine mosquitoes, and far moi-e
eomplex. [t consists of broader basal portion (corresponding to the air-
tube of Culex) and a narrower, black apical portion. This latter is quite
olniously homologous with the valvular closing apparatus of the ordinary
culiclne larva, though this fact does not appear to have been recognized
by previo\is writers on this group of mosquitoes. In TaciiiurliiincIiKs
the dorsal jjairof vanes (always smaller than the ventral) is considerably
reduced in size, but the stout cur\ed In-istle which they carry is, on the
other hand, ver}' strongly developed. The ventral pair of valves are large
and elongate, and form the black apical ijortion of the air-tube ; they are
joined together by membrane, and in this way are modified to form an
immovable sheath for the protection and support of the complex internal
organs. These last comprise a flat piece with a saw-like dorsal keel,
and a pair of sharply pointed pieces on either side of it, attached to the
end of the common hollow space formed by the conjoined tracheal tubes ;
also a ])air of more vcntrally phiced pieces, each with two very strongly
chitinized hooks at the tip, hinged on to a stout axial rod,. which again
is fixed to the junction of the tracheal tubes. Finally, there arc three
pairs of sharp hooks in the membrane at the apex of the ventral valves.

The breathing-tube of Majisunioidcs aj'ricaiius, well described and
ligured by Ingram and Scott Maclie (Bull. Eiitora. liescarch, viii, 1*J17,
pp. 137-140 j, has a closely similar strueture, only differing in certain
minor details, such as the general shape of the air-tube and of the
ventral valves, and the number of teeth in the saw (about 1-1 instead
of about 7).

When the larva approaches a rootlet with the object of affixing
itself, which it does tail-foremost, the first movement which can be
observed is that the strong biistles on the ventral valves are waved
about, and their sharp tips inserted into the spot chosen. Doubtless, as
suggested by Ingram and Maetie, these bristles are sensory, and may
" transmit a stimulus enjoining the larvae to attach themselves.'" The
tips of the ventral valves are then bi-ought into contact with the root,
and the three pairs of hooks, which are normally inside the tips of the
valves, ai'e everted. These hooks are directed posteriorly, the points of
the stout bristles anteriorly, so that between them they can obviously
afford the larva a tolerably firm preliminary " foothold." The hooks, it
should be said, act quite independently of the other internal structures.

tAi,rtl,

The larva tlieii commences a series of violent jerks ; the body, at
first held in a curved [)osition, is suddenly straightened out (without
being lengthened), and at the same moment the anal segment is bent
rapidly downwards. The first position is then more slowly resumed, and
after a brief moment of rest the movement is repeated; this continues
until the tip of the air-tube is firm.ly embedded in the grass root. The
position immediately after the jerking mcn-ement is indicated in the

End of abdonicii of larva of Taeniorhynchus ricldardii to show method of attachment
to Glijcerio. roots. (Considerably diagrammatic.)

D. dorsal (or anterior) valves, bearing stout curved bristles ; V, ventral (or
posterior) valves forming a sheath for the saw ; T, main tracheal trunks ; Ax, axial
rod ; A, extreme tip of brea.thing-tube fiirther enlarged, to show three pairs of hooks
in the membrane, and the two strong black hooks at the tip of one of the internal
pieces ; B, tip of the stovit bristle on the dorsal valves enlarged to same scale as A.

figure by dotted lines, but the anal segment should have been shown
as having moved considerably further. The effect of this movement is
probably to force the contents of the air-tube, including the whole of the
apparatus at the end of the tracheal tubes, outwards.

During or immediately after the jerk the axial rod can be seen to
sway to and fro. This action probably has the effect of " approximating
the terminal elements, so as to form a sharply-pointed cone for thrusting
into the root,"' a function which was suggested for the axial rod by

1919.J , 87

Ingram and Mactie. t'orliaps alM> the muscles producing the detiection
of the anal segment ma\' be attached to the !«\vo]len end of the axial rod,
l)ut this 1 have not been able to observe.

7'. richlartUi has another* remarkable adaptation, apart from those
found in the air-tuhe, which has not been previously ohserved, though it
may he ex])ected to occur in tlie other species of the group. This is the
presence in the tliorax of a pair of large air-sacs, formed by dilatations
of the small tracheal branches which arise from the main trunks in the
lirst abdominal segment and project forwards into the thorax. No trace
of any such dilatations can be seen in any other British mosquito larva,
and they are not indicated in the published figures of any American
species. They can only he compared with the thoracic air-sacs of
Chaoborus (^Corethra) and Jioc/<Zo«^a;, though it is unlikely that they
are the same either in origin or function. I think there can be little
doubt that the air-sacs of Taenlorhynchus act as storehouses for the
oxygen which is obtained with so much difficulty; perhaps they may be
necessary for hibernation, since there can only be a very slight gaseous
circulation in the grass roots during the winter.

The pupa of Taeniorliynclius, like the larva, is adapted [to a sub-
aqueous existence, the tips of the breathing-trumpets being drawn out
into sharply pointed processes which are inserted into the grass roots.
Although 1 have not found a living pupa, and all my larvae died before
pupating, a balsam mount of one specimen shows the pupal breathing-
tube.s very clearly. The terminal portion, which is presumably inserted
into the root, has a beautiful structure, being finely ridged or barbed,
somewhat like a feather, the tip corresponding to the feather's base.

The mode of emergence of the adult T. ijerturhaas has not been
made known, and it will therefore be of interest to record that several
spiecimens of T. rickiardii hatched out in a pail which 1 had brought
home with pond- water ami sods of the grass. The empty pupal skins Avere
found floating on the surface of the water, and the pvipae must therefore
have risen to the surface for the emergence of the adult. An examina-
tion of these skins showed that in every case the terminal portions of the
bre'athing-tubes were missing, hence it must be inferred that they had
been left behind in the roots. Most likely their barbed structure, while
facilitating their insertion, would jjrevent their being withdrawn. There
seems to be a line of weakness at the base of the barbed portion which
might render its detachment easy.

In conclusion, it may be briefly mentioned that several other
Dipterous larvae were found in the same conditions as T. richiardii,

gg ~ [April,

sume of tlitnu showing interesting spiracular modifications for obtaining
their air troni the Gh/ceria roots. These larvae include a Notipli'da.
an Eristaline, and an Erloptcra \ they are l)eing investigated hy
l)r. 1). Keilin.

•")() Norton Koad, Lutchv/orth.
Fchruanj 191'J.

Sicondury sexual character of Glbhiavi svutius F. — Having had a number
ofliving- Gibhium handed to me for my collection b}' Mr. Potter, I carehdly
exannned theiu in the hope of discovering a character whereby they could be
readily sexcd without the necessity of dissecting out the genitalia, and to my
satisfaction found that the mah' has a long upright tubercle on the uieta-
sternum between the posterior coxae ; in the female this is only very slightly
indicated, so that they can be quite easily separated by examining the meta-
steruura. This character was verilied in half-a-dozen different specimens by
dissecting out the genitalia. — II. BitiTTKN, 22 Birch drove, Jjevenshulnie,
Manchester : 3Iarch 7th, 1910.

iJiubroticu s»rur Ja-c. in Glainorijanshire. — L took an exarajde of this North
American insect crawling on some saud-hdls near the sea at (iower in April
1918. This Galerucid beetle is known in the U.y.A. as a pest on maize.
I iini much indebted to Dr. Gahau fur ideutifying the s])ecies. — PI. E. Daa'jd,
Yscallog, Lhiudatr. Glamorgan: March 15th, 1019.

Notes 0)1' the occurrence of some I'liiiiduc diul Derinestidac in old cidlon-
mills at Droylsden, near Ma^ichester. —

Ptinns tectus Boield. — One specimen taken in August 1917, in mill.

Niptus hololcHcns Fall. — Found in a hottse at" Droylsden in abundance
during 1917 and 1918. Specimens were frequently seen in the pantry after
nightfall, as tjiey came i3ut foraging, the insect retiring as the light ap-
proached into little chinKs under the shelves and nail-holes. Two examples
taken in mill.

Trit/oHoyenlns (jlobulum Sol. — Eleven specimens, four of which were found
dead in the tiro-buckets, the remainder I took by making little traps of sugar
wdiich proved an attraction for them. The dates of capture are as follows :
one specimen, June 1917, one on July 15th, 1918, the remainder in Januarv
and February, 1919.

Gibhium scotias F. — On iMarch 9th, 1918, on ripping off a piece of iiuif
from the wall, an insect was discovered which looked like a small spider ;
this, however, on unfolding its legs, showed itself to be a beetle. On May 20th,
1918, a second example was loimd, creeping on the wall. On January 19th, 1919,
I found one dead in a tire-buckel, and on January 21st two more, this convincing-
me that they occurred some where else in the mill, and that those I had already
found were only str;iy ones. I therefore sought and obtained permission to
visit the mill when the machinery was stopped. On February 2ud, 1919, I
went in and succeeded in tinding the colony. It is evidently a warmth-loving

1919.] 89

insect, the place tliey liad selected beiug about eight yards from an upright
steam-pipe ; here, amongst bits of bread, scraps of bacon, tea-leaves, and abun-
dance of grains of sugar, I captured 22 specimens, subsequently bringing the
total to over 100 living and 12 dead ones. I also found tlie pupa-cases, which
are of a papery texture.

Dermestcs vulpinus F. — Eleven males and three females, taken on various
occasions. The cast slcins of the larva are frequently found. The dates of
capture are as follows : one specimen, 9.iii.l91S, another, 20.V.1918, the
remainder, January and February, 1919.

Attayenus pellio L. — One specimen found creeping on a wall, March 8th,
1918. - W. Potter, -5 Buller St., Droylsden, Manchester: March I2th, 1919.

]S\/fes on Derbidae in the British Museum Collection, II : a correction. — In
the " Entomologists' Monthly Magazine" for November 1918, on page 243,
line 6, the following corrections should be made : for "The genera Kermesia
Dist., Alara Uist., Inxioala Dist.," read " The genera Kermesia Melieh., Phaco-
neura Kiik., In.vwala Dist." This group also includes Paranisia Mats, and
Uponisia Mats. — F. Muir, Honolulu, T.H. : Jamiary 22nd, 1919.

llihernating Andrenas. — On October 20th, 1918, I dug out of a sandy
bank at Market Bosworth, Leicestershire, where Andrena clarkellu burrows
had been observed in the spring, a number of both sexes of that insect.
Again, on October 23rd, at Peckleton, in the same county, I unearthed more
of the same species. On October 31st, at the Outwoods, Atherstone, Warwick-
shire, I dug up numerous examples of Andre^ia cinf/ulata, both J and $ . In
all cases the bees were in perfect condition, contained in the larval cells, and
there was no trace of larvae. Since F. Smith states that Andre7ias pass the
winter in the larval state, it would be interesting to know to what extent he
is incorrect. Saunders gives instances of Andreiia cineraria, A. fulva, and
A. niijroaenea having been dug up in December, and the spring species might
be expected to mature early ; but A. ciwjulata is a midsummer insect, and it
seems remarkable that it should reach maturity in the autumn of the year
previous to emergence. — L. A. Box, 80 Xorthampton lioad, Croydon :
March ith, 1919.

@bi Inarm

Frederick DuCane Godman, D.C.L., F.R.S., etc., third son of Joseph
Godman of Park Hatch, Godalming, Surrey, died on February 19th at his
London residence, 45 Pont Street, S.W., in his 86th year, and was buried at
Oowfold, not far from his Sussex home at South Lodge, Lower Deeding, on
February 24th. Long accounts of his life and untiring activity as a Traveller,
Field Naturalist, Ornithologist, Entomologist, Sportsman, etc., have been pub-
lished in the Jubilee Supplement to the "Ibis" (1908, pp. 81-92), and in the
Introductory Volume of the "Biologia Centrali-Americana " (1915), to which,
in this necessarih'^ restricted notice, we are able'to add some particulars as to
his entomological work. He was born at Park Hatch on January loth, 1834,
and educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in 1853, he made
the acquaintance of the two brothers Newton and of Osbert Salvin, all three of

90 f^^P"'

tliem having- a great love for Natural History, particularly Ornithology. His
close and life-long friendship with Salvin, terminating only with the death of
the latter in 1898, resulted in the initiation and subsequent publication ©f the
" Biologia," of which they were the joint Editors. This stupendous illustrated
work on the Natural History of a portion of Tropical America, certainly the
largest undertaking of the kind that has hitherto been published, the Zoology
alone extending to 52 volumes, of which no fewer than 38 are devoted to the
Insecta, was commenced in 1879 and finished in 1915. The volumes dealing
with the Aves and Rhopalocera were undertaken by the Editors themselves,
and as regards the Rhopalocera they were the first entomologists to study
and figure the J genital armature of the extremely numerous and perplexing
Central American Hesj)eriidae, 34 plates being devoted to these alone in the
" Biologia." The present writer was employed on this great enterprise from
its initiation, and for upwards of four years he travelled in CTuatemala and the
State of Panama, collecting material for it, subsequently acting as sub-editor
till the work was concluded. He owes his career as an entomologist entirely
to the encouragement, liberality, and friendship with Goduian, with whom he
remained in close association in his natural history woi'k for forty years. It is
a matter for sincere congratulation that Godnian lived to see the finish of this
great book, the work of carrying it on for seventeen years after Salvin's death
having been extremely onerous. His other work on Entomology, mostly written
in conjunction with Salvin and published in the Proceedings of the Zoological
and other Societies, deals mainly with Tropical American Rhopalocera, the first
paper being dated 1868, and the last, by himself alone, 1907, both contributed
to the " Annals and Mngazine of Natural History," and it may be noted here
that in the fiist article in Vol. I of the " Entomologist's INIonthly Magazine"
(June 1864) H. W. Bates described various new butterflies caytured by them
in Central America. In 1861 the two Editors of the '•'Biologia" made a
joint expeditii)n to Briti.sh HniKhuas and Guatemala, and long afterwards,
in 1888, Godman visited Me^ico alone, the results of these journeys con-
tributing largely to the material fir their book, 425 species of Rhopalocera
having been taken by one or other of them in Guntemala and Panama.
In 1865 Godman made a voyage to the Azore**, taking with him a well-
known Coleopterist, J. A. Brewer, and in 1870 published in an octavo
volume a detailed account of the Flora and Fauna of those interesting
Oceanic islands. The 212 species of beetles recorded from there, all named
by G. R. Crotch, were subsequently handed over to the British Museum.
In 1879 Godman made a collecting-trip to the Fiench, Italian, and Swiss
Alps, in company with 0. Salvin, II. J. Elwes, and W. A. Forbes, the last-
named entomologist contributing a paper on the subject to this Magazine in
April 1880, entitled "Three weeks' collecting in the Alps," in which 103 species
of buttertlies were stated to have been captured.

Godman was a Fellow of the Royal, Linnean, Zoological, and many other
Societies, and Treasurer to the Ray Society for some years, and in 1891 and
1892 he was President of the Entomological Society of London, his Ftdlowship
dating back to 1865. As recently as May last he was awarded the Gold
Medal of the Linnean Society for his " Services to the Science of Natural
History." The whole of his zoological collections were presented to the British
Museum, of which, in 1896, he became a Tru.>^tee. Tiie Janson collection of

1319.] g^

Ulateridae {mchidiug tliat of Candeze), acquirod for the study of the Central
American forms, was also given by him to that Institution.

Godmau will need no otlier memorial than the " Biologia." Yet though
he gave himself heart and soul to this great work, sparing no labour or expense
in its production, he was no literary recluse or mere hobby-rider. His greatest
wish was to foster the love of knowledge, and the value of scientific training
was ever present to his mind. Natural Science, not alone Zoology, was the
dominating influence of his life, and his receptive well-balanced mind coupled
with an extraordinary power of observation enabled him to acquire a breadth
of knowledge given to few. He was the least ostentatious of men ; in evidence
of this it may here be stated that his many gifts made in the interest of science
Wire invariably without restriction or stipulation as to the association of his
name in connection with them. Apart from the great value of these dona-
tions to the Museum, their scientific worth was enormously enhanced by being-
incorporated in the classified collections, a work Avhich has been carried out
— partly at his own expense — over a long period of yeais. His help was ever
unobtrusively given and his sympathetic interest in the lives of others will cause
his memory to be held in afl'ectionale remembrance. In truth, Godman was one
of those of whom it may be said — " He prayeth well who loveth well, both man
and bird and beast." He married in 1872 Edith Mary Elwes of Colesborne,
Cheltenham, who died in 1875, and, in 1891, Alice Mary Chaplin, leaving
two daughters by the second wife. In the dedication to the " Introductory
Volume " of the " Biologia " he acknowledges the great assistance and
sympathy given him by his wife, now I)ame Alice Godman, in the completion
of the work. The portrait accompanying this notice is reproduced from a
photograph taken by Van Dyck about 1907. — G. C. 0.

William Denison Roebuck. — By the death of William Uenison Roebuck,
at the age of 68, which took place on February 15tli last, Yorkshire has lost
one of its best and most prominent naturalists ; and by not many will his
loss be felt more than by the writer of this notice, who was closely associated
with him for forty or more years in Natural History work.

Although best known as a Concliologist — he was a high authority on
Limacology, — Roebuck from his youth took a very great interest in insects,
and few have done more for Entomological Science in Yorkshire than he. At
one time he was greatly interested in British Hymenoptera, and was respon-
sible for the list of that group in the Victoria History of Yorkshire, as he
also was for the entire Entomological chapters in the Victoria Histories of
some of the other northern counties of England.

He was rarely, if ever, absent from the meetings — even committee
meetings— of the Entomological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union^
and only at the Annual Meeting of the Section in October last undertook to
compile for publication a list of the Heiniptera of the county. For a great
part of his life he had kept records, with references, of all the papers and notes,
not only to all orders of insects, but to all the other branches of natural history
referring to Yorkshire and adjoining counties — when he could do so, cutting-
out the papers and notes themselves, and filing those of the various authors
separately, He was thus able at any moment to turn to any information

92 tApril.

Avauted on auy subject connected with North of England Natural History,
which had been published since auy interest whatever has been taken in
natural science in these counties. His help to science in this way has been
incalculable. He was personally known to almost every naturalist in York-
shire and Lincolnshire, and probably but few of them were unfamiliar with
his characteristic, clear, bold handwriting.

As he was fortunately possessed with sufficient of this world's goods to
enable him to live comfortably without profession or business, he was able
to devote the whole of his time to congenial pursuits, and by far the most of
it was spent in the furtherance of Natural Science. His favourite hobby was
undoubtedly tlie Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, and from the time of his first
connection with it, when he was quite young, his work on its behalf was
untiring and indefatigable. It was on his suggestion that the Union, very
many years ago, adopted the system of the British Association of working the
different departments in " Sections," which has proved so successful ever since.
¥oY nearly thirty years he was its honorary secretary, and, besides doing all
the ordinary detail work, edited its " Transactions" and saw through the press
many of the important works on. the Fauna and Flora of the County wiiich it
has published. For eighteen years (1884 to 1902) he edited the " Naturalist,"'
part of the time in co-operation with Dr. W. Eagle Clarke ; and also was
author, in conjunction with Dr. Clarke, of "The Vertebrate Fauna of York-
shire," published in 1881. Besides the Y. N. U., he was interested in many
other Scientific Associations. He had been a Fellow of the Linnean Society
since 1884, and had been President of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, and
also of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union.

Born at Leeds, he resided there all his life, with the exception of a short
period of his youth, when he lived at Paunal, near Harrogate. His remains
were cremated at Lawnswood Cemetery, Leeds, on February 19th, the service
being attended by many members of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union and
oiher Societies. — G. T. P.

ON THE ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ITS APPENDAGES IN THE
LARVAE OF SCATOPSIDAE AND BIBIONIDAE (DIPTERA NEMA-
TOCERA), WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE PARASITES OF THESE
LARVAE.

BY D. KEILIN, SC.D.

(from the Quick Laboratory, University of Cambridge).

The external morphology of the larva of Scatopse notata was first
described and figured by Perris in 1847, and tlie detailed structure of
the head, mouth-parts, and spiracles was recently given by de Meijere
(1916) and by Morris (1918). The internal organs of this larva, and
especially its digestive system, have not hitherto received attention.

The structure of the alimentary canal of this larva is as follows : —
(Fig. 1.) The oesophagus (Oe.) is very short and ends in the proventri-
culus (P/\) or oesophageal valve ; the latter joins with the mid-gut

1019.]

93

{m.g.), which forms a straight tube, narroAving slightly posteriorly, and
ending in the posterior part of the body. From the anterior portion of
the mid-gut, close to the proventriculus, arise two very long lateral
caeca (a.c.) which run backwards and are closely apposed to both sides
of the mid-gut. The surfaces of these caeca show a series of deep trans-
verse folds. Two other lateral caeca arise from the posterior portion of
the mid-gut, some distance in front of the Malpighian tubes. These

Fig. 1.— Alimentary canal of the larva of Scatopse notata -. Oe., oesophagus
Pc, proventriculus ; a.c, anterior lateral caeca : m.g., mid-gut ; p.c, posterior
caeca ; M,, Malpighian tubes ; h.g., hind-gut.

posterior lateral caeca (2).c.) are directed forwards and are not fixed to
the mid-gut along their lateral borders ; the}' are shorter than the
anterior caeca, and also show the transverse folds, especially in their
basal portions.

The four strongly-pigmented Malpighian tubes (M.) arise sepa-
rately at the junction of the mid- and hind-gut. The latter (h.ff.),
after making a short bend forward and then backward, ends in the anus.

94

[April,

I have found a similar structure of 1-I.0 r
other la.-vae of *«'«.«*.-&„.„;;;,;, V ^ 7. T t"°

ihe alimentary system of the Bih,-nn,Vl i

Kg. a.-Alimentirr cansl of Bibionid larvae ■ a -.^ !,'"»,,■ .

(fig. 2, A) three anterior cappq (n n\ t

being shorter than the me. ve ft . "T T *'" '™ '^*^"'

aUmentar, tube, at the j to ! 't " '"V^'T'I""" ^'"^ °' ''"^

»w.hort .et.ro. ^hiehi-Lrtrw^is:-:

1919.] 95

(fig. 2, B). There is no posterior caecum connected with the mid- or
hind-gut.

In the larva of Bib/'o joliannis L., a good description of which we
owe to Morris (1917), the four Malpighian tubes also arise from a
common duct, but this joins the left side of the alimentary tube.
Besides the three anterior caeca, this larva shows a posterior caecum
which originates from the venti'al side of the posterior end of the
mid-gut, the caecum being directed forward. The alimentary canal of
the larva of Dilophus vulgaris Meig., described by de Meijere (1915,
p. 185), and D. fehrilis L. (fig. 2, C) is similar to that of B. jo-
liannis L., as described by Morris, except that the Malpighian tubes
in Dilophus arise fram the dorsal side of the alimentary tube.

Anterior lateral caeca of similar structure to those in the Scatopse
larvae also exist in all the larvae of the Mycetophilidae and Ditomyidae
{Ditomyia and Symmerus), but the two posterior lateral caeca of Sea-
topsidae have not hitherto been observed in other Dipterous larvae.
The single posterior caecum, as seen in Bibionid larvae, was found by
Dufour (quoted by Morris) in the larva of Tipida lunata L., and by
Anthon (1908) in that of Ctenophora aiiyusfipeiinis Lw. In a Tipulid
larva, boring in a dead branch of elm, I found a posterior caecum of a
very large size. In other Tipulid larvae (for example that of -E^?-
phrayma oceUaris L. ) this caecum is very much reduced. It is possible
that the study of other Bibionid larvae will supply the link between the
forms with a very well-developed posterior caecum and those which, like
Bihio hortulanus, do not possess a trace of this organ.

Very few parasites have been recorded on the larvae of Bibio.
Lyonet (1832) has recorded a mite and a nematode which he found on
a Bibio larva, but he states that he was unable to say whether they were
true parasites.*

Malloch (1917, p. 300), who reared a Hymenopteron from one of
his breeding-cages containing Bibio larvae, doubted its parasitic relation
to Bibio. Morris states that he never met a parasite of Bibio joliannis
L., and he quotes only the previous observations of Lyonet and those of
Malloch.

* The following is a passage containing his observations :—" J 'ai trouve sur ce ver deux sortes
d'insectes. Je ne puis dire s'ils sont parasites, ou si le hasard les y a fait rencontrer. Le premier
avoit environ une ligne de longueur. II etoit blanc, plat et extrcmenient minte. C'e'toit une espfeee de
Taenia sans articulation. L'un de ses bouts me parut romiiu. II se donna beauooup de mouvements
mais sans avancer ni reeulcr. La fig. 14 en fait voir la forme ties en grand, et la fig. 3 trace assez
grosaierement celle de I'autre insecte, que je ne pus bien repre'sienter, parce qu'il m'echappa lorsque
je commenijai a en deasiner les contours. II etait plus petit qu'une mite, avait huit jambes, et
I'extremite de son corps etoit fouichue, dans le s^Mig que la figure le fait voir." I)e Haan, who
edited Lyonet's work and who was responsible for the explanations of his figures, deserves credit for
recognising Lyonet's " Taenia without articulation " as a Nematode. On the other hand, it is diffi-
cult 10 understand his explanation of Lyonet's fig. 3 (p. o. vii) as a " louse found on the larvae," for
the figure itself, as well as Lyonet's test, clearly shows that it is a mite.

96 [^i"'i''

To these supposed parasites, of which the Nematode of Lyonet is
the onh^ one which seems to be certain, we may add the gregarine
Schneider i a mucronata Leger, which occurs in the mid-gut and anterior
caeca of Bibionid larvae. In this connection it is somewhat interesting
to note that the other species of the genus Sclineideria, S. cmidata Sieb,,
also occurs in the same region in Mycetophilid larvae {Sciara nitidicollis).

In Bibionid larvae collected both in France and in Cambridge I
have also observed an epidemic bacterial disease. The affected larvae
appear motionless and stiff, and the slightest puncture of the diseased
larva's skin with a sharp needle leads to all the liquid in the larva
o-ushing out, the insect's body becoming flat and flabby. The liquid
extracted from these larvae when examined microscopically shows an
enormous number of bacteria. When the disease appears among the
larvae in a breeding-jar it spreads rapidl}', and 150 to 200 larvae
usually become affected in a few days. All these larvae die with their
alimentary canal full of food. I have not yet noticed this disease in
any other Dipterous larvae. Seatopsid larvae, however, are often infected
by a Microsporidium, probabl}^ a Glugea, which invades the epithelial
cells of the mid-gut and caeca.

References.

Anthon, S. I. (1908). Tlie hiiva of Ctenuphora anijustipennis Loew. Journ.

of Murpliology, vol. xix, pp. 541 -oOO, tigs. l-o3.
Leger, L. (1892). liecherches sur les Gregarines. Theses. Poitiers. {See

p. 153.)
Lyonet, P. de (1832). Piecherclies sur rAn.atoniie et les Metamorphoses de

differentes especes d'lusectes. Oiivrage posthuiu. publi(5 par W. de

Haan. Paris, J. Ballierej 580 pp., 54 planches. {See pp. 61-02 and

552-553.)
Malloch, J. It. (1917). A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of

Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines

in certain families. Part 1, Bull, of the Illinois, St. Labor, of Nat. Hist.

vol. xii. [See p. 500.)
Meijerk, J. C. H. DE (1916). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren-Larven

und Puppen. Zool. Jabrb. Abt. Syst. Bd. 40. (See pp. 180-186.)
Morris, II. M. (1917). On the larval and pupal si&ges of Bibio Jo/ia/tms L.

Ann. of Applied Biol. vol. iv.
Morris, II. M. (1918). The larval and pupal stages of Scatopse notata L.

Ann. of Applied Biol. vol. v, pp. 102-111, pi. x.
Perris, E. (1847). Notes sur les iSJetamorjjhoses de la Trichocera anmdata

Meig. et de la Scatopse punctata Meig. ; pour servir a I'histoire des

Tipulaires. Ann. de la Soc. Entom. de France, 2"" Serie, t. 5, pp. 37-49,

pl. 1. (&e pp. 43-48.)

Fehniary 1919.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hon. N". Chaelbs Eothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated by Eight Plates
(iesued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the publishers.

THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

(ODONATA or PARANEUROPTERA)
By R. J. TILL YARD, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., F.E.S.

Demy 8vo. pp. xii4-398. With 4 plates and 188 text- fig:ures. ISs net.

Cambridge Zoological Series.
"Never before has the group received such detailed and well-balanced
treatment as Mr Tillyard has given. . . . Students of the anatomy and
development of insects are much indebted to him for providing in this con-
venient form a trustworthy guide to the external and internal structure of
dragonflies at various stages of their life-histories." — Nature

Prospectus on o.p'plicaiion
Cambridge University Press, Fetter Lane, London, E.G. 4, C. F. Clay, Manager

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CONTENTS.

PAQ8

Entomology in Sarawak, Borneo (concluded). — G. E. Bryant, F.E.S 73

On the British species of Dryops. — JD. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 76

Twenty-five Years in South Devon. A Lepidopterist's retrospect (conchided). —

0. M. Mayor 79-

The larva and pupa of Taeniorhynchus richiardii Fie. (Diptera, Ciilicidae) (with

ficiure)—F. W. Edwards, F.E.S 83

Secondary sexual character of Gibbium scotiiift ¥.—H. Britten, F.E.S. , 88

Diabrotiea soror Lee. in Crlamorgaiishire. — H. E. David 88

Note on the occurrence of some Ptinidae and Dermestidae in old cotton-mills at

Droylsden, near Manchester. — W. Potter 88

Notes on Derbidae in the British Museum Collection, II : a correction. —

F.Muir, F.E.S 89'

Hibernating Andrenas. — L, A. Box 89'

Obituabt. — Frederick DuCane Godnian, D.C.L., F.E.S. (ivith poriraii) 89

William Denison Roebuck, F.L.S 91

On the Alimentary Canal and its appendages in the larvae of Scatopsidae and

Bibionidae (Diptera Nematocera), with .some remarks on the parasites of

these larvae {with figures). — D. Keilin , ScD 02'

THE NATURALIST:

A MONTHLY lI.LU8TBi.TED .'OUBNAL OT

NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON, 11, Chandos Street. Cayendish
Square, W,- — May 7th, June 4th, 1919.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock ui the erening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except or, Satuidaya, when '■
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ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE INDftAN SlpWplf.'bi%£lNOUs]
BY O. C. CHAMPI

Since the publication of my accounf^-4 £^flfen iMjd^ La- l§pecies of
Bianoua (ante, pp. 41-55), my eldest son, H. Gr. C, has sent me
another consignment from Kumaon, mostly from a lower elevation and
a somewhat different district in the Himalaya, including three additional
forms, as well as a long series of Z). lohigerus (six only having been
sent previously), two more specimens of Z>. cyanogaster, and one of
D. cameroni. He also sends a fuller account of the places in which
these astonishing assemblages of so many species of Dianous have been
found, as well as notes on the habits of some of them. These notes
prove that the possession of long lobes to the fourth tarsal joint must be
of service to the species (Z). azureus and lohigerus) living at the lower
elevations where the fall is more rapid, enabling them to keep to the
surface of the water during floods, those inhabiting quieter spots in
the higher ground, D. aiuh-eivesi and others, having simple tarsi. Tlie
communication forwarded by H. G. C. is inserted in this paper after the
descriptions of the three new species.

8 («). — Dianous azureus, n. sp.

Robust, wholly caeruleous above and beneatli, the antennae and paljii
black ; shining, tineh^ cinereo-pubescent. Head rather small, closely pnuctured,
rapidly, obliquely narrowed behind the eyes, the latter prominent and not vevv
lav(fe, the intra-ocular grooves widely separated, shallow ; antennae long, about
reaching the middle of the elytra. Prothorax much narrower than the head,
as long as broad, sinuously narrowed posteriorly ; coarsely, closely, irregularly,
subconfluently punctate, the disc obliquely compressed on each side at about
the middle. Elytra large, subquadi-ute, as long as broad, nearly twice as wide
as the prothorax, rounded at the sides posteriorly ; closely, somewhat coarsely,
uniformly punctate (the punctures similar to those on the head), the disc slightly
depressed near the humeral callus. Abdomen closely, minutely, the sixth
dorsal segment more coarsely, punctate ; ventral segments uniformly punctate ;
aual brushes moderately long. Legs comparatively stout; fourth tarsal joint
furnished with two long lobes.

S. Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate, the seventh sharply
dentate at each outer angle. Genital armatui'e : lateral lobes long, slender,
ciliate towards the apex within ; median lobe rapidly narrowed to a sharp point.

Length 7-8 mm. (d $•)

Hah. India, River Sarda Gorge, Tanakpur {H. G. C: xu.l918).

Twenty-eight examples. Separable from the other described Indian
forms by its uniform brilliant blue colour, the comparatively small head
and eyes, the coarsely, irregularly punctured prothorax, the simply punc-
tured elytra, etc. The punctures on the elytra are coarser tnan in anv of

K

98

[May,

the species placed by me under the first section of the genus {ante, pp. 42,
43) ; the fourth tarsal joint is strongly hilobed, as in D. lohigeriis; and
the seventh ventral segment of S is dentate on each side at apex as in
the last-named insect.

8 (5). — Dianous crihrarius, n. sp.

(5 . Rohust, shining, nigro-cyaneous, the elytra (the humeri excepted),
antennae, and palpi black ; finely cinereo-puhescent, the prothorax and elytra
subglabrous. Head large, sparsely punctured and broadly depressed between
the eyes, and rapidly narrowed behind them, the intra-ocular grooves deep, not
very widely separated, the intervening space polished in the middle ; eyes
large; antennae moderately long, very slender, joints 9-11 rather stout. Pro-
thorax narrow, oblong-subcordate, coarselv, irregularly punctate, the disc with
a deep oblique groove on each side at about the middle, the grooves separated
by a narrow oblong, polished median space, the punctures transversely coales-
cent at the base. Elytra wider than the head, barely as long as broad, rounded
at the sides posteriorly ; coarsely, irregularly, rather sparsely punctate, the
punctures on the outer part of the disc here and there confluent ; depressed
along the suture, near the humeri, and across the disc behind the middle.
Abdomen sparsely, minutely, the transvei-se sulci closely and much more
coarsely, punctured ; ventral segments uniformly punctate, the fifth triangu-
larly emarginate ; anal brushes long. Legs comparatively stout ; fourth tarsal
joint strongly bilobed.

Length 8 mm.

Hah. Ikdia, Tanakpur {R. G. C. : xii.1918).

One male, separable from all the known Indian forms by the very
shining surface ; the slender antennae ; the coarsely punctured prothorax
and elytra, the latter in great part black, uneven, and with the punctures
somewhat distant one from another ; the comparatively smooth convex
portions of the dorsal surface of the abdomen ; and the strongly bilobed
fourth tarsal joint.

9 (ff). — Dianovs luteogvftattis, n. sp.

2. Black, with a faint brassy lustre in certain lights, the elytra each
with a small, rounded, shining luteous spot on the disc beyond the middle ;
moderately shining, the abdomen, under surface, and legs fiuelj' pubescent.
Head broad, closely punctured, rapidly narrowed behind the eyes, and broadly
excavate between them, the intra-ocular grooves convergent anteriorly, deep,
the eyes large; antennae long, extending beyond the base of the prothorax.
Prothorax as long as broad, narrow, uneven, constricted at the apex and
towards the base, the intervening space parallel-sided as seen from above ;
densely, rather coarsely, rugosely punctured, the punctures more or less con-
fluent and separated by oblique rugae, the disc obliquely compressed on each
side before and behind the middle, and flattened in the centre at the base.
Elytra nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, subquadrate, rounded at the
sides posteriorly ; dejiressed on the disc beyond the middle, along the suture

1919.] 99

anteriorly, and within the humeri, with coarse, dense vorticose sculpture, the
punctures more conspicuous on the liumeral callosities. Abdomen densely,
minutely punctate ; ventral segments uniformly punctured ; anal brushes
slender. Legs not very slender; fourth tarsal joint small, simph^ excavate
at the apex above, furnished with a narrow pencil of hairs at the tip which
reaches to about the middle of tbe fifth joint.

Length 7-g mm.

ITab. India, W. Almora (H. G. O. : vi.l918).

One specimen. Larger, more robust, and more rugose than
D. (Usti(jma, the only other spotted Himalayan species of the genus
known to me ; the head larger, and broadly excavate between the eyes,
the space between the frontal sulci less convex ; the anal brushes very
narroAv ; the small fourth tarsal joint without lobes, and simply penicil-
late at the tip, as in D. annandalei Bernh.

The Occueeence of Dianous in Almora, Kumaon, U.P., India.

The sandy and pebbly banks of the lower sti-etches of the streams
in the valleys of the Almora District at once attract the attention of the
Coleopterist as likely collecting-ground ; they appear to be the only likely
spots in the vicinity, since cultivation occupies every acre of reasonably
level ground, and, as terraces extend a long way up the slopes, to be
succeeded in turn by a belt on which all tree-growth has been destroyed.
The streams themselves run swiftly over their stony beds, are quite free
from any kind of weedy growth, and are of such size that, though easily
fordable in their wider parts during most of the year, they are frequently
impassable during the rains ; muddy banks are quite exceptional, but
small sandbanks and places with stones resting on clean sand are found
here and there along them. Further, it may be noted that the district
has three separate drainage systems, all emerging separately into the
plains, although the heads of one of tbem (the Kosi), and of important
branches of the other two, meet in the conspicuous peak of Bhatkot,
9086 feet above sea-level.

Collecting along these lower streams actually proves well worth
while, and at almost an}' season of the year a considerable number of
species can be found, whose general facies is very like that of what is
met with in similar places in Britain. In fact, most of the genera are
at once recognisable, such as Bemhidiiim, Tachj/s, Ferileptus, Bra-
chinus, Nehria, Drypta, Paederus, Bledius, Heterocerus, Cryptohypnus,
Anthicus, Ochthebius, Laccobius, and so on. In the rains, as might
be expected, there is much less to be found, except that Cicindelids,
especially Cicindela chloris and its varieties, occujjy the higher sand-
banks in force. K 2

100

[May,

Altogether, this is not the type of ground on which one would
expect to find Bianous, and Avhen casual single specimens of
B. andrewesi and two other species of the genus were picked up, I
at once suspected that these must be stray examples drifted or washed
down from higher altitudes, and made a note to search for them there,
should opportunity offer.

The chance came in the beginning of May 1917, when I had occasion
to examine in detail the forests at the head of the Kosi in Bhatkot.
Chir (Finns longifolia) forest gives way to oak (Qiiercus incana) at
about 6000 feet, and the terrain for the next 1000 feet is very pre-
cipitous, affording an effective barrier to the ubiquitous cattle, and when
one comes across comparatively gentle slopes, at about 7000 feet, to the
top of the ridge, densely clothed with oak (here mostly Q. dilatata, not
unlike Q. ilex) and silver fir, and with clear streams tumbling over moss-
covered boulders, a splendid collecting-ground is reached. The first day
I had in the forest here abundantly proved the correctness of my earlier
deduction — Bianous literally swarmed on the spray-sjorinkled boulders,
so that it is no exaggeration to say that there must have been four or
five specimens to every square foot of exposed rock. As usual, it was
impossible for me to stay long on the spot, but in a short time I
completely filled a small spirit-tube, and although several forms were
noticed, I was surprised to find seven species represented, as proved to
be the case when the material was examined some days later. It was a
matter for regret that I was unable to examine the tube earlier, since at
least 95 per cent, of the examples captured belonged to two species — the
cupreous B. andreivesi and the shining black B. radiatus — the remainder,
which were mostly larger than the foregoing, and of about the size
of the British B. coerulescens, being represented by only one or two
examples each.

Throughout the following twelve months specimens came to hand
singly or a few at a time in places at about 6000 feet, similar to but less
suitable than the locality above described, others in fiood debris wedged
in between rocks in mid-stream, others on fioating logs, and so on. As
still further species were included, I made every effort to search again,
but pressure of official duties did not allow of this, and the best I could
do was to send my collector (a new man, the first having left me after a
year, as he was tired of being chaffed about such pursuits) to the original
locality, trusting that he would be able to find it and to recognise what I
wanted him to obtain. Fortunately, he was very successful and brought
back upwards of 200 Bianous, including perhaps a dozen species. Two
representatives only of the allied genus Stenus were brought with them.

1919.] 101

Although each species of Dianons ahuost certainly has its different
favourite conditions of wetness, or mossiness of stones, elevation, light,
season, etc., both for the adults and earlier stages, I have been unable with
the short time at my disposal to make any detailed observations, though I
hope to do so at some later date. However, it may be noted that the
two commoner species, D. andrewesi and D. radiatus, are not met with
at the lower elevations in the overwhelming percentage with regard to
the others that pi'evails above ; in fact D. caeruleonotatus is probably
the most frequently seen, then D. andrewesi, whilst D. radiatus is
relatively rare.

Until quite recently, I had not collected specimens of this genus
below about 3500 feet, but at Christmas, 1918, I was in camp on the
banks of the Sarda River (with which the waters of the Sarju debouch
into the plains), at an elevation of about 1000 feet, just before it leaves
the hills. During several days of assiduous collecting no Dianous were to
be seen, but presently D. lohigerus turned up rarely, and finally it was
found in numbers apparently quite at home on the boulders and wet
sand where a side stream came down, and with them a couple of speci-
mens of a fine new blue form, D. azureus, and a solitary example of
D. cameroni ; the generally common D. andrewesi Avas not seen here.
This spot, at least in the cold weather, has neither the spray nor the
moss one associates with the usual habitat of the genus, and in the rains
it would have been entirely submerged. The above notes will suffice to
show how vpell represented is the genus Dianous in the Himalaya, where
it apparently largely replaces Stenus, for, apart from the two species
referred to above, I have met with only a few others in the last three
years, and these usually occur in relatively dry spots, such as under
stones in fields and in moss away from water.

H. G. Champion, Working Plans Officer,

West Almora Division, Almora, U.P.
January 29th, 1919.

A SYNONYMIC NOTE.
BY K. G. BLAIR, B.Sc, F.E.S.

(Publialied by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In this Magazine for July last (3rd ser. vol. iv, pp. 149-152)
I characterised, with figure, Catohleps as a new genus of Tenehrionidae.
M. Maurice Pic has since pointed out (L'Echange, 1918, p. 15) that
this genus is the same as that described by him under the name Falso-
cossyphus (Mel. exot.-ent. xvii, 1916, p. 4) and classified as possibly
forming a new subfamily of the Tenehrionidae near the Cossyphinae,

102 tMay.

I must plead guilty to having failed to recognise Falsocossyplms
Pic as the genus of the insect I was studying, and certainly should not
consider the position suggested as a likely place to look for it.

It now appears that a third name has been given to the same insect,
for Dr. K. M. Heller has fully described and figured it in the " Tijdschrift
voor Entomologie," ix, 1917, pp. 376-381, pi. 4, under the name of
Blcdticephaliis adeloto'pus. That I had not seen this paper before pub-
lishing my own is unfortunate but could not be helped, as the periodical
in question was only received here some months after my paper had
appeared.

Here we find yet other views as to its systematic position, for
Dr. Heller considers his genus to be an aberrant branch of the family
Melnndryidae. Undoubtedly its superficial resemblance to Eustrojylius,
with which Heller compares it, is considerable, though he himself points
out certain important structural differences, e. g., the closed anterior
coxal cavities, the confluence of the gular svitures, the lack of pleural
sutures of the pro- and mesothorax, the wing-neumtion, etc. ; these,
however, the Grerman author does not consider of sufficient weight
positively to exclude the genus from the Melandryidae.

Further consideration of this point, particularly in the light of
Dr. Heller's arguments, has confirmed me in the opinion expi-essed in
the above-mentioned paper. I then placed the genus in the subfamily
Rhysopaussinae, allying it to Stemmoderus Spin, and through this to
Gonocnemis Thorns. The close relationship of Falsocossyphus (of the
three names given to the genus, this unfortunately chosen appellation
has priority) to Stewmoderiis is, I think, certain ; the structure of the
mouth-parts and gular sutvires, also of the antennae, is practically
identical ; that of the anterior coxal cavities is very similar, though in
Fahocossyphits the prosternal process separating them is strongly pro-
duced ventrally and backwards : in Stemmoderus it is not at all produced ;
in Eustroplius the side-pieces fail by a long way to meet the median
process so that the cavities remain open behind. The most important
differences are in the structure of the legs and of the face, but in
Falsocossyphus these are highly modified for defensive purposes.

The affinities of Stemmoderus and Gonocnemis are not so evident,
but in my opinion quite demonstrable. A striking feature is the wing-
sti-ucture, which is practically identical. This in both genera differs
from that of Falsocossyplms in the presence (imperfectl}^ developed in
Stemmodertts) of a transverse nerve connecting vii (Cu^) with the closed
cell of ix (A, and AJ, but that of all three genera agrees in the very

W19.] 103

characteristic strongly defined Y-shaped 6hitinisation in the apical area ;
in all three genem this is connected with the posterior margin of the
wing towards the apex by a strong vein not figured in Heller's plate.

As regards the synonymy of the species the identity of F. adelotopus
Heller with F. hlattoides Blair is practically certain, the first-mentioned
name having priority ; that of F. pilosua Pic with F. cliatanayi Blair,
both hairy insects, the former described from Calcutta, the latter of
iiiiknovvn locality, is uncertain without comparison of specimens.

London.

April 1919.

A NEW ABEERATION OP C08YMBIA {EPHYRA) PENJDULABIA Cl.
BY F. C WOODFORDE, B.A., F.E.S,

I obtained ova of this species from a female captured in North
Staffordshire in May 1917. The offspring emerged in May 1918, most
of them being intermediate between the typical form and ab. suhroseata
mihi (which Mr, Prout informs me that he does not now consider to be
identical with ab. decoraria Newman), but one of them was different
from any of the others and from any other form of the species that I
have seen. The ground-colour of this specimen is darkish grey. The
1st and 2nd lines are indicated by rows of black dots rather larger than
usual, the 2nd in both primary and secondary wings being bordered by
a naiTow whitish band, faint on the inner side, but conspicuous on the
distal side. The ocelli are very conspicuous. A very narrow, indistinct
reddish band crosses the centre of the wing. The cilia are whitish.
The insect so much resembles a dark form of G. orhicularia Hb. that I
propose naming it ab. orhiculoides. It is now in the collection of the
Hope Department, Oxford University Museum.

Oxford.

April 1919.

A NEW BRITISH HETEROPEZINE FLY.
BY F. W. EDWARDS, B,A., F.E.S,

Tn Messrs. Bagnall and Harrison's admirable Preliminary Catalogue
of British Cecidomyidae (Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1917, pp. 346-420)
only one member of the subfamily Heteropezinae is included, and. even
that has not been determined specifically. Doubtless many occur with
us ; I have myself come across their paedogenetic larvae in several
localities under bark, and once also in a fungus, while Dr. D, Keilin

104' [May.

informs me that he has found and reared a species of Miastof- near
Cambridge. But the species are difficult to rear and cannot be named
from larvae alone, I have, however, also been fortunate enough to
obtain a number of adults of one apparently undescribed species, which
it may be of interest to name and record. The specimens were all taken
on windows in m}' house at Letchworth, chiefly during June 1917, a few
in August 1917, and one or two in June 1918. While conforming to
Kieffer's description of the genus Leptosyna, they show obvious dif-
ferences from the two known European species, and may be described
as follows : —

Leptosyna setipennis, n. sp.

(S . Body brownish yellow, long, and narrow. AVings transparent. Palpi
composed of a single joint, which is retracted within the mouth-cavity and
bears a single terminal bristle about as long as the joint. Antennae with
2 + 10 joints, the last joint bearing an appendage resembling another joint, as
long as but narrower than the basal part. First scapal joint with a single
long ventral bristle, second bare. Flagellar joints with verticils of about

Leptosyna setipeimis, n. sp. Wing.

8 hairs which are about three times as long as the joints ; the first two have
one or two additional long hairs near the base. All flagellar joints except the
first and last drawn out into necks which are almost as long as the more
swollen basal portion ; at the base of the neck there appears to be a small
round pore, just below which are inserted the verticillate hairs. Genital
claspers barely twice as long as broad, with a short thick terminal spine.
Legs rather slender ; femora scarcely, tibiae not at all thickened towards the
tip All tarsi alike; proportionate lengths of joints 1 : 2: 1-5 : 1 : 1, Claws
simple ; empodium barely half as long as the claws, Whiffs slightly pointed,
with a very long posterior fringe ; the surface appears minutely dotted when
seen under a |" objective, while towards the tip are about 20 suberect hairs
directed towards the base of the wing. Sc terminating before, Cu slightly
beyond the middle of the wing ; R obsolete both basally and apically ; all
veins setose except base of Cu.

2' Antennal joints almost globular, without neck, hairs inserted just

1919.] lOo

beyond middle ; appendage of last joint shorter. Terminal lamellae of abdo-
men oval, barely twice as long as broad. Hairs at wing tip slightly more
numerous. Otherwise as in the iS .

Length of body, O'9-l mm. ; of wing, 1"0 mm.

The genus Leptosyna is interesting as representing the extreme of
vein-reduction in a fully-winged fly. The most noteworthy point about
our species is the presence of surface hairs at the tip of the wing, which
will necessitate a slight remodelling of Kieffer's definition of the sub-
family Heferopezinae. Presumably these hairs are absent in the two
species described by Kieffer, since he does not mention them, bvit
i. setipennis may also be distinguished from L. quercus by the radial
vein (cubitus of Kieffer) not reaching the tip of the wing, and from
L. acuiipennis by the slender femora and tibiae and the different
proportionate lengths of the tarsal joints.

Zi. setipennis is one of the smallest, if not actually the smallest, of
British Diptera. A few species of Oulicoides and Ceraiopogon may be
shorter in length of body, but are of stouter build. The elongate form
of Leptosyna gives it a rather striking resemblance to the Mymaridae.

56 Norton Road, Letchworth.
March 21s<, 1919.

ON THE BEITISH SPECIES OP EUPELIX Germar.
BY JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.

It has been customary to segregate specimens of this genus by
the relative length of the head, thus: short (cuspidata Fab.), medium.
(prodncfa Germ.), and long (depressa Germ.). This, however, is un-
satisfactory, because these insects, following the rule in Jassina, have-
the crown of the female distinctly longer in proportion than that of the
male : consequentl}^ the short-headed category comprises only the male*
of cuspidata. Female cuspidata and male producta, of which we are
certain, have the crown of medium length ; and the really long-headed
section, of which I have never seen a male, includes two kinds dif-
fering in the relative projwrtion of the last ventral segment to the
preceding one.

Our present knowledge is summarized in the following table : —

1 (2) Crown broader than long, the sides convex. Male : upper apical angle-

of side lobes of pygofer blunt but distinct ; style broader than that of
producta, truncate at the apex cuspidata Fab.

2 (1) Sides of crown not convex.

3 (6) Crown us broad a.s lung, the sides a little indented at the ocelli.

106 t^»-^'

4 (5) Males: having the upper apical angle of side lobes of pygofer completely
rounded oft"; style narrower than that of cuspidata, pointed at the
apex producta Germ.

6 (4) Females : having the last ventral segment sub-equal in length to the
preceding cuspidata Fab.

6 (3) Crown longer than broad, the sides very evidently indented at the

ocelli: females.

7 (8) Last ventral segment sub-equal in length to the preceding.

.producta Germ,

8 (7) Last veutral segmBnt Jit leaat one-half long;er than the preceding.

depressa Germ.

No definitive account of the apex of the male abdomen in E. depressa
has been publislied, and one can only say with certainty that we have in
this coujitry two kinds of males and three kinds of females. I have no
direct evidence that the female here assigned to jjroducfa really belongs
to that species.

The object of this notice is to incite field entomologists to the col-
lection of material in this genus so that the doubtful points may be
cleared up ; and there is, therefore, no advantage in discussing the
literature of the subject in detail.

Colesborue, Cheltenham.
April 7th, 1919.

Phheopora angustiformis Baudi. — In Fowler's "British Coleoptera'' (vol. ii,
p. 43) he mentions a specimen of this genus under the name of transita Muls.
and Rey, and he treats it as a variety of P. corticalis. In Newbery and NV. E.
Sharp's very useful and careful list of British Coleoptera (1915, p. 11) the
name transita is given as a synonym of anyustiformis Baudi, and treated as a
distinct species. I know of no other reference to the insect in British litera-
ture, and the example mentioned by Fowler is without any other locality than
England. I may therefore record that 1 found three specimens at Sherwood
that agree with the description of angustiformis given by Ganglbauer (Kaf.
Mitteleur. ii, p. 104), and that it is undoubtedly a good species nearer to
reptans than to corticalis, distinguished by its smaller size, narrower form, and
dark colour. P. reptans is identified by Ganglbauer as testacea Mann. As at
present understood, it is a variable species, and it is not improbable that there
may be more than one under the name. I liave a specimen from Thornhill
that has a slightly different head as well as being unusual in colour and punc-
turing, but looking to the variation of other specimens it cannot at present be
satisfactorily separated. — D. Sharp, Brockenhurst : March 2lst, 1919,

Note on Pterostichus angustatus Dufts. — The warm weather to-day tempted
me to visit a sawmill in our pine-woods, mainly to ascertain whether any of
the special Coleoptera observed there during the past two years were still
to be obtained. Only one of them, Pterostichus angnstatus, put in an appear-
ance. This insect occurred sparingly round the mill in the sawdust from the

1919.) 107

freslily cut wood ; but in the older and drier sawdust, used to cover a corduroy
road running across the very boggy ground from the mill to the places where
the trees were being felled, tlie species was entirely replaced by the nearly
allied and much commoner P. niyrita F., of which a dozen examples were
bottled at random along the edges of the road. It is evident that P. angustatus
requires the sawdust with a sappy flavour, doubtless on account of the
numerous Epuraea, lihizophagtts, Scolytids, etc., to be found there, upon .<-ouie
of which it must feed. I saw none on the adjacent charred ground. —
G, C. Champion, Horsell : Ajn-il 19th, 1919.

Ptinus sexpunctatus Panz. and Osmia rufa Linn. — I have received from
Til'r. C. Glanville Clutterbuck numerous specimens of P. sexpunctatus. These
were discovered in Gloucester by a builder, " who said that they had eaten
holes in some lead ou a root" ! ! " The only Suffolk record is, " Occasionally
near Bungay " by Dr. Garneys, who took examples of it in his house there on
May 3rd, 1861. I have never met with the insect in the course of thirty years'
collecting. Osinia rufa, pupae of which were discovered at the same time in
Gloucester, is more likely to have damaged the lead ; though I have never
heard of such an occurrence.— Claude Morlp:y, INIonk Soham House,
Suffolk : April 5th, 1919.

Deronedes depresms Fabr. and elegans Panz. — In the " Annals and
Magazine of Natural History," ser. 9, vol. iii, pp. 293-308, pis. 7 and 8, April
1919, Capt. F. Balfour-Browne gives au exhaustive account of these two
Dvtiscid beetles, hitherto treated as synonymous in our text-books, but which
he considers to be specifically distinct. One of these, elegans Panz., he says is
common throughout England and Scotland, while the other, depressus Fabr.,
seems to be limited in its distribution, being confined, so fjir as he knows at
present, to Scotland and the North of England and to Ireland, where it is
apparently the only one found. The characters upon which the two specie.s
may be separated are said to be three in number: (1) the shape of the thorax
in S "•nd $ , (-) the form of the anterior tarsal claws in cJ , and (3) the form of
the aedeagus. The actual differences are not given in tabular form, but they
are shown on the two plates, an enlarged S and $ of each species being
figured, as well as the other structures mentioned ; variations in the form of
the aedeagus are illustrated in text-figures on p. 297, from nine examples
of each insect. The article include.s a special account of the Thorax, Anterior
tarsal claws of the males, and Aedeagus, the Habitat and Britannic
Distribution (which is given in great detail), and a full Bibliography. — Eds.

Notes on the habits of Heterocerus. — In a paper in the " Canadian
Entomologist " for February 1019, vol. li, p. 25, pi. 1, under the heading
" Popular and Practical Entomology, Notes on the habits of Heterocerus
beetles" (7f. pullidus Say and H. tristis Mann.), Mr. G. B. Claycomb gives a
very interesting account of these insects, illustrated by a plate showing :
(1) mud bar where the beetles breed, (2) burrows made by the larvae,
(3) pupal cases, (4) adult beetle [H. tristis], (5) eggs, (6) larva, (7) larva
ready to pupate, (8) pupa. He writes as follows : — " In the hot dry days of
summer, when the creeks run low and the mud bars become numerotis along
the margins of the streams, a common sight on this recently deposited mud is

108 f^*y'

the network of lines wliicli mark and ramify the surface. Investigation shows
clearly that some small animal has pushed its way through the soft alluvium
and formed little tunnels in the freshly exposed sediment left by the receding
water .... Along a small creek in western Illinois on a day late in July, the
entire life-history of the little builder of the burrow was found in all complete-
ness. Near the water, just beneath the surface of the soft squashy mud, were
the tunnels, freshly made. Farther back on the dryer portion of the bar, the
tunnels were more numerous and the elevation of the soil which marked
the passages was more distinct, due to the drying of the earth. Still farther
back the lines formed, in places, an almost unbroken mat, so extensive had the
network become. On the higher, firmer portions of the deposit, among the
older less distinct galleries, were little cases with chimney-like extensions
projecting from the mud. Here, then, was the life-history of these interesting
beetles in all its completeness within this very limited area. The adult beetle
was found to be the maker of the tunnels in the fi'esh mud near the water.
Several were captured within the burrows, and others, when disturbed, foVced
their way out through the mud and flew away. In these newly constructed
passages are laid the eggs in small masses. The eggs hatch into active running-
larvae which greatly extend the home already started for them by the adult,
growing to a length of 7 or 8 mm. The larvae construct for themselves tho mud
chambers with the peculiar little chimneys extending up from them. The
openings of these chimneys are usually closed near the top by a very thin layer
of dry mud. These structures become firm and strong alter they are dry.
In the chamber the larva changes to a pupa. Beside the larvae and pupae,
several adults were found witliin the cells. At the time of pupation the larvae
[presumably of the larger species, H. jKiUidus] measured 7-8 mm. in length,
and the cases averaged 10 mm. in their longest dimension .... When the
place was visited a few days later, a rise of the stream had obliterated tlie
entire cohmy, and nothing remained but the plain mud bar." The larvae (as
seen from profile views) are much more elongate than the one shown by
Westwood in his "Introduction to the modern classification of Insects." A
good illustration, however, of the larva oi H. fenestratus Thunb. (after Letzner),
is given by Ganglbauer (Kafer Mitteleurop. iv, p. 129, 1904) and Keitter (Fauna
Germanica, iii, p. 174, fig. 64, 1911). — Eds.

Occurrence of Orneodes huehneri in Canada. — Amongst some Micro-
Lepidoptera very kindly collected for me by Dr. A. JefFeris Turner on his
way back to Australia is an undoubted example of Orneodes hnebneri, taken
at Calgary, Alberta, late in August ; I believe the species has not been
recorded from America, which is a considerable extension of its range
(Europe to the Himalayas and South Africa). I suggest the insect may
probably have entered from the west, whilst hexadactyla, the only otlier
recorded North American species, probably came from the east. — E. Meyrick,
Thornhanger, Marlborough : March 2Qth, 1919.

Proportion of the sexes in Deitiacrida {Hemideiiia) megacephala Buller. —
During the whole of my entomological experience in New Zealand I have
noticed that, unlike most species of insects, the females of the common " Weta "
(Deitiacrida megacephala), &\\u^q apterous cricket common throughout the North
Island of New Zealand, are more numerous than the males. To-day, whilst

1919.] 109

removing a partially decayed barge-bnard from the roof of an old fowl-hoiif»e
overgrown by trees,! discovered, closely liuddled together, in a apace underneath
the board, a mature male " weta " and no fewer than three mature females. This
observation would seem to suggest that each male may regularly consort with
several females which, if correct, would be a most unusual habit amungr-t
insects. It thus appears probable that the extremely forbidding appearanoo of
the male "Weta," with his huge head and jaws and ferocious demeanour,
is indicative of an intense rivalry between the members of that sex, and a heavy
mortality of the weaker males, brought about by this rivalry, may explain why
the female insect is more frequently met with. Actual conflicts between males
could hardly be witnessed owing to the strictly nocturnal h>ibits of the insect. — •
G. V. Hudson, Hillview, Karori, Wellington, N.Z. : February 2\8t, 1919.

SociSU Entomologique de Belgique. — In a Circular recently received from
this Society, dated February 18th, 1919, and signed by the Secretary,
M. Schouteden, we gather the following particulars as to the resumption
of their Meetings, and the continuance of the publication of their " Annales,"
vol. Iviii (1914) of the latter having been stopped during the war. At an
ICxtraordinary General Meeting of the Society held on February 16th, at the
Rue de Namur 89, Brussels, it was decided that the Monthly Meetings would
be resumed on March 1st, and that a Tiew class of Members, " Membres
Associ^s," would be instituted. These latter to pay 7.50 fr. annually (in'<tead
of 16 fr., the rate for a "Membre Effectif "), and be eligible to attend the
Meetings, Conferences, and excursions organised by the Society, and to receive
the "Bulletin" (to be started during the present year) free. The mini mum
age for this new Class is fixed at 15 years. We trust that the Society will
soon be able to resume its pre-war activity, an uninterrupted series of
57 volumes of the " Annales," a series of 21 M^moires, etc., having already,
been issued under its auspices. — Eds.

"The Zygoptera, or Damsel-fliks, of Illinois." By Philip
Garman, Ph.D. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History, vol. xii, article iv, June 1917. Pp. 411-587, pis. Iviii-lxxiii.

It is to be regretted that a notice of this publication should have been so
long delayed, but it is hoped that it may not yet be considered too late to con-
gratulate Dr. Garman and the Illinois State Laboratory upon a production of
outstanding merit. It is too often a fault of papers professing a restricted
geographical outlook that they fail to prepare the student in any way for a
more extended study of the subjects of which they treat. The work before us
is entirely free from that blemish, and provides an excellent introduction to the
science of dragon-flies, properly so-called, Pei-haps the most arresting feature
of the paper is the large proportion of nymphs of which it has been possible to
furnish descriptions and figures. Several of these are admittedly new to science^
and it would have been a good thing if the author could have stated that
he was describing a nymph for the first time, whenever such was actually
the case.

110 [May,

The number of species of Zygoptera occurring-, or probably occurring, in
the State of Illinois is stated to be forty-two, which corresponds exactly wilh
the total number of Odonata of both suborders known from the British Isle?,

Numerous details of nymphal and iraaginal structure are illustrated by
means of 228 figures, arranged in 16 plates. A high standard of excellence ia
maintained throughout the series, but the explanations of the plates stand in
need of a little revision. The inclusion of the numbers 217, 222, and 228,
belonging to pi. Ixxiii, in the references to pi, Ixxii, is unfortunate and con-
fusing. The figures on pis. Ixviii and Ixxi, described as "anal appendages of
adults," represent anal appendages of the male sex alone. Fig, 205, how-
ever, must have been included among these structures by mistake, as it is
evidently intended to correspond with tigs. 118, 121, 147, 165, 171, 172,
and 183, which show the paired plates on the ninth abdominal segment of
the male. The same error in designation has found its way into the text
(p, 530), and the number 205 is omitted from the list of references on
p. 436, to which it rightly belongs. These figures of male gonapophyses,
here termed " parameres," claim attention from another point of view, inas-
much as they reveal wide differences in the form of structures which have
never been employed at all extensively as diagnostic characters. Equally
interesting and little-used characters are found in the female sex. These are
the thoracic structures known as the mesostigmal ( = mesostigmatic) plates,
and an entire plate is devoted to their representation, in addition to several
other figures included in pis. Ixix and Ixx. Among the plates referring to the
nymphal stages, special mention should be made of the fine series of figures of
caudal gills, reproduced in pis. Ixii-lxiv.

The hope may be expressed that a similar treatise, dealing with the
Anisoptera of Illinois, is in contemplation by the same author, and likewise
that the same eminently satisfactory mode of publication may again become
available to him. — IIeebert Campion.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Socikty :
Februmy 13th, 1919. — Mr. Stanley Edwards, F,L,S., F.E.S,, President, in
the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited some of the Coleoptera referred to in " Ent.
Record," Dec. 1918, viz. Mordella uculeata and Agrilus sirmatus, species new
to Surrey, and the rare streaked ab. hebraea of Anatis ocellata. Mr. Tatchell,
Vanessa io, with aberrant ocelli on hind wings, Aglais nrticae ab. coimexa, a
large A. iirticae ab. versicolor, and the beautifnl parasitic Hymenopteron
3Iutilla europaea. Mr. Turner, a long series of Loiveia {Chrysoi)hanu$) aid-
phron from various localities, including (1) type from Bueta, (2) gorclms
from the Alps, (3) grenadensis from Spain, (4) ab. intermedia from Italy,
(5) ab. viduata, (6) meliboeus from Bosnia, (7) ab. siibfa&ciata, and (8) ab. m-
fulvata 5 . Mr. R. Adkin, captured and bred specimens of Dioryctriu abietella
from Forres, and read notes on the species, asking for information on details
of its life-history. Mr. A, W. Buckstone, bred series of Vanessa io from

1919.] Ill

Surrey, including ab. cyanosticia, and referred to various minor aberrations and
variations in their markings. lie also showed drawings, by the Rev. 0. R. N.
Burrows, of the genitalia of the dwarf and other races of Ayriades coridon
recently discussed, and read the comments received with the sketches.
Mr. Bunnett, details of the life-history of Coleophora niyriceUa, and read notes
on the mode of progression of the case-bearing larva, with a series of photo-
g^-aphs in illustration.

Febniary 27th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Newman exhibited a series of Cosymbia pendularia var. decoraria
{siihroseata) bred from ova ; they were forced to emerge in January and were
all finely developed large specimens. Mr. Bowman, a black form of Hiheniia
Icdcophearia with conspicuously white fringes, taken in Epping Forest in 1909.
Mr. Turner, a series of Cam2ytogramvia hilineata var. testaceolata from Cyprus
and called attention to the various forms (seven) so far named, with the range
of possible variation. He also showed a short series of the rare and local
Pontia chloridice from Cyprus, with its close allies P. dajilidice (generally
distributed) and P. caUidice (alpine).

March \^th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

The decease of Mr. A. King was announced.

Mr. R. Adkiu exhibited Scardia holeti, generally regarded as rare, taken
last June in the New Forest. Capt. B. S. Curwen, Coscinia striata ab.
7nelanoptera and C. cribriim and ab. Candida from Switzerland, Utetheisa
jndchella from Gibraltar, Parasemia plaiitaginis with ab. matronalis and
ab. hospitn, and Orodeimiias quenselii from Zermatt. Mr. Sperring, Pieris napi
with an unusually pale underside of hind wings for a British specimen.
Mr. H. J. Turner, a series of Melanaryia pherusa and its ab. plesaura from
Palermo, Sicily, with M. syllius from Hyeres for comparison ; also a few
butterflies from Palestine sent by Mr. H. W. Andrews, including Antho-
charis beUmia, Teracolus fausta, Zizera galba, Chrysophanus thersamon, etc.
Mr. Edwards, various species of the genus Opsiphanes and its allies from
S. America. A short discussion on the season and on the occurrence of
Cetonia aurata and Aromia moschata in the Loudon suburbs.

March 27th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited very dark specimens of Drepana binaria and
Taeniocampa instabilis just bred from Surrey larvae. Mr. Buckstone, Lycin
hirtaria bred by the late Mr. T. H. Archer, many males of deep black, but
slightly relieved by yellow markings. Mr. H. J. Turner, (1) a long series of
Zyyaena rhadamanthus from Hyeres with ab. cingulata, (2) a series of Abraxas
pantaria, closely resembling A. sylvata, a species formerly held as British.
Mr. Bowman, a melanic Hibernia defoliaria with pure white cilia from Epping-
Forest. Mr. Moore, Pyrrhocoris aeyyptius (Hemipt.), a Truxalis, a Mantis^ and
other Orthoptera from the Libyan Desert. Mr. Barnett, a bred Hemaris
fucifonnis from Horsley with very narrow wings and aberrant markings.
Mr. Priske, a long series oi Helix hortensis shells to show the range of aberra-
tion. Mr. Tatchell, a Pyrameis atalanta with a discal blue patch, and a gynan-
dromorph Polyo^nmatua icarus. Lieut. L. A. Box, various Hymenoptera and

112 [May,

their associates, prey, etc., with notes on tlieir habits, including Cerceria
are7iaria, Fespa norvegica, Crabro capitosus, Mellinns arvensis, Syntovutsipis
cynnea, etc. Mr. Edwards, S. American Nyviphalidae, including Clothilda
insitpiis, etc. ^[r. Tonge, a coal-black female of Hibernia proycmvmria
v.fuscata. — IIy. J. Turnkk, Hon. Editor of Proceedinys.

NOTES ON THE PYTHIDAE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY K. G. BLAIE, B.Sc, F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In working out the undetermined material of this family contained
in the British Museum Collection, I have found many species that ap-
parently have never been described, as well as others that have been
evidently misplaced in the genera to whicli they have been assigned.

Attempts have already been made by various authors to break up
some of the larger genera — Sphae^'iestes (^ = Salpinyns), Lissodema, and
Rhinosimus — into subgenera ; in many cases these divisions appear to be
well worthy of retention, but in some instances, probably through having
been based upon too localised a fauna, they do not appear to form
structurally separable groups. Something further in the same line is
here attempted, but many of the described species remain unknown to
me, and tlie descriptions are too meagre for me to deal anything like
adequately with the genus Sjykaeriesfes.

As all the genera considered belong to the subfamily Salpinyinne, a
key to the described genera (subgenera being given equal value) of this
subfamily is given in the hope that it may facilitate study of the group.

-Kci/ to the Genera of the Salpinginae.

1. Antennae with last 3 joints enhirged, forming an abrupt S-jointed

club 2.

Antennae gradually thickened towards apex, ol'ten forming an indistinct
club of 3 -6 joints 9.

2. Thorax not margined at tlie sides ; rostrum .short or wanting .... 3.
Thorax transverse, with lateral impressions forining a more or le.-s com-
plete marginal line ; antennal club very pronounced 7.

3. Sides of thorax not denticulate 4.

Sides of thorax denticulate 6.

-4. Form elongate, parallel. Head not or scarcely rostrate, not enlarged in

front of antennae , 6.

Form oval, head and thorax considerably narrower than elytra ; head with
a short rostrum enlarged in front of antennae.

3. Neosalpingus Blackb.

1919.] 113

5. Sides of thorax subang-ulate, widest a little behind apex, thence narrowed

to base ; 2iid and urd joints of antennae not longer tlian broad.

1. IsiSTKiA Lew.

Sides of thorax rounded, widest a little before middle ; 2nd and oid joints
of anteninae elongate 2. Sosthenks Champ.

6. Prothorax feebly narrowed towards base, the sides sharpl}' denticulate ;

elytra with confused lines of punctures.

4. LrssoDK.MA Curt.

Prothorax strongly narrowed towards base, the sides obtusely crenulate ;
elytra strongly striate-punctate 4a. Stenolissodema Desbr.

7. Antennae evidently 11 -jointed, 1st joint large and inflated 8.

Antennae apparently 10-jointed, 1st joint small and concealed, 2nd joint

large 7. Lanthanus Champ.

8. Rostrum not longer than wide : marginal line of thorax irregular.

5. PiATYLISSODiaiA, UOV.

Rostrum much longer than wide ; marginal line of thorax more or less
regular 6. Platysalpingus, no v.

9. Thorax denticulate or tuberculate at sides 10.

Thorax not denticulate or tuberculate at sides 13.

10. Head not rostrate, almost rounded in front of eyes.

8. Platamops Reitt.

Head with short stout rostrum, clypeus broadly truncate in front. .11.

11. Thorax sharply denticulate at sides ; body glabrous.

9. Salpidema Alt.

Thorax tuberculate rather than denticulate at sides ; body with long erect
hairs 12.

12. Thorax with broad median depression, truncate in front ; eyes not con-

tiguous with anterior margin of thorax . . 10. Notosalpingus Blackb.
Thorax evenly convex, feebly rounded in front ; eyes touching anterior
margin of thorax 11. Trichosphaeriestes, nov.

13. Rostrum short, wider than long 14.

Rostrum at least as long as wide, often much longer 20.

14. Body apterous ; penultimate tarsal joint small.

12. PooPHYLAX Champ.

Body winged 15.

15. Hind femora and tibiae incrassate, at least in c?; body hairy.

13. Oncosalpingus, nov.

Hind femora and tibiae simple ; body usually glabrous * ........ 16.

16. Head narrowed from eye to front of cljpeus; dorso-lateral carina straight.

17.

Head widened in front of antennae ; dorso-lateral carina sinuate . . , .18.

17. Elytral epipleura distinct to apex ; last 4 (or 6) joints of antennae

thickened. 14. SPHAERiESTES'Steph.

Elytral epipleura disappearing at about middle ; last 3 (or 4) joints of
antennae thickened 15. Salpingellus Reitt.

18. Antennal grooves extending to eyes 19.

Antennal grooves not reaching eyes 18. CoLPOSis Muls.

Some exotic species described as Salpingua have a sparse pubescence.

11^ [May,

19. Thorax not constricted before base ; humeri evident.

16. Rabocertjs Muls,

Thorax constricted before base ; humeri not developed.

17. PSEUDORABOCEIIUS Pic,

20. Rostrum about as long as wide, scarcely wider towards apex.

19. ViNCENZKLLUS Reitt,

Rostrum longer than wide, widened towards apex 21.

21. Antennae with last 6 joints enlarged ; rostrum feebly widened towards

apex 20. Cabiderus Muls.

Antennae with last 4 or 5 joints enlarged ; apex of rostrum much widened.

21. Rhinosimus Latr.

1. IsiSTEiA Lewis.
A monotypic genus from Japan, I. rufobrunnea Lew.

2. SosTHENES Champ.

Type, 8. dyschirioides Champ.; Guatemala.

Salpingus niponicits Lewis and Lissodema myrmido Mars., both
from Japan, have an abrupt 3-jointed club to the antennae, and the sides
of the thorax rounded, not denticulate ; I am unable to separate them
generically from Sosthenes.

3. Neosalpingus Blackb.

Blackburn says of this genus ; " from Lissodema it is at once sepa-
rated by its very different tarsi, which are shorter and stouter, with the
apical two joints conspicuously more slender than the rest, which are
densely clothed beneath with long hairs, the basal joint of the hind tarsi
being scarcely longer than the second." This tarsal structure I believe
to be merely a sexual character of the male and without generic signifi-
cance. In the iy^Q of Blackburn's lirst species, N. corfical/s, it is
scarcely evident, and a second specimen in the B.M. collection with
similar tarsi is evidently a female with the ovipositor extruded. In the
tj'pe of iV. dentaticolUs it is much more evident, though even here
the tarsi are not so strongly expanded as in ^S*. aeratus Muls., J-
Again, the British Museum possesses a specimen, also from Adelaide,
indistinguishable from the type except that it has simple tarsi ; this I
take to be the $ N. dentaticolUs. JSfeosalinngits Blackb. therefore
merges into Lissodema, except that in N. corticalis the sides of the
thorax are not denticulate, as they are in N. dentaticolUs. If we retain
N. corticalis as the type, the genus may be maintained on this latter
character, Salpingus hyhridus Er. being included in it, while N. denta-
ticolUs Blackb. is referred to Lissodema. The other species placed by
Lea (Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. xh, 1917, pp. 159-161) in Neosalpingus,

1919.] 115

viz. iV. {Corticaria) politus Macl., N. scrraticollis Lea, JV. ohscuri-
2)eiinis Lea and A^. trifoveicolUs Lea, must also be referred to Lissodema.
Specimens from Tasmania that I identify from the description as N. ob-
scuripennis Lea, appear to be inseparable from the type of L. frigidum
Blackb.

4. Lissodema Cm-t.

T^'pe, L. cursor Gyll.

Stenolissodenm Desbr. (type, L. litiiratum Costa) was separated
as a subgenus on the characters given above, but it appears to me to be
untenable as a distinct gi'oup; many of the Japanese species described
by Keitter, Marseul, and Lewis Avould fall into Stenolissodema. A
rather distinct group is composed of L. letvisi and L. andrewesi
(described below), together with L. polltum Macl., characterised by
the strongly marked club of the antennae and by the smooth, scarcely
visibly punctate elytm, with scattered erect hairs. This group foi'ms a
connecting link with Platylissodema, but it does not seem advisable to
separate them from Lissodema.

Lissodema ceylonicum, n. sp.

Eloiif^ate, nitid, sparsely setose, piceous, with the basal half of the antennae
and the tai'si paler. Head rather feebly convex ; rostrum short, the sides
straight, strongly converging so that the front edge of the cljpeus is little
more than half as wide as the distance between the eyes ; supi'a-antennal
cariiiae raised ; clypeus swollen, defined posteriorly by an arcuate sharply-
marked impression ; surface of head with large, not very closely placed punc-
tures, some (? all) of which bear a single erect hair. Thorax nearly as long aa
broad, widest a little in front of the middle, evenly convex from side to side;
each lateral margin with 5 setigerous tubercles ; disc with large coarse punc-
tures, which towai'ds the middle line are somewhat smaller and elongate ; a
little within each basal angle is a deep but not very large fovea. Elytra
elongate, little wider at the slioulders than the thorax, slightly broader behind
the middle ; lateral carina visible throughout when viewed from above ; punc-
tures in regular rows, not very closely' placed, moderately coarse in basal half,
but not nearly so large as those of the thorax, the rows substriate with convex
intervals, behind the middle becoming almost obsolete ; the surface is set with
a few scattered erect hairs.

Length 1^ mm.

Hah. Ceylon, Horton Plains, Diko3'a, Balangoda, BogawantalaWa
((?. Lewis).

A single specimen from each locality, the one from Bogawantalawa
having a veiy much finer puneturation of the head and thorax : as the
punctures are not more numerous, they appear more widely spaced.
Differs from L. q^uadrip ustulat urn Marsh, in colour, in its much coarser

116 f^^'^y-

and sparser puncturation, and in tlie shape of the head. In form
X. ceylonicum most closely approaches Tricliosiiliaeriestes fryi (infra),
the present insect having the 8th joint of the antennae not markedly
wider than the 7th, the setae less numerous, the colour different, etc.

Lissodema denfiqernm, n. sp.

Elongate oval, castaneous, with the club of the antennae and the apical
twd-tliirds of the elytra piceous. Rostrum short; siipra-antennal carinae
straight, convergent in front. Thorax trausverse, widest a little in front of
the middle ; sides each with five teeth, of which the first (anterior) is small
and blunt, the other four being very stout and almost equal in size, each tooth
hearing on its apex a straight seta ; disc evenly convex from side to side,
coarsely and rather closely punctate, with a transverse impression before the
base. Elytra widest behind the middle, sides rounded throughout ; shoulders
rounded, lateral carina completely visible from above; puncturation strong in
basal half, gradual!}' obsolescent towards the apex ; punctures in rows, not very
closely placed, becoming rather confused towards the base, especially in the
scutellar area.

Length 2 mm.
Hah. Java {Boivring).

A single ^eclmen. A stout, convex species, apparently most closely
allied to L. japouum lleitt. and L. miiuifum Lewis, both from Japan.
From the former it differs, inter alia, in its shorter antennae, the more
coarsely punctured prothorax, and the less regular, somewhat confused
puncturing of the elytra ; in L. japouum the rows of punctures are
impressed with slightly conyex intervals. From L. minutum the present
species is separable by the stronger lateral teeth of the prothorax, the
coarse, though not crowded jiuncturing of the disc, the confused elytral
puncturation, etc.

Lissodema Irwisi, n. sp.

Elongate oval, nitid, testaceous, with the elytra paler except for a darh
fasc'a across the middle which extends backwards along the suture, and a
(lark triangle at the base ; the latter is due, iu part at any rate, to the dark
abdomen, where it is not covered by the folded wings, showing through the
translucent elytra. Head ratlier sparsely punctate, the supra-antennal carinae
sinuate, so that the rostrum is wider at the apex than at the points of insertion
of the antennae ; tlie latter moderately slender, the basal joint not very strongly
inflated, joints 2-8 gradually decreasing in length, but all longer than wide,
the last three joints very strongly incrassate and much darker in colour.
Thorax transverse, widest before the middle, with five setigerous teeth, which
increase in size from in front backwards, on each side ; disc evenly convex
from side to side, strongly but not closely punctate, with a strong transverse
fovea or impression on each side before the base. Elytra oval, widest about

1919.] 117

the middle, shoulders obtuse, lalei'al carina visible throughout ; almost im-
punctate, but Hues ol tine punctures may be discerned many of which bear an
upright golden hair.

Length 1| mm.

I£ab. Cetlon, Kitulgalle (G. Lewi's: Jan. 18S2).

Approaches Platylissodema (infra) in its short, broad form and
almost impunetate elytra, strongly pronounced antennal club, etc., but
differs in lacking the impressed lateral border to the thorax. The
following species from Southern India is a closely allied form.

Lissodema andreiuesi, n. sp.

Very near L. leivisi, but a little larger; the thorax more closely, but more
irregularly punctate, with smooth spaces free from punctures. In the middle
of each elytron is a transverse oval spot ; occasionally these meet on tlie
suture, but in none of the specimens before me do they form a complete fascia
or show any tendency to a backward prolongation along the suture.

Sab. S. India, Nilgiri Hills, Ouchterlony Valley, January, April,
and December, some on a woodstack, others under bark of a dead Ficus
(H. E. and H. L. Andreines).

The short series examined shows considerable diversity in colour,
the head and thorax being almost piceous in some examples and pale
reddish testaceous in others, the latter also have the club of the antennae
tlavescent. The puncturation, too, of the thorax varies considerably, the
transverse basal foveae being sometimes very deep and confluent.

5. Platylissodema, n. gen.

Head broad and flat, rostrum short, wider than long, expanded towards
the apex ; antennal grooves exposed from above, extending to the eyes ;
antennae with the basal joint inflated, much wider than the succeeding joints,
L'ad and 3rd elongate, of almost equal length, 4th to 8th successively shorter,
9th to 11th strongly thickened, forming a large, loosely-articulated club.
Prothorax transverse, lateral margins each with Ave small teeth, of which the
last is the largest, and, projecting laterally far beyond the basal foramen of
the thorax, takes the place of the posterior angle ; above the marginal denticu-
lations is a fine somewhat irregularly-impressed line, or series of short lines ;
disc moderately convex, nitid. punctate, with a large fovea on each side before
the base. Elytra ovate, convex, disc smooth and nitid, punctures and striae
almost obsolete, lateral margins invisible from above ; humeri subrectangular ;
epipleura vanishing before the apex.

Platylissodema may be regarded as intermediate between Lisso-
dema and Platysalpingus, nov. From the former it differs in having
the sides of the thorax with what may be considered a rudimentary
maro-inal line, the elytra smooth, almost impunetate, with a few

118 IMay.

scattered iipri<,'lit hairs, and the antennal clulj more strongly pro-
nounced. From the latter it may be distinguished by its short rostrum
and the incompletely developed marginal line of the thoi-ax.

The type is the species, redescribed below, that I take to be
Laiilh((nus ronueri Pic.

Lissodema laevipenne Mars., which must also be included in this
genus is more elongate than P. rouyerl and has the thorax less trans-
verse and more strongly and more evenly punctured on the disc, the
elytra distinctly though finely punctate, etc. ^

FJuiylissodema rourjcri Pic.

Lanlhanvs roujjeri Pic, Mel. exot.-entom. fasc. xi, 1914, p. 17.

The following is an amplified description of an insect that I have
little hesitation in referring to this species ; the antennal structure differs
remarkabl}^ from that of the Central and South American genus Lanchanus
Champ. If I am in error in assuming this identity, the present species
may be known as P. hryanti, sp. n.

Ovate, nitid, .sparsely setose, head and thorax brassy-black, el3'tra piceous,
e.'icli witli a large fulvous spot behind the shoulder and another towards the
apex. Ilejid moderately strongly, not very densely, punctate; antennal joints
1-3 testaceous, 4-8 piceous, 9-11 black. Thorax more strongly but irregularly
punctate, witli a gmup of very large punctures on each side of the disc. Elytra
snitioth and nitid, with scattered erect golden hairs. Underside and femora
piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler.

Length 1| to 3 mm.

Hah. BoiiNEO (S.E. : German Mission), Mount Matang,W. Sarawak
(G. E. Bryant) ; Penang {G. E. Bryant). Under loose bark of felled

trees.

The elytral spots vary considerably in extent, the two subapical
ones occupying almost half the elytra in one of the two S2)ecimens from
S.P]. Borneo ; in others these spots are so obscure as to be hardly visible.
L. rouyeri was described from Java.

This species bears a very close resemblance to Flatysalpinyus alho-
nofntus Pic, from the Kei Isls., and to Lanthanus varieqatus Champ.,
fi-om Central America. From the former it differs in its short rostrum,
fi'om tlie latter in its antennal structure (see table of genera).

6. PLATTSALPIX(irS, 11. gcn.

Head sunk in prothorax almost to the eyes ; rostrum long, antennae
inserted in lateral grooves towards the base ; basal joint of latter inflated,
2ud almost as long as 3rd, 4th to 8th successively shorter, last three joints

1919.J 119

greatly enlarged, forming a sharply-defined club ; eyes lateral, entire-, oval,
more prominent behind than in front. Thorax transverse ; sides rather
rounded in front, more or less sinuate towards posterior angles, finely mar-
gined throughout, except the lateral portions of tlie base ; anterior angles
obtuse, depressed, posterior angles sharply I'ectangular or acute; base truncate
or feebly bisinuate, almost as wide as base of elytra. Elytra ovate, widest a
little behind the middle, finely and irregularly punctured, or punctures obsolete.
Wings ample. Pygidium exposed beyond the apex of the elytra. Tarsi simple,
penultimate joint smaller than antepenultimate, claw-joint of posterior tarsi
about as long as the basal joint.

Tyj^e, RJiinosimus loallacei Pasc.

The members of this geni;s bear a superficial resemblance to the
Oucujid genera Hhinomcilus and Bhinophloeus of Tropical America.

Platysaljjingus differs from Rhinos imus in the form of the pro-
thorax and in the structure and position of the antennae. It is closelj
allied to Platylissodema (supra), differing mainly in the longer snout
and the more regularly marginate sides of the prothorax. In Platy-
lissodema the rostrum is flat, not much constricted in the middle, and
not much produced in front of the insertion of the antennae, i. e. the
apex of the basal joint of the antennae reaches up to the apex of
the clypeus ; in Plafi/saljjiiif/iis it is slightly curved downwards and
prolonged very much beyond the apex of the first antennal joint.

The genus is known, so far, only from the New Guinea region.

Jusy to the Species.

1. Elytra unicolorous, violet, or piceous with violet reflections, distinctly

and irregularly punctate ; lateral margins of thorax evenly defined

throughout xvallucei Pasc.

? —coeruleus Pic,
Elytra piceous, each with a large flavous spot near the base and another
towards the apex ; sides of thorax unevenly impressed 2.

2. Basal spots of elytra approximate approximatus, u. sp.

Basal spots of elytra distant, subhumeral 3.

S. Rostrum longer, about five times as long as wide . , . .longirostris, n. sp.
Rostrum shorter, about twice as long as wide albonotatus Pic

N.B. — Rhinosimus corticalis Olliff, from Queensland, is not known
to me, but it appears to be allied to P. longirostris in the above key.

Rlatysalpingus longirostris, n. sp.

Ovate, nitid, almost glabrous ; dark piceous, the thorax with a faint
aeneous tinge, the elytra each with two pale testaceous spots, one transversely
oval situated behind the shoulders, the other obliquely oval towards the apex.
Rostrum very long, five or six times as long as its width at the points of in-
sertion of the antennae, expanded near the apex. Thorax widest before the

120 ^^^^'

niiddle, the sides rounded in front, sinuate towards the base and finely mar-
gined throughout; disc evenly convex, with two deep oblique foveae before
the base ; the median area has very coarse punctures, with a group of smaller
ones on each side in front of the fovea ; towards the sides and the basal angles
the punctures become very minute and sparse. Elytra ovate, the piceous area
finely, almost obsoletely, punctulate, the pale spots free from punctures. Legs
piceous, the tarsi paler.

Length 2|-5 mm.

Hah. New Guinea, Dorey {Wallace).

Closely allied to P. luallacei, from which it differs in colour and in
the longer rostrum.

Flatysalpingus approximatus, sp. n.

Closely resembling P. hngirodris and P. alhonotatns, but with the basal
spots of the elytra situated closer to the suture. Rostrum intermediate in
length between that of P. long'u-ostris and P. alhonotatus, the sides of tlie
thorax very obscurely denticulate, again intermediate between the two species
named. Puncturation of the thorax very coarse, covering a triangular area
from the middle of the base to near the anterior angles, the punctures being
largest towards the apex of the triangle and decreasing forwards and laterally.

Length 3 mm.

Hah. GiLOLO, Morty {Wallace).

Platysalpingus albonotatus Pic.

La7ithanus alhonotatus Pic, Mel. exot.-ent. fasc. xi. 1914, p. 17.

The British Museum possesses a single specimen from Amboyna
( Wallace) that I I'efer to this species, the type of which was from the
Kei Islands.

In colom* and markings it closely resembles P. longirostris (supra),
but differs in the shorter, stouter rostrum, which is onl}^ about double as
long as its width at the points of insertion of the antennae. The sides
of the thorax are bluntly denticulate, each with four teeth bearing a
single stiff hair ; the last of these is much more developed than the
others and forms the posterior angle of the thorax. In this respect
P. albonotatus forms a transition stage between Platylissodema and
JPlatysalpingus ivallacei, in which the lateral teeth, with the exception
of that forming the posterior angle of the thorax, are obsolete, though
represented by their setae.

7. Lanthanus Champ.

Remarkable for its antennal structure. Besides the two Central
American species placed here by Champion, Pic has added L. hrasillensis

J^ SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTEllA, by the

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Additional notes on the Indian species of Dianous, — G. C, Champion, F.Z.8. .,, 97
The occTirrence of Dianoxis in Almoi-a, Knmaon, U.P,. India. — H. G. Chanvpion,

B.A.,F.E.8 99

A synonymic note. — K. G. BJair, B.Sc, F.E.S -. 1 "'1

A new aberration of Cosyrabia (Epliyra) pendularia CI. — F. C. Woodforde,

B.A., F.E.S , 103

A new Britisb Heteropezine &j.{ivitli figure).— F. W. Edwards, B.A.. F.E.S , 103

On the British species of Enpelix Gennar. — J. Edimrds, F.E.S , 105

Phloeopora angustiformis Baudi. — D. Shcnji, M.A„ F.E.S ..,, 106-

Note on Pterostichus angustatus Dufts. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S luG

Ptinus eexpunctatus Panz. and Osmia rufa LLtm. — C. Morley, F.Z.S 107

Deronectes depressiis Fabr. and elegans Panz, — Ed^ ._ , 107

Notes on the habits of Heterocerus. — Eds 107

Occurrence of Orneodes hiiebneri in Canada. — E. Meyrick, B.A., F.B.S 108

Proportion of the sexes in Deinacrida (Hemideina) meg.acephala Bnller.— G. V.

Hudson, F.E.S , ■ ..,.. 108

Society Entomologique de Belgique.— EJs , 1()9

Review.— The Zygoptera.or Damsel-flies, of Illinois. By Philip Qarnian, Ph.D. 109

Society. — South London Entomological Society 110

Notes on the Pythidae with descriptions of new species. — K. G. Blair, B.Sc,

F.E.S , 112

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1919.] 121

from Brazil and L. latissimiis from Bolivia. 'Two Orien
by tlie last-named author almost certainly have nothing
present genus and are considered above.

10. NoTOSALPiNGUS Blackb.

This genus was characterised for the reception of a sin gleNL ^fe^lJJi^n
species, N. ornatus Blackb., which differed from Salpingus mainly in
the structure of the tarsi, " of which the apical joint is as long as all the
rest together, the penultimate much narrower than the preceding joints,
and the first not much longer than the second." This tarsal structure
is of very doubtful value as a generic character, but the genus may be
maintained on account of its pilosity, the shape of the thorax, the sides
of which are obscurely denticulate, etc.

Lea has since added four species, one from King Id. and three from
Lord Howe Id. ; all of these are unknown to me, but the following is
almost undoubtedly distinct from them : —

Notosalpingus parvulns, n. sp.

Elongate oval, moderately nitid, sparsely pubescent, pitchy-brown, with
tbe base of the antennae, the tibiae, and tarsi paler. Head and thorax strongly
punctate, the latter transversely cordate, not very convex, the sides obscurely
denticulate. Elytra in the anterior half vfith tolerably regular rows of strong
punctures, these becoming much smaller towards the apex.

Length I'o mm.

Hah. W. Australia [Nov. HolL Occid.] {clu, Boulay).

A single specimen in the Fry collection. It is the first species to
be recorded from Western Australia. This may possibl}'^ be synonymous
with N. metaUicus Lea, from Lord Howe Island, with which {ex descr.)
it agrees in size and coloui', but the widely different localities render this
identity improbable.

11. Trichosphaeriestes, n. gen.

Near Sphaeriestes, Body pilose. Head inserted in the thorax as far as
the eyes ; rostrum short, sides convergent anteriorly, dorso-lateral carina
straight, antennal grooves sc«rcely visible from above, abutting upon the eyes ;
antennae stout, 2nd joint as long as and stouter than Srd, 3rd to 6th of equal
thickness, thence increasing to 9th, 9th to 11th also equal. Thorax sub-
cordate, evenly convex, ratlier rounded in front, the lateral margins with a few
small setigerous tubercles. Elytra convex, widest behind the middle, lateral
margins visible from above almost throughout, epipleura evanescent behind.

The single species assigned to this genus differs from the hairy
Chilian forms referred by Fairmaire to Salpingus (>S'. variegaius, etc.)

M

"199 [June,

in its stouter, more convex form, the head more deeply sunk in the pro-
thoi'ax, the dissimilar antennae, etc., as well as in having setigerous
tubercles on the sides of the thorax.

Tricliosphaeriestes fryif n. sp.

Elongate oval, convex, setose, uniformly testaceous; antennae stout,
thickened towards the apex, last three joints not forming a sharply-defined
club. Prothorax evenlj-^ convex, without marked depressions, coarsely but not
very closely punctate ; the sides immar|iinate, with minute scattered setigerous
tubercles. Elytra transversely depressed behind the base, with rows of seti-
gerous punctures not very closely placed ; these punctures, very large on
the anterior half of the elytra, become much smaller behind the transverse
depression.

Length 2f mm.

Hah. Beazil, Eio de Janeiro {Fry).

Two specimens of indeterminate sex in the Fry collection. This is
apparently the first species of the group to be recorded from the eastern
side of the South American continent, and it cannot well be confused
with any other described form.

13. Oncosalpingus, n. gen.

Allied to Sphaeriestes Steph. { = Salpinyits auctt.). Body pilose ; the hind
legs of the S remarkably modified. Rostrum short, not evidently widened to-
wards the apex, the dorso-lateral carina feebly emarginate above the insertion
of the antennae, the lateral grooves moderately visible from above and abutting
upon the eyes. Antennae slender, gradually thickened towards the apex ; 2nd
joint equal to 4th, a little shorter than 3id, 6th to 10th ovate, 11th half as
long again as the 10th. Elytral epipleura incomplete, vanishing about the
level of the third abdominal segment.

S . Coxae of posterior legs produced ventrally into a rounded tooth or
lobe ; femora inflated, subpyriform ; tibiae very stout, arcuate in basal half,
the curve being produced inwards into a stout subcouical tooth, the apical
half straight, bent outwards at the base of this tooth ; intermediate tibiae
sinuate on inner side

The occurrence of this type of leg-structure in yei another family of
the Heteromera is interesting, particularly in one in which secondary
sexual characters are so little in evidence as they are in the Pythidae.
Inflated hind femora are most freely developed in the Oedemeridae
(e. g. Oedemera, Oncomera, Selenopalpus, etc.), but they are present in
certain Meloidae (Roria), Melandryidae {Osphya), and XylopMlidae.
In all cas'es the character appears as a sexual modification of the male,
and is not correhited with any power of leaping, as is the tliickened
femora of the Halticidue, of OrcJies/es, Scirtes, etc., where it is common
to both sexes.

1019.] 223

Oncosalpingiis podagricus, n. sp.

Elongate-oval, setw^e, piceous, with yellow markings on the eWtra and
the base of the antennae, the palpi and legs testaceous. Head about as long-
PS its width across the eyes, the latter being distant more than their own width
from the front of the thorax. Thorax a little longer than wide, subcordate,
with a pair of extensive though shallow depressions before the base ; the disc
moderately strongly and closely punctate. Elytra elongate-ovate, sliglitly
wider behind the middle ; shoulders rounded, subrectangular ; lateral margins
visible from above, except at the shoulders; disc with an oblique transverse
depression behind the base ; strongly, rather irregularly seriate-punctate, the
punctures becoming smaller behind and each bearing a suberect hair ; they
have a large, dark, triangular, common basal spot, a postmedian dark band of
somewhat zigzag form, with a large backwardly-directed flexure on each, and
a common dark triangular apical patch, the ground-colour being yellowish.
Tlie sexual characters of the posterior legs have been noted above under the
generic diagnosis.

Length 4-4| mm.

Hab. Chile {Beed).

Three examples, all c? c? , in the Fry collection. They closely
resemble Salpingus variegatus Fairm. et Germ., also from Chile, in
the elytral markings, but are very much larger, the head is more elon-
gate, particularly behind the eyes, the puncturation is stronger, and the
pubescence shorter, especially that of the antennae. Of S. variegatus
there is only one specimen, marked "type," in the Museum collection.
On account of the above-noted, points of difference, this can scarcely be
the $ of 0. podagricus, but it may possibly have to come in the same
genus.

14. Sphaeeiestes Steph.

In its unrestricted sense an extensive genus of world-wide distribu-
tion. Mulsant, in studying the European species, separated two genera,
\'iz. , Haboceriis [type, jS. inutilatus Beck (= S. Jhveolafiis Muls. nee
Ljungh.*)] and Colposis (type, *S'. virescens Muls.) ; later, Pic proposed
a subgenus, Pseudorahocerus, for Rahocerus lederi Reitt., an insect
vinknown to me ; and more recently Reitter has formed the subgenus
Salj)ingelhis for Sphaeriestes ater Payk. and S. reyi Ab. The value
of this latter division seems to me very dubious, some of the palae-
arctic species occupying an intermediate position between the two
(e. g. ^S'. aeratus Muls. and 8. impressus Woll.) Of the numerous
exotic forms, especially those from New Zealand and Madagascar, too
few are known to me to warrant the formation of new genera, and for
the present I must retain them all under Sphaeriestes sensu lato.

» Cf. Blair. Ent. Mo. Mag. (a) iv, 1918, \)\i. 7T-81.

124

[June,

19. ViNCENZELLUS Eeitt.

Type, Blnnoswnis viridipenvis Latr., an insect that has been the
source of endless confusion owing to its similarity in coloiu- with B. rufi-
collis L. Indeed, its inclusion in BJiinosimus at all seems to be wholly
due to this similarity.

In 1868, Schmidt-Goebel (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxix, p. 380) published
a very useful paper clearing up the synonymy of these two species, and
stated that B. viridipennis was a true Saljjingus (SpJiaeriesfes). While
this conclusion remains open to question, it certainly does seem clear that
it is not a BJiinosimus, and that a separate genus is required for its
reception. It may be noted in passing, that Schmidt- Groebel, in the
paper above cited, while referring to Antlirihus rohoris F. (Ent. Syst.,
Suppl. 1798, p. 161, and Syst. Eleuth. i, 1801, p. 410), omits any
reference to the earlier Ourctdio rohoris F. (Mantissa Insect, i, 1787,
p. 100). This latter insect is certainly not the Antlirihus rohoris of
the later works {=B. viridipennis Latr.), but is the species redescribed
by Paykull (1792) {= B. ruficollis L.), and should be included among
its synonyms.

Evidence has recently been brought forward by Hardy (" Lancashire
Naturalist," viii, 1916, p. 344) to prove that Y. viridipennis Latr. and
B. rtificollis L. are merely sexes of the same species, the latter being
the $ , Sharp and Muir, however, describe the genitalia of the 6 of
B. riiJicoUis, and on dissecting specimens I have found both sexes
of each of them.

B. aeneirostris Mannerh. and B. anthracinus Fairm. and Germ,
both come within this genus.

B. valdivianus Phil, is apparently very similar {ex descr.) to
B. anthracinus, but has a longer rostrum and a 3-jointed club to the
antennae, and consequently would seem to require a new genus inter-
mediate between Neosalpingus and Blatysalpingus.

London.

March 1919.

A NOTE ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF SPHAEBIDIUM.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Five years ago Dr. Joy pointed out that we have three species of
Sphaeridium in England, although only two are recognised as European
by recent writers. In coming to this conclusion he relied on the form of
the jnale genitalia, but he also pointed out other characters of the exterior

1919.] 125

that enable the species to be recognised with ease. The object o£ my
note is to emphasise the coiTectness of Dr. Joy's valuable observation,
and to give a few additional particulars resulting from the examination
of 100 British examples of the genus.

I will not repeat Dr. Joy's brief table of the characters, for his
paper must be referred to, not only because of its originality, but also
because of his figures of the apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus.
It appeared in this Magazine in April 1914, pp. 83 and 84.

I endeavoured to investigate the point last year, but as my material
-pas not quite satisfactory, the matter was left over till the present
spring, and on the 8th of this month noticing that Sphaeridium was
running in some numbers on the fresh cowdung here I caj)tured
26 examples. On examination it was found that 17 were males, and
that all the three species were present, there being 9 scarabaeoides,
8 guadrimaculatum, and 9 bipiistulatum.

The aedeagus of mi>st of the specimens has been studied, and the
result is to leave no doubt of the certain distinctness of the species. I
will now give some brief particulars as to each of them.

1. S. scarabaeoides L.

This is the blackest species, the side margins of the thorax and the
hind femora being entii'cly black, which is not the case in either of
the other two forms.

The median lobe of the aedeagus is very parallel-sided, and its apex
subtruncate, being only slightly rounded, with a very small acumen in
the middle, the size of which is exaggerated in Joy's figure. The lateral
lobes clasp the median lobe very closely, and are very slender and delicate
at the apex. The peculiarities of the male front feet are very strongly
developed.

The species varies a good deal in size, but only a little in colour, the
red coloration near the shoidder of the elytra is generally very indefinite,
but occasionally it is fairly well limited and distinct.

S. scarabaeoides is found both in England and Scotland, r - t

2. ^S*. quadrimaculatum Marsh.

Dermestes quadrimaculafus Marsham, Ent. Brit, i, p. 65.

This species on the Continent is apparently universally confounded
with the preceding, but, as stated by Joy, it is distinguished from
S. scarabaeoides bj^ the sides of the thorax being (at any rate in front)

126 [•'""*-.

pallid in colour. The legs are paler, the hind femora being 3'ellow, Avith
a more or less extensive dark patch on the middle.

The median lobe o£ the aedeagus has the apical third gradually
narrowed to the tip, so that this part of it is quite pointed and dagger-
like. The lateral lobes are slender, delicately and gradually narrowed
and pointed.

The species also varies in size, and it appears to be on the average
rather smaller than S. scarahaeoides. The colour is also rather variable,
and occasionally the yellow of the sides of the thorax becomes so
much diminished as to suggest that a variety with concolorous black
thorax may exist. The red mark on the elytra is usually definite and
conspicuous.

I think Dr. Joy is correct in referring Marsham's description of
Dermestes quadrimacidatiis to this species, but as there is a prior
4:-macnIafiis of Scriba, Marsham's name is not certainly established.
It occurs in both Scotland and England.

3. S. hip2tsUdatnm Fab.

This is correctly distinguished from the other two (confounded as
one) in literature ; it is, however, an extremely variable species in colour,
and less so in shape and sculpture. Many names have been proposed for
the variations, and are given by Ganglbauei- and Keitter.

The aedeagus is quite characteristic : shorter than in the other
species, it is bluntly pointed, and the lateral lobes are clumsy, thick, and
quite blunt apically. The male front feet are much smaller than they
are in the other two forms.

S. hijmstulatum is abundant in both England and Scotland, and
notwithstanding its great variation is easily recognised. All the nine
specimens found by me here on the 8th inst. are of one form.

I may conclude by alluding to a point that has hitherto escaped
observation, viz. the very peculiar female genitalia. There is a compli-
cated, rather large structure at their termination, with which is connected
an elongate contorted gland. This suggests some spinning-apparatus,
and the tip of the female abdomen is sometimes sealed by an exudation.

Nothing is known as to the life-history, beyond Schiodte's somewhat
meagre account of the larva. I expect it will prove to be interesting
when discovered.

Brockenhurst.

May Ibth, 1919.

ON THE AQUATIC COLEOPTEEA, Etc., OP THE TRENT VALLEY

IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LONG EATON.

BY H. H. WALLIS, M.A. (Cantab.).

The district under consideration consists of a strip of low-lying
ground, less than 100 feet above sea-level. The sub-soil is alluvium or
Banter sandstone with pockets of alluvial gravel. The greater part of
the area is liable to heavy floods. Kunning streams with gravelly bottoms
are not met with, and most of the collecting has been done in ditches and
ponds. The three counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Notting-
hamshire meet in about the centre of the area collected over, there being
no definite geographical boundaries between them, and the district is
a fairly distinct natm-al region. My collecting has seldom extended
into Nottinghamshire, but I feel sure that several species unrecorded in
Professor Cai-r's " Fauna of Nottinghamshire " and which I have found
within a mile of the county boundary must have established themselves
in that county. Professor Carr has told me that the water-beetles of
Nottinghamshire have been very little worked, which probably accounts
for the paucity of the records of the Hydrophilidae.

I do not suggest that the records below are by any means complete :
my collecting has been done during the War, at times when my duties
gave me an occasional free hour, but they may be of some value to a
Coleopterist working in a district I have now left.

The open-air swimming-bath at Trent College yielded about twenty-
five species. Most of these must have been " visitors," as the water with
which the bath is filled comes from a well and the bath is emptied and
cleaned in the Spring. The bath is lined with glazed tiles, which do not
seem to be likely quarters for beetles which pass the winter months in
the imaginal state. These visitors came from some distance, as the only
stream in the immediate neighbourhood of the college never yielded me
a beetle. Among them may be mentioned Dytiscus circumcinctus,
which, I think, is a new record for the Midlands, and Salijjius
mucronatus.

In the list below, the letters D., L., and N. refer to the counties
Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire, in which specimens
were taken.

Haliplidae :

Brychiiis elevatus Pz., scarce, L. Haliplus mucronatus Steph., 1 specimen,
D. ; H. Jiuviatilis Aub., abundant, L. D. N. ; //. wehnckei Gerh., scarce, 1).;
K. ruJicoUis De G., abundant, L. D, N.; H. lineatocollis Marsli., abuudaut,
L. D. N.

128 [June-

Dytiscidae :

Noterus clavicornis De G., locally common, L. LaecopJiihis interrupttis Pz.,
common, N. T). ; L. obscurus Pz., common, D. Hyphydrus ovatus L., abundant,
N. L. D. Coelnmbus versicolor Schall., D. ; C. inaeqiialis F., D. L. ; C. con-
jiuens F., scarce, L. Deronectes asuhnilis Pk., locally abundant, D. ; D. 12-pustu-
Uttus R, scarce, D. Hydroporus picttis F., common, D. ; H, dorsalis F., scarce,
L. ; H. Itneatus F., L. N. D. ; H. palusfris L., L. N. D. ; H. erythrocephalus L.,
D. ; H. pubescens Gyll., D. ; -H". planus F., D. L. ; H. lituratus F., not com-
mon, D. Agabus paludosus F., abundant, D. ; A. nebulosus Forst., abundant,
D. L. ; A. sturmi Gyll., D. L. ; A. bipustnlatus L., a number of chestnut-
coloured specimens were taken in 1914 in the college bath : I have not seen
others since. Ilybius fidiyhiosus F., D. L. N. ; I. obscurus Marsh,, locally very
abundant, L. Mhantus pulverosu.s Sleph., 1 specimen, D. Colymbetes fusctis
L., very abundant 1914 and 1918, but seldom seen in the intervening years, D.
Dytiscus marginalis L., D. ; Z). cireumcinctus Ahr., 1 specimen, D. Acilius
sulcatus L., abundaut, U,

IIydeophilidae :

Hydrobius fusctpes L., common, D, ; H. fuscipes var. aeneus Sol., less
common, D. Philhydrus tesiaceiis F., D. ; F. vielanocephalus 01., scarce, L. ; P.
ntyrica}is7^ett,, scarce, D. Anacaena ylobulus Pk., abundant, D. L. ; A. limbata
F., abundant, D. L. Lnccobms alutaceus Th., abundant, D. L.; L. minutus L.,
scarce, D. ; L. bipunctatus F., D. Litnnebius truncatellus Thunb., D. L. ;
L. nitidus Marsh., scarce, D. Helophorus aquaticus L., abundant, 1). L. N. ;
H. aquaticus var. aequnlis Th., abundant, D. L. ; H. brevijxilpis Bed., abundant,
D. Hydraeiui riparia Kug., scarce, D. ; H, niyrita Germ., scarce, D.

In addition, the following Carabidae are new to the Nottingham-
shire list as given in Carr's Fauna o£ the County : — I took a few examples
of Bemhidium articulatum Pz. at Colwick in June 1918. Clivina col-
laris Hbst. also occurred : this beetle has only once before been recorded
in Notts, when Mr. R^des found one specimen by the side of the Trent.
Anchomemis thoreiji Dj. is also new to the county, I believe.

The Grammar School,
Bradford.

May rith, 1919.

EPVEAEA DISTINCTA Grimmeb, A BEETLE NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY J. W. ALLEN.

I am pleased to be able to record the cajiture of examples of
this species in the Gower peninsula of Glamorgan. The first specimens
seen were knocked out of a fungus growing an a tree in a small wood
in Oxwich Bay on April 12th last. Subsequently Dr. Nicholson,
Mr. Tomlin, and myself found the beetle both in the woods of Penrice
and in the centre of the peninsula at Reynoldston, and always in the

1919.1 129

same fungTis, which is, I think, a Daedalea. The beetle was found only
in this particular fungus, and is the sole species of Epuraea that we saw.

It was iden-tified by us as Epuraea distincta Grimmer, and the
determination l>as been confirmed by Mr. Champion, to whom all
the specimens in our possession were sent. The following are the
most distinctive cliaracters : the thorax is broadest behind the middle,,
and is suddenly and deeply excised on either side, in front of the
posterior angles, which form almost right angles ; the elytra are some-
what pai-allel-sided, with moderately broad lateral margins and rounded
apex, and are suffused with dark markings, which were very obvious during
life ; the antennae have the club slightly infuscate, and the last joint,
almost as broad as the penultimate ; the intermediate tibiae of the S are
emarginate in the middle within, the emargination terminating in a
tooth. Length 2-3 mm. Habitat : Mid-Europe, France, Italy, Ural,
Baikal.

vSuperficially E. distincta closely resembles E. ohsoleta F., but is
easily distinguished from it, as well as from all tlie other British species^
by the emargination of the sides of the thorax.

Great quantities of wood are brought to Swansea and to Burry Port
on either side of the Gower for use in coal mines. The wood comes,
mainly, I understand, from South France and from Norway. A large
amount of driftwood from these countries is cast up on the Gower coast..
It is just possible that the species has been introduced in this manner
more or less recently; if so, it would seem at least to be very well
established in its new home.

1^66 Willesden Lane, N.W. 2.
May 1919.

NEW AND LTTTLE-KNOWN SALTATOEIAL DASCILLIDAE :
SECOND SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

On pp. 26, 27, ante, two Scirtes, from Fiji, were added to those*
enumerated by me in the 1918 Volume of this Magazine. The very fine-
collection of Coleoptera made by the late lamented H. C. Dollman in
N. lihodesia in 1913-15, recently presented by his father to the British
Museum, contains representatives of several new species of the same-
genus, and the opportunity is now taken to describe them, as well as
another Scirtes found by Mr. Neave on the shore of the Victoria
Nyanza. These African forms should be added to my last year's paper,
between Nos. 25 and 26.

130 [June,

Scirtes qii adrijmstui afus , n. sp.

Broad-oval, robust, convex, shining, thickly, rather coarsely pubescent;
black, the elytra each with a large transverse patch at the base (extending
from near the suture to the outer margin), and a transverse, oval spot on the
disc beyond the middle, testaceous ; the antennae black, with joints 1-3
(except 1 above), and the extreme apices of 4 and 5, testaceous, the ventral
surface obscure ferruginous, the legs testaceous, with the femora and tibiae
partly inf uscate ; denselj', minutely, the elytra more distinctly, punctate.
Head short, broad, the eyes large ; antennae moderately elongate, slender,
joints 2 and 3 short, equal in length, 4-11 each neaily twice the length of 3.
Prothorax rapidly narrowed from the base, hollowed in front opposite the eyes.
Elytra without trace of raised lines, the margins narrowly expanded. Ventral
segment 5 triangularly emarginate at apex. Posterior coxal plates angulate.
Posterior legs very stout ; the tibiae not very long, feebly curved, and sharply
carinate, the upper spur curved, nearly as long as the first tarsal joint, the
lower one short.

Length 4j, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. N. Khodesia, Namaiila (H. C. DoUiiian : 30.viii.l914).
One specimen, probably 6 • A species very different from any
other known African Scirtes, and resembling a 4-spotted Coccinellid.

Scirtes hijidiis, n. sp.

Broad-oval, somewhat pointed behind, convex, shining, closely, fint^ly
pubescent ; black, the base of the elytra broadly, indeterminately rufescent,
the reddish colour extending narrowly down the suture and forward on to the
scutellum and a narrow space in front of it on the prothorax, the antennae
wholly testaceous, the ventral surface obscure ferruginous, the legs testaceous,
with the femora more or less infuscate ; densely, minutely, the elytra more
distinctly, punctate. Head broad ; antennae moderately long, rather slender,
joint 3 very short, scarcely as long as 2, the others not very elongate. Pro-
thorax rapidly, arcuately narrowed from the base, the anterior angles deflexed,
obtuse. Elytra without trace of raised lines, narrowly margined, the apices
slightly produced. Posterior coxal plates angular. Posterior legs very stout ;
the tibiae feebly curved and sharply carinate, the upper spur almost straight,
cleft at the tip (as seen in prohle), and nearly as long as the first tarsal joint,
the lower one short.

Length 3, breadth 2\ mm.

Hah. N. Rhodesia, Mwengwa {II. C. Dollman: G.viii.l913).

One specimen. A convex, broad-oval form, black above, with the
base of the elytra indeterminately suffused with red, the antennae wholly
testaceous, and the upper posterior tibial spur cleft at the tip. This is
the second species known to me with a peculiarly shaped tibial spur, the
other being >S'. suhulatus from the Niger. Compared with S. 4<-2'>uslu-
latus, the antennae in the present species are less elongate. In general
facies S. hijidiis is not unlike tlie Eornean S. ephippiatus.

1919.] 131

Scirtes dolhnani, n. sp.

Oblong-elliptic, robust, sbiuing-, tbickly clotbed with ratber coarse pallid
pubescence ; rufo-testaceous, the elytra slightly infuscate towards tbe sides and
apex, tbe abdomen black at the tip ; the antennae black, joints 1-3 and the legs
testaceous, the posterior femora in great part infuscate ; densel}', very tinely
punctate. Antennae long, rather slender, joints 2 and 3 short, equal, 4-11 lili-
form. Prothorax arcuately narrowed from the base, the anterior angles dellexed
and somewhat prominent. Elytra oblong-oval, slightly flattened and with an
indication of faint raised lines on the disc, narrowly margined. Posterior coxal
plates angular. Legs rather long; posterior tibiae almost straight, sharply
carinate, the upper spur nearly as long as the hrst tarsal joint, hooked at
the tip.

Length nearly 4, breadth 2\ mm.

Ilai. N. KiiODEsiA, Namwala {II. C. Dolhnan : 21.iii.l913).

One specimen. A robust, oblong-elliptic form, rufo-testaceous in-
colour, with the antennal joints 4-11, the posterior femora in part, and
the apex of the abdomen black. It is not very closely related to any of
the African species of the genus represented in the Museum.* In general
facies S. dollmani approaches S. vittifrons and nigeriensis ; but it is
more elongate and very differently coloured, and the entire upper surface
is densely, very hnely punctured.

8ci7-tes microcaroicles, n. sp.

c5' . Oblong, rather narrow, depressed, shining, finely pubescent ; teata-
oeous, the base of the head and a transverse mark on the disc of the prothorax
infuscate, the eyes and the antennal joints 4-11 black; densely, very tinely
punctate. Head broad, the eyes rather convex ; antennae very long, nearly
reaching the middle of the elytra, rather slender, joints 2 and 3 short, subequal,
the others filiform. Prothorax rounded at the sides, gradually narrowed from
the base, the anterior angles deflexed and rather sharp. Elytra long, narrowly
margined, obaoletely subcostate on the disc. Posterior coxal plates an<julHr.
Legs elongate ; upper posterior tibial spur curved, simple, nearly as long as
tirst tarsal joint.

Length 3^, breadth 1| mm.

Ilab. N. KiiODESiA, Mwengwa {R. C. Dollman: 27.X.1913).
One male, with the slender trilobate genital armature partly exposed.
This species, owing to its oblong depressed form, has the general facies
of a small Microcara. Smaller and narrower than 8. helodinus (type $ ),
from Lari, British E. Africa, the eyes less depressed, the antennae a
little less elongate, the prothorax more rounded at the sides behind, the
elytra feebly costulate. S. Icatanganus Pic (1915), from Katanga, in
the Congo Eegion, is doubtless related to these insects.

* The descriptions of 5. rufer.cens and atluaudi Pic (1915^ have not yet been seen by me.

132 [June,

Scirtes rliodesiae, n. sp.

5 . Oblong-oval, rather broad, somewhat depressed, shining, thiclily
clothed with coarse pallid pubescence; testaceous or obscure testaceous, the
head, joints 4-11 of the antennae, prothorax, and posterior knees more or less
infuscate ; densely, very finely, the elytra a little more coarsely and not so
closely, punctate. Antennae moderately long, very slender, joints 2 and 3
short, equal, 4-11 filiform. Prothorax rapidly narrowed from the base.
Elytra with an indication of faint raised lines on the disc, narrowly, sharply
margined. Posterior coxal plates angular. Legs long ; upper spur of posterior
tibiae simple, shorter than the first tarsal joint.

Length 4|-oJ, breadth 3 mm.

Hah. N. Khodesia, Namwala (fiT. C. Dollman : SO.iii. and
l.iv.l913).

Two females, each Avith ovipositor extruded. Intermediate in size
between 8. suhcostatiis from Entebbe, Uganda, and 8. qfricanus from
Natal, differing from the former (type 2 ) in tbe relatively shorter and
more slender antennae and the less distinctly costulate elytra, which are
also less rounded at the sides, and from the latter in the slender antennae,
etc. S. neavei, infra, from the Victoria Nyanza, is another allied form.

Scirtes neavei, n. sp.

5 . Oblong, broad, depressed, shining, thickly clothed with pallid pubes-
cence; reddish brown, the eyes, antennae (except joints 1-3, which are
testaceous beneath and infuscate ab >ve), anterior and intermediate tibiae^
posterior femora (except at the base), and sides and apex of abdomen, black ;
the entire upper surface densely, minutely punctate. Head rather small, the
eyes large ; antennae very long, moderately slender, joints 2 and 3 short, equal,
together about as long as 4, 4-11 subfiliform. Prothorax rapidly narrowed
from the base forward, deeply hollowed in front opposite the eyes. Elytra
oblong, sharply margined, with a distinct, posteriorly evanescent sutural stria,
and three faint raised lines on the disc. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-
emarginate. Posterior coxal plates angular. Posterior tibiae slightly curved,
carinate, the upper spur very long, shorter than the first tarsal joint.

Length 6, breadth 3iV mm.

Hub. British E. Afbica, East shore of Victoria Nyanza near
KaYungvi{S. A. Weave: 2S.iv.l9ll).

One specimen. Closely related to S. suhcostatiis (of which seven
examples have now been seen by me *), from Uganda, but differing from
that insect (type 5 ) in having the elytra much less rounded at the sides,
the general shape being oblong, and the entire upper surface densely,
minutely punctate. S. neavei and the additional specimens of S. sub-

» Of. ante, p. 27.

1919.] 133

costatus have recently been found amongst the "accessions" in the
Museum, as well as an abraded (? c? ) Scirtes from Uganda which may
represent yet another species ? ^

Plor^ell.

Muy 1919.

TENTHBEDELLA FLAVICOBNIS F. AT LICHFIELD.
BT THE EEV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

The inclusion of Tenthredella flavicornis F. { = Tent1iredo JIava
auctt. nee L.*) among the British Sawflies has apparently rested hitherto
entirely on certain statements of J. F. Stephens, and the existence of a
specimen in the British Collection at S. Kensington, to which those
statements probably refer. Exactly 90 years ago he listed the species
as British in his "Systematic Catalogue," calling it ^Z/««^?«s^rty/cor?m,
giving no locality and mentioning no captor, but saying that it was in
the British Museum. He also marked it with a f , indicating that he
did not himself possess an example of the species. Afterwards in his
" Illustrations," published in 1835 — the year of Leach's death — he again
records it as British and describes both sexes, saying that it was " Taken
near Plymouth ; apparently rare." This statement suggests, though it
does not actually prove, that he supposed the specimen (or specimens ?)
in question to be among Leach's Devonshire captures.

W. F. Kirby's List (1882) of the Sawflies then in B.M. mentions
a number of examples of " Tenthredo flava L.," all of which, except one
for which he gives as locality " Britain," were Continental specimens
received from Ruthe or Buchecher. And there is now in the " British
Collection " a single example of the species, which, unfortunately, bears
no label at all to indicate its origin, but which is presumably the actual
insect referred to by Stephens (1829 and 1835) and W. F. Kirby (1882).
Cameron also includes " Tenthredo flava " as a British species in his
Monograph, but says that he had seen no British specimens except
" those " i^sic I but ?) recorded by Stephens.

I have always felt great doubt whether this old record could be
trusted, and my doubts were increased by finding that the " Old
Eegisters " of B.M. mention a specimen of the insect as having been
placed in the Collection by Leach, who I'eceived it from Klug in
Germany, and that there is no other specimen in the collections (either
•* British " or " General ") to which this record can possibly refer ! But
apart from this, it seemed, and still seems to me, surprising that so

* Tke real T. flava of Linn^ seems to hare been a JBoplocampa.

134 [J»iie,

large and striking a species, the most conspicuously coloured and, except
perhaps T. viaculata, the largest o£ all our Tenthredella spp., if it was
really taken in Devonshire about a century ago, should have never since
been noticed in this country.

However, I can now certify that, independently of Stephens's record
•' from Plymouth," the species has really appeared, and that quite lately
and in some numbers, in one of our Midland counties, namely, in the neigh-
bourhood of Lichfield. Among a number of Sawflies sent to me thence
for naming by Mr. L. A. Carr I was surprised to find a pair of T.flavi-
cornis ; and I have since learnt from him that they were taken by
himself on an occasion which he perfectly remembers, on the estate of
the late Mr. W. W. Worthington near Lichfield. Meeting by chance
that gentleman's head-gardener, he was asked whether " big flies," which
were appearing in great numbers, were likely to do damage to the trees.
He at once set off to investigate the matter, and found a number of the
insects, of which he took as many as he could, and asked the gardener to
keep any others for him that might be met with. This was in the
summer of 1912, but he had pursued the enquiry no further, thinking
that the species was probably well known, and had merely kept the
specimens till he should have an opportunity of getting them deter-
mined. He has now given me two magnificent pairs of these insects,
which I had the pleasure of exhibiting at a recent meeting of the
Entomological Society of London.

The only British species with any resemblance in size and colour to
Jlavicornis F. is maculata Geoffr., the S S of which have abdomens
bi'oadly banded, as is that of Jlavicornis in both sexes, with a peculiar
testaceous-yellow or orange, while their apices and basal segments
{=propodea^ are black. In the 5 $ of maculata the actual colours
are much the same, but the yellowish ring is much narrov^er. The two
species, however, may at once be distinguished (1) by the colour of the
anteimae — black in maculata, bright orange in Jlaviventris ; (2) by
markings of the same colour on the mesonotum oi Jlaviventris, while in
maculata the mesonotum is simply black; (3) by the colour of the legs,
those of maculata being much darker, e. g. all the femora much blackened,
while those oi Jlaviventris, except that the hind femora are blackened, are
almost entirely yellow; (4) by the wings, which in Jlaviventris have
clouded apices, contrasting noticeably with their glassy orange-veined
basal and central areas, while in maculata the wings are equally trans-
parent throughout, and the yellow of the veins, costa, stigma, etc., is, I
think, in the $ $ especially, much more obscure, looking often almost
lu'own.

'"1^1 135

In North-eastern Asia (Siberia, China, Japan, etc.) several Tentlire--
delta spp. occur, which, much more than any European forms, re-
.semhh Jlavlvenfris in the coloration of their bodies and also of their
wuigs. But, in spite of its almost exotic appearance, the present
insect is no rarity in Central Europe. I have found it abundant
{e.g.) in Thuringia, and it occurs, according to Thomson, in Scandinavia.
Its special food-plant is said to be Aegojpodium 'podagraria — a common
and troublesome weed in many parts of England — so that a priori it
seems rather to be expected than otherwise that it should occur and even
be common in more British locahties than the only one where it is as
yet positively known to have occurred.

Brunswick, Woking.

May Uth, 1919.

The Dollman Collection. — In the obituary notice of Hereward C. Dollmau
issued ill the present No. of this Magazine, it is stated that his Rhodesian and
British collections of Insects had been presented by his father to the Natural
History Museum at S. Kensington. The Rhodesian Lepidoptera and Coleo-
ptera are particularly valuable, and it is the first time that such an extensive
series of beetles has been obtained from that part of Africa. Dr. Neave, it is
true, had previously made large collections of the more conspicuous Coleoptera
in the same region, but the smaller forms are not to be found amongst his
insects. All that can be said at present is, that the Longicornia, Carubidae,
Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae, Btiprestidae. Phytophaga, and Curculionidae are
particularly well represented in the Dollman Collection, and there must be
niiiuy new species amongst them, particularly in the Staphylinidae.* The
Ileterocera include numerous interesting forms — bred series of various
Saturniidae, with beautifully drawn illustrations of the larvae, etc., at least
one new Sphingid, and doubtless many of the 668 species recorded by
Sir George Hampson as having been taken by Dr. Neave during his two
j.ourueys in "Northern Rhodesia and the adjacent Territories" (V, Z. S. 1910,
i, pp. 388-510, pis. xxxvi-xli). The Lepidoptera, it may be observed, were all
taken or bred by Dollman during his second -stay in N.W. Rhodesia, when he was-
in a very bad state of health, as a result of the Tsetse-fly attacks, the Coleoptera
having been captured during the years 1913-1915, on his first sojourn in-
tlie coimtry. We are indebted to Mr. N. D. Riley, of the Entomological
Department of the British Museum, for the following particulars as to the-
Rhopalocera : —

The Dollman Collection of Butterflies includes about 800 species, repre-
sented by 3500 specimens, all in perfect condition, some 60 per cent, being bred
specimens, all from N.W. Rhodesia. It is chiefly valuable on account of their
excellent condition and of the amount of data concerning their life-histories.
A MS. volume accompanying the Collection gives full data of times of

* Several of these are described by Cameron iu the " Entomologiijfs Record" for May, I'jiy..

136 [June,

occurrence, food-plants, habitat, etc., and, used in conjunction with the extra-
ordinarily good coloured figures of larvas made by Dollman himself in
Rhodesia, contains a considerable amount of valuable information which it
is hoped will be published shortlj^, circumstances permitting. The number of
new species and forms amongst the Kliopalocera is not great, but a new sub-
species of the rare Papi/io mackinonni is of interest, the collection containing
a long series of bred specimens of this insect. The CJiaraxes are very fine, and
include the bred series of so-called C. etheocles manica and jyhoeus, proving them
to be two species (Proc. Eut. Soc. London, 1918, p. clxxvi). Of P. dardanus
there is a series all the $ 2 of which are of the form Jnppocoon Fabr. Amongst
the Piet-mae there is a fine bred serius of the rare (in collections) Belenois picta
Neave, and a long, also chiefly bi-ed, series of Colias electa L. The Satyridae
include an undescribed Myculesis, specimens of which had been previously taken
by Dr. Neave in the same district. In Ni/mphalinae the life-liistories of the
Charaxes have received a lot of attention, and the verv rare C. peculiaris, of
which the B.M. had only the type-specimen (in coll. Adams), is represented
by 2 S S and 1 $ . There are 3 J c5' and 1 5 also of C. (nneliae Doumet,
another rare species. Pseudacraea poijyei Dewitz is represented by a magnificent
series of bred specimens. There are eight species of Crenis, and of Crenido-
mimas concordia Ilopff., of which the life-history was previously unknown, a
fine bred series. The genus Precis is very well represented and contains some
interesting and rare forms. In the Acraeinae, that A. diogenes Suffert is the 5
oi A. guillemei is proved by a short series, of which one pair were taken in
copula. There are some interesting forms of A. welicitschii, a fine long series
of A. mima Neave, and a fine bred series of a large form of A. encedon L. The
entire absence of any species of Planejtia is worthy of mention. Of Lipteninae
only eight species are represented, but they include the very rare Alaena
aurantiaca, and a long series of P. nmltiplagiatd B.-Baker and M. rnarshalli
Trimen. There are some 75 species of Lycaeninue, including a number of new
or undetermined forms, and the same remark applies to the 70 odd species of
Hesperiidae. — Eds.

Oxytehts insecatus Or, in ants' nests. — This rather scarce insect appears to
be associated with ants. I took one at Gravesend in the runs of Lasius niger,
under a stone on April 25th, 1909. At liickmansworth on April 17th, 1915,
in a large heap of stones which is occupied by both L. niger and L.jflavus,
I found two in the runs oijiavus and one with niger. On May 3rd of this year
none were found under these stones, although both species of ant were
abundant, but I shook five specimens out of a handful of moss close beside the
nests. This moss contained a large number of L. niger. It is possible that,
on this occasion the beetles were waiting for the ants to get used to them
before venturing into the nest. I have only come across O. insecatus on two
other occasions : two specimens in a chalkpit at Chippenham, Cambs, and
again on Burwell Fen, where I caught one on a reed by the side of the lode.
I may add that none of my captures are in any way damaged. — G, W.
Nicholson, Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W. : May 6th, 1919.

Note on the occit7Tence of Lamprinus saginatiis Gr. ivith ants. — One found
under a stone in the nest of a Myrmica at Carno, Montgomeryshire, at an eleva-
tion of over 1500 feet, on October 13th, 1914. One on Chamberlaynestowu

1919.] 137

Bog, Co. Meath, on June 6tli, and two together on Balrath Bog, in the same
County, on June 10th, 1916, in both instances out of moss by the side of
a Myrmica nest. One on the Devil's Dyke, Cambs, on April 16th, 1917, out
of moss, together with many specimens of a Mp-?mca, I regret that I omitted
to identify the species of the ant in each case. — G. W. Nicholson.

Hemiptera in Jersey. — During the last half of April I had some interesting
collecting in the Channel Islands, and especially in Jersey. The weather was
for the most part all that could be desired, but occasionally we were reminded
by some extremely high and intensely cold winds that it was unsafe to
consider the winter as over. The island had experienced, as we have done
here, a prolonged winter, and excess of rain: nevertheless, Hemiptera were
plentiful, especially upon the sand-hills. All my collecting was done on the
coast, but the four sides of the island were visited. The following species fell
to my lot, and must all, I think, be regarded as over-wintered specimens and
not products of the year; it will be noticed that they are chiefly Pentatomidae ,
Coreidae, Lygaeidae, and Reduviidae. Podops inuncta (1) at St. Ouen's Bay,
Cydnus Jlaviconiis and Geotomns punctulattis in tufts of mosa in sandy places,
the latter quite common ; Sciocoris cursitans, common in sandy places ; Aelia
acuminata (1), Ceraleptus lividus (1), Aphamis lynceus (1), and Dolycoria
baccarum, several, at the roots of a narrow-leaved Plantago ; a few Spathocera
dalinanni in sandy places on Gorey Common, amongst stunted vegetation ; this
species is sluggish and lies low, so that, being so nearly of the colour of the
;>;r()und, it is not at all easy to see ; Vei'lusia quadruta, common on Marram
grass on the sand-hills, some specimens found in cop. ; Therapha hyoscyami (1)
on sand-hills at St. Ouen's Bay ; Stenocephalus agilis (1) on Euphorbia port-
limdica at ir'ortelet Bay; Corizus parumpunctatus on sand-hills in different
parts; these were all of the highly coloured and more typical form, with fore,
parts red, abdomen beneath greenish, and connexivum quite unspotted, very
different in appearance from those that inhabit the sand-hills of S. Wales,
which are dull-coloured with spotted connexivum ; 3Ietacanthus eleyans on
sand-hills at St. Ouen's Bay ; it is curious that this insect subsists through the
winter, when the Ononis with which it is always associated in summer
is dead; in the present instance only very small shoots of the plants were
beginning to show above the sand, and the bugs were not on or near these ;
Lyyaeosonia rtticidatuyn, common at the roots of vegetation and not easy to see;
Nysius thymi (1), Cymus claviculus (1), and Ischnorhynchus yeminatus (1) at
I'ortelet Bay; Pio7iosomus varius, common in all sandy places; Stygnocoria
fnliyineus, a few ; Ischnocoris anyustultis and Macrodema viicropteinitn, common
in heathy places, the latter including one macropterous specimen ; Heteroyaster
urticne, Beosus maritijiiiis, and Emhlethis verbasci* common at the roots of
Marram grass : Rhyparochromus dilatatus, Peritrechus nubilus, P. sylvestris,
and Notochihis contractus, in moss at Giffard's Bay ; Plinthisus brevipennis,
common in sandy places ; Rhyparochromus praete.vtatus (2) at St. Ouen's Bav ;
Aphanus quadratus, very common in all sandy places; Drymus sylvaticus, one
specimen only (!) ; Scolopostethus thomsoni (1), S. decoratus, common ; Pyrrho-
coris apterus, not seen nearly so commonly as usual, probably because of the

* This speeieg, it may be observed, was found in abundance by myself on Tresco and Sameon, in
the Scilly Isls., iu July 1S97.— G. C. C.

138 fJ'i'ie'

cold winds ; wheu the sun was hot and the wind abated, they began to issue
from the crevices in wliich they had been hiding ; Coranns subapterus and
Prostemma guttula, one macropterous specimen of each at St. Ouen's Bay, the
latter, a most beautiful insect, taking refuge under a dried patch of cow-dung (!) ;
Nabis lativentris, ferus, and rttgosus. Young larvae of an Odontosc.elis, pro-
bably O. fidiginosa, were not uncommon in moss ; the species of this genus
apparently pass the winter as young larvae, as I have previously found
O. dorsulis in the same way. It was, of course, too early for Capsidae, except
the very few that hibernate ; of these I got only two, Meyaloceraea erratica, §
(the ochreous form), and Charagochihis gyllenhalii. There were also large
numbers of very young red Capsid larvae amongst the Marram grass, but I
have not yet been able to identify them. I had but a few days in Guernsey,
and only one could be* devoted to collecting ; I selected for this L'Ancresse, a
eandy stretch in the north of the island; but a very cold N.W. wind was
blowing with something like the force of a hul-ricane, and entomologizing
was almost impossible ; hence I found only Verlusia quadrata, Stenocephalus
agilis, Ileterogaster urticae, Ischnocoris angustulus, Plinthisus brevipeniiis, and
Sti/gnocoris fuligineus. All the species are on the British list with the exception
of the Lygaeosoma. — E. A. Butler, 14 Drylands Eoad, Hornsey, N. 8.

Note on Hop)locampa testudinea King. — In June 1917 I collected a few
apples containing larvae of this species, and the larvae duly buried themselves
and formed their cocoons. Nothing came of these in 1918, but on May 5th
this year (1919) two imagines appeared. I find there are still two cocoons
intact, and from their apparently different specific gravities, I believe one of
these contains a living tenant, but the other is probably dead. Of the few
small eawflies I have reared most gnaw away portions of the cocoon to make
an opening for escape, but this species cuts oft" a lid as neatly as does a Trichio-
soma, a Cimbex, or a Lophyrus, from which it differs by having its cocoon
subterranean. I don'c know whether it is usual for H. testudinea to pass two
years in its cocoon, but it is noteworthy that my specimens avoided coming
out in 1918, in which year, it is hardly exaggerating to say, there were no
apples. One of the remaining cocoons has since produced an Ichneumonid,
which Mr. Morley tells me is Perilissiis luteolator Grav., J , not a common
species, whose various recorded hosts are all Tenthredinids. — T. A, Chapman,
Betula, Reigate : May 9th, 1919.

Trichiosoma tibicde and Acampsia pseudosjyretella. — Last spring I sleeved
out a number of both sexes of Trichiosoma tibiale on hawthorn, and later
collected the cocoons that resulted ; during the last fortnight a number of
males have emerged and not one female. Though not yet affording any proof,
this result supports the view that male flies are the only result of want of ferti-
lisation in this species, with the added conclusion that this sawfly will not
pair in such captivity as a fairly roomy sleeve supplies. To-day I examined
the jar with the cocoons, all had emerged except two — one contained a dead
male imago, the other a dead larva and also a living larva oi A. pseiidospretella,
I could not find any hole or flaw in the cocoon, by which it could have entered
even when newly hatched, but can only suppose it must, somehow, have
entered at that stage. 1 have been occasionally puzzled to understand how
this destructive pest reaches its feeding-habitat, but I think this instance
most strongly exemplifles the difficulties of excluding it.

liti^.i 139

A male and female Cimbe.v sylvarmn have emerged from two cocoons
i-emaining over from 1917 larvae, being thus two years in cocoon, not in pupa,
as one would say of most Lepidoptera, since they pass the winter in the
cocoons not as pupae but as larvae. A specimen of Crofsus latipes has also
emerged after being two years in cocoon. — T. A. Chapman : May 16th, 1919,

Taeniorhynchus richiardii Fie. : a correction. — In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for
April last (pp. 83-8S), Mr. F. W. Edwards has given an account on the
development of Taeniorhynchus {Monsonia) richiardii Eic. The development
of this Culicid is already recorded by Dr. C. Wesenberg-Lund in his valuable
paper, " Anatomical description of the larva of Monsonia Richiardii Ficalbi
fjund in Danish freshwaters," Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra " Dansk Natur-
historisk Forening " i K]>benhavn, Bd. 69, pp. 277-328, 1918.— Peder
Nielsen, Centralbiblioteket, SUkeborg, Denmark : A2ml 23/y/, 1919.

#bituitrg»

Heretcard Chime Dolhnan, E.E.S. — On January 3rd, 1919, Hereward
Chune Dollman died of sleeping' sickness at Hove House, Bedford Park,
London, W., in his 30th year.

Born on March 10th, 1888, he commenced to collect British Lepidoptera
at the age of five, and during the following ten years, in conjunction with his
father and brother, a very complete collection was got together. While at
St, Paul's School, whei'e he was educated, his interests turned towards British
Beetles, and at the age of sixteen he was elected a Fellow of the Entomological
Society of London. In the Museum of St. Paul's School are to be seen many
instances of his early work, all carried out in a style that has rarely been sur-
passed. On leaving school he proceeded as a Scholar and School Exhibitioner
to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he continued his work on Coleoptera,
and played tenuis and lacrosse for his College. In 1912 he discovered and
described a beetle new to Science — Loiigitarsus plantago-maritimvs. Shortly
afterwiirds, on January 3rd, 1913, he left England for Central Africa, as
Entomologist to the Sleeping Sickness Survey of the British South Africa
Company. He was first stationed at Mwenga and later at Kashitu, and in
these districts the greater part of his A frican Coleoptera were obtained. His
work in connection with the " Tsetse " fly resulted in the discovery of a parasite,
a species of Mutilla, new to Science, described by Turner as M. ylossijine,
and figured by Dollman in the " Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London " in 1915.

After nearly three years in Central Africa he returned to England on
leave, and married on February 23rd, 1916, Norah, eldest daughter of Dr. and
Mrs. HoUoway of Bedford Park ; she accompanied him back to Central Africa
and died at Kasempa on July 5th, 1916, shortly after a long trek across
N.W. Rhodesia. After his wife's death he moved north to Solwezi and gave
his attention to breeding Lepidoptera and making very careful drawings of
many of the larvae. Eighteen mouths before his return to England his con-
stantly recurring illnesses left him in no doubt that the " Tsetse-Fly " had done

140 [J""'"'

its worst. In the autumn of last year he travelled south to Cape Town,
breaking- his journey at various places to receive such treatment as could be
given him. On arrival in London, knowing that he had but very little time left,
he set to work to arrange his collection of African Lepidoptera — a task he was
not allowed to finish, being taken ill the Sunday after Christmas, and dying in
tlie early morning of January 3rd, 1919.

His collections, consisting of many thousands of specimens of British and
African Coleoptera and African Lepidoptera, and his drawings of the African
larvae, have been presented to the National Collection. — J. G. I).

Harold Stvale, M.D., was born in the year 1853 at La Verie, near Dinant,
Brittany. He was the second son of the late llev. H. J. Swale of Ingtield
Hall, Settle, whose keen love of nature he inherited. Entering the medical
profession, he settled down at Tavistock, and practised there for fourteen years.
It was here that the writer first knew him, and formed a friendship, which —
though maintained largely by correspondence — lasted till the day of his death.
He turned very early to entomology as his principal recreation, devoting
himself chiefly to the Hymenoptera.

It was not, however, among British insects that his main collecting work
was to be done, and in 1900 he went to New Zealand, where he spent three
years between Auckland and Rotorua, making extensive collections both of
Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. In 1903 he returned to England, but, after two
years, decided to take up tropical medicine, and thereafter took up appoint-
ments successively in the Sudan, Central India, Portuguese East Africa,
Southern Khodesia, New Zealand again, and, finally, Samoa. In each of these
localities (except India) he spent two to three years, and many were the
letters he sent home, full of shrewd comment, not only on the insects, but on
all the manifestations of tropical life he saw around him.

His station in the Sudan was at Nabardi, with an unpromising outlook on
sand and barren rocks ; yet, during the three years he passed here, he managed
by diligent search to get together quite good collections of insects, many of
them new to science. In this he was ably helped by Mrs. Swale, who, not
only here, but throughout his travels, generally accompanied him on his
entomological excursions. A few weeks before his death he was telling
the writer of the cuiious bursts of rain, which falls in Nabardi at rare intervals.
At such seasons grass and flowers appear for a few weeks, and then the
ground resumes for a long period its usual desert appearance. A curious fact
he noted was that the insect life began to appear not only before the grass and
flowers, but even before the rain had fallen — another case apparently of
" intelligent anticipation."

In India he passed but a short time, but at Sena on the Lower Zambesi,
and later at the Lonely Mine, Rhodesia, he added largely to his collections.
It was at Buluwayo he made the acquaintance of Mi\ Arnold, Curator of the
Museum, who fired him with an enthusiasm for ants ; this no doubt accounts
for the ant-collections made not only in S. Africa, but later on in Samoa.

In 1915 he came home with a view to taking up war work, and, as New
Zealand seemed to offer the best field, he returned there, only to accept shortly
afterwards a post in Samoa. The paucity of insect life here disappointed him,

1919.. 141

ftiid, althougli lie made a considerable collection of ants. Ins medical duties,
Avbicli ultimately became very onerous, occupied most of his time. la tlie end
the work proved too heavy, and he returned to England last year. His death
occurred quite suddenly on May 3rd, while he was engaged on his medical
duties.

Dr. Swale did not himself write on entomology, or describe any of the new
species he captured. Some descriptions of these have already appeared, and
others no doubt will follow. Still, it is as a collector in many out-of-the-way
hinds that he made his contribution to entomological knowledge. Many of liis
Coleoptera he gave during his lifetime either to the writer or to the British
Museum, and Mrs. Swale is generously presenting to the Museum all the
remainder of his collections.

Among those who knew him he will always be remembered as a most
genial and kindly friend, ever ready to give help where he could, and delighting
in nothing more than discussing his favourite pursuit with his friends, or
telling them of all he had seen during his long residence in tropical countries. —
H. E. Anduewes.

The South London Entomological and Natubal History Society :
April 10th, 1919. — Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in
the Chair.

Mr. Ashdowu exhibited a copy of Panzer's " Symbolae Entomologiae "
(quarto, 1802), with some fine plates of the Lamellicornia (Coleopt.).
Mr. Leeds, a curiously discoloured example of Colias edusa from Heme Bay.
The remaining exhibits were specimens and series of Acidalia marffhiepimctnfa
hy Messrs. R. Adkin, Buckstone, Tonge, Ashdown, Mera, Bowman, and B.
Adkin, in illustration of the paper on this species read by Mr. U. Adkin. In
the ensuing discussion the consensus of opinion was that the species was a
coast insect and found, as a rule, only very sparingly inland. Reports of the
season were made by several members. Most species were late in appearance,
although a few were quite up to their usual date. Celastrina argiolus had
been seen, Brephos parthenias and Goneptenjx rhamni had been abundant
locally. Vegetation was generally backward.

April 2Uh, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Newman exhibited a living female Xylcnniges conspicillaris from
Worcester, and a Cassida viridis (Ooleopt.) recently found on a thistle,
T\Ir. Bunnett, Papilio demoleus from S. Africa and Catagramma sp,
Mr. Edwards, Papilio cenea {merope) from S. Africa and several forms of the
female. Mr. Buckstone reported that at Horsley he had met with a number
of females of Tephrosia histortata with ovipositors extended in crevices of bark
in almost dying condition on a morning after an unusually cold night. Remarks
were made on the lateness of the season and the general scarcity of larvae this
spring so far. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Editor of Proceedings.

142 fJ™*^'

En rosroLOOiCAii Society of London : Wednesday, February 6th, 1919. —
In the absence of the President, the Secretary, at his request, announced that
he had appointed Dr. C. J. Galian, Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, and the Rev. F. D.
Morice as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing season. The Rev. F. D. Morice,
M.A., F.Z.S., then took the Chair.

Dr. Reginald Heber Prowde Hick, Eaglescliffe, co. Durham, and Messrs. J.
H. Jurriaanse, Schickade, 75, Rotterdam, and F. G. Whittle, 7 Marine Avenue,
Soutliend-on-Sea, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Tlie following paper was read : — " The synonymy and types of certain
genera of Ilymenoptera, especially of those discussed by the Rev. F. D. Morice
and Mr. J. Hartley Durrant in connection witli the long-forgotten ' Erlangen
List ' of Panzer and Jurine," by J. Chester Bradley, M.Sc, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor of Systematic Entomology in Cornell University, Ithaca, New York ;
communicated by Prof. Gordon Hewitt, F.E.S.

Wednesday, March 6th, 1919.— Comm. J. J. AValkeb, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.,
President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. H. Corbett, 3 Thorne Road, Doncaster, and Major W. J. Paton,
I. M.S., Stoke St. Gregory, nr. Taunton, were elected Fellows of the Society.

The President announced the death of Mr. F. DuCme Godman, D.C.L.,
F.R.S., formerly President of the Society, and read an appreciation written by
Lord Walsiugham. A vote of condolence with Dame Alice Godman was
unanimously passed, the Fellows present rising in their pl'aces.

Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited, on behalf of Mr. C. E. Stott, an aberration of
Brcnthis selene, taken near Deimy Bog, New Forest, on June 28th, 1918, it
liaving tlie black markings of the fore wings blurred and extended, and the
hind wings entirely black with the exception of the marginal spots and a few
scales in the central area. Dr. E. A. Cockayne, specimens of the bee Bonihus
lappo7iicus, and its mimic Oedimagona tarandi, a parasite of the Reindeer, from
Yakanski on the Murman coast of Russian Lapland, near the entrance to the
White Sea. Mr. J. H. Durrant, a specimen of Picris rapae ab. iiovanyliae, a
very scarce American form with yeHow coloration. Prof. Poulton read inte-
resting notes on Natal butterflies, copied from letters written to bim by Mr. C.
N, Barker of the Durban Museum. He also read further notes on Hesperidae
of the genus Surangesa resting in holes in the Nuba Mountains, Province of
the Sudan, written January 26th, 1919, at Talodi, by Lt.-Col. R. S. Wilson ;
and also a note on the eccentric movements of the hind wings in Cyaniris
argiolus L., received from Dr. R. C. L. Perkins. The Rev. F. D. Morice called
attention to a paper by Mr. J. J. Ward, F.E.S. , in the Christmas number of
tlie " Strand Magazine," which appeared to explain the object of the so-called
*' palisades" (erect columns of piled-up froth -bubbles) with which the young
larva of the Sawfiy Lygaeonematus compressicornis F, {=vaUatorv. Vollenh.)
surrounds itself while feeding on a leaf of poplar.

The following papers were read: — "Notes on the Ancestry of the Diptera,
Hemiptera, and other Insects related to the Hymenoptera," by G. Chester
Crampton, Ph.D., communicated by G. T. Betlume-Baker, F.L.S., F.E.S,
" Notes on Bonelli's ' Tableau synoptique,' " by H. E. Andrewes, F.E.S. " On a
Migration of Yellow Butterflies {Catopeilia statira) in Trinidad," by C. B.
Williams, M.A., F.E.S.

1919.] 143

Wednesday, March l^th, 1919.— The Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.Z.S.,
Vice-President, in the Chair.

Lieut. L. A. Box, 80 Northampton Road, Crovdon ; Prof. J. Chester
Bradley, M.Sc, Assistant Professor of Systematic Entomology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York ; Messrs. E. J. Burnett, M.A., 9 London
Road, Forest Hill, S.E. 23 ; Bernard Douglas Cumniiug, Royal Exchange
Assurance, Royal Exchange, E.G. ^ ; Capt Tiekner Edwardes, R.A.M.C., The
Red Cottage, Burpham, Arundel, Sussex ; Lt.-Col. William Henry Evans,
D.S.O., R.E., c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., 16 Charing Cross, W.C. 2 ; Mme. Fournier,
90 Boulvarde Malesherbes, Paris ; Messrs. H. C. Hayward, M.A., Repton,
Derby ; N. Marumo, Zoological Institute, Agricultural College, Imperial Uni-
versity, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan ; Louis Nell, Imperial Bureau of Entomology,
British Museum (Natural History), S.Kensington, S.W. 7; William George
Eraser Nelson, 6 Craven Hill, W. 2 ; John Peel, Whittlesey, Canibs ;
Capt. Leslie Rawdou Stausfield, R.G.A., c/o Array and Navy Club, Pall
Midi, S.W, 1 ; Major Watkin Temple, East Mersea, Essex ; and M. P.
Wytsman, Quatre Bras, Tervueren, Brussels, were elected Fellows of the
Society,

Mr. H. Rowland. Brown communicated an extract from a letter addressed
to him by Mons. Ch. Oberthiir in reference to the death of the late Dr. Godman.
Mr. .7, H. Durrant exhibited a 5 of Arenijyhes sabella Hmsn. which he had
bred (July 23rd, 1917) from a larva found feeding in dates (May 3rd), pur-
chased in London. Dr. H. Eltringham, specimens of the pupa and imago of
Cryptophaga ruhescens, and read notes. The Rev. F. D. Morice, 2 S 6 and a 5
of Tenthredella Jlavicornis F. {Te.nthredo Jlava, auct., nee L.) taken with many
other specimens of the same at Lichfield in 1917. The only other British
specimens are those recorded by J. F. Stephens, said to be from Plymouth.
—Geo. Wheelee, Hon. Secretary.

ODONATA FEOM MESOPOTAMIA.

BY KENKETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

(Plate V.)

The following account of Odonata from Mesopotamia (the lower
part of the Euphrates and Tigris to the Persian Gulf being included in
the term) is based primarily on a rather large collection of over
300 specimens sent home hy Captain W. Edgar Evans, R.A.M.C, and
handed to me for examination by his father, my friend Mr. William.
Evans. This collection has been supplemented by some material kindly
sent to me by Captain P. A. Buxton, R.A.M.C, and by a smaller lot of
specimens taken by Lieutenant P. J. Barraud, E..N., submitted by the
favour of Mr. Plerbert Campion.

The first mentioned collection was formed mainly round about
Amara on the Tigris, where Captain Evans was stationed from the end
of October 1917 to the beginning of November 1918. It was only in.

144 fJune,

the late autumn of 1918, rather too far on in the season for many
dragon-flies, that he moved from this point, first to lluz, at the foot of
the Jebel Hamrin range of hills, north-east of Baghdad, and later pro-
ceeded to Kisil Robat, on his way to Kermanshah in Persia, at which
place he was attacked by dysentery, which put an end to his work for
the time being. Thus most of his insects came from the lower Tigris,
and the specimens from Captain Buxton and Lieutenant Barraud are
entirely from the lower sections of the great rivers. There is, however,
enough to indicate the existence of a very interesting dragon-fly fauna
containing representatives of the Mediterranean region mixed with
Indian and Ethiopian elements. Bracliythemisfiiscopalliata appears to
be a species of restricted range, as far as I know recorded from no other
region than Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. The great abundance
of Selysioihemis nigra is worthy of special mention, and a somewhat
aberrant Ischnura appears to he new. It is also of much interest to
find that several species recorded by Bartenef from Bokhara occur
commonly on the Tigris (Revue Russe d'Entom., xiii, 1913, No. 1,
pp. 176-189).

The dragon- flies of Mesopotamia are included in de Selys' " Odonates
de I'Asie Mineure " (Annales Soc. Ent. Belgique, xxxi, pp. 1-49). In that
paper 83 species in all are recorded, but mostly from the Mediterranean
coasts and the more northern parts of Asia Minor, relatively few being
mentioned as from Mesopotamia and most of these European species
from Malatia, which is hardly to be considered as coming within the
boundaries of Meso^jotamia at all. Other isolated records may exist,
but not much of importance, and it would perhaps be premature to
attempt even a preliminary list until something has been done in the
way of exploring the northern parts of the country and the hills and
valleys to the east of the Tigris. It is almost certain that important
additions to the list will eventually be found there, and may include
interesting species that have been recorded from Asia Minor, the
Caucasus, Northern Persia, Turkestan, and away farther east to
Kashmir.

In the lower part of the region at least the elunate seems to be
almost tropical, and Captain Evans says that dragon-flies are found all
the year round. He mentions, for example, seeing quite a number of
Crocotliemis in a sunny field at Kisil Robat in December (one of his
specimens is dated the last day of the year), and in the other winter
months the same species occurred (although in much reduced numbers
comj)ared with the summer) in Avarm sheltered places on sunny days,
De Selys' original record of B. fusGopalliata is based on specimens from

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

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THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Notes on the Pythidae with descriptions of new species (concUided). — K. G.

Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S 121

A note on the Bz'itish species of Sphaoridium. — D. Sharp, M.A,, F.B.S 124

Qn the Aquatic Coleoptera, etc, of the Trent Valley in the neighbourhood of

Long Eaton.— H. JI. Wallis, M.A. 127

Epuraea distincta Grimmer, a beetle new to Britain. — J. W. Allen 128

New and little-known saltatorial Dascillidae : secb^d sxipplementary Note, —

O. C. Champion. F.Z.S , 129

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The Dollman Collection. — Eds 135

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Note on the occurrence of Lamprinus saginatus Gr. with ants. — Id 135

Hemiptera in Jersey.— JS?. A. Butler, B.A., B.Sc, F.E,S 137

Note on Hoplocampa testudinea Klug. — T. A, Chapman, M.D., F.B.S 133

Trichiosoma tibiale and Acampsia pseudospretella. — Id 138

Taeniorhynchus richiardii Fie. ; <6 correction. — Peder NieUen 139

Obituary. —Hereward C. Dollman, F.E.S. 131>

Harold Swale, M.D 140

Societies. — South London Entomological Society . . 141

Entomological Society of London 142

Odonata from Mesopotamia. — K. J. Morton, F.E.S 143

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Square, W. — October 1st and 15th, November 5th and 19th, December 3rd, 1919,
and January 21st, 1920 (Annual Meeting).

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Chinrjford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avcmic O^fe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2ad Monday in each month.

1919.] 145 '?•

the lower Euphrates in January and Februarj^ and IscJinura evansi is
already out in February and March, Anax and Heinittriol'xk'heia^ also
in evidence early in the latter month. . ^ " ' '

The dragon-fly fauna of lower Mesopotamia is probably not exten-
sive, the drying up of the marshes in the great summer heat having no
doubt the effect of restricting it to such species as can accommodate
themselves to this condition or can use the large rivers and u-rigation
canals as alternative breeding waters. It is to the more elevated parts
of the country that one must look for fresh additions to the lists.

In the notes that follow I have quoted freely observations made by
Captain Evans on many of the species taken by him as recorded in his
letters home. These seem worthy of preservation, and may serve to
make the list more useful than if it were confined to a bare enumeration
of the species taken. Having regard to the extent of his collections in
other orders (to say nothing of plants) it might be thought that dragon-
flies received but a small share of attention. But the care and accviracy
with which these and other things have been handled, and the magnitude
of the collections as a whole, tend rather to convince me that no species
of dragon-fly that was seen has escaped incorporation ! It is of signifi-
cance that so keen and experienced an entomologist as Captain Buxton,
working in the same district, does not appear to have met with any
additional species. Lieutenant Barraud found Trithemis annulata at
Basra, a species which is absent from the other collections.

1. — Synipycna paedisca annulata Selys.

2 c? c? , 2 2 $ , November 6-18th, 1917 ; 6 d c? , 6 $ $ , April
28th, May 5-6th and 12th ( Amara) ; 1 J , 1 ? , November 30th, 1918,
Jebel Hamrin, N.E. of Baghdad (£vans) ; also 1 d , Amara, May 14th,
1918 {Buxton). Those of April 28th are the most immature. The
examples show little variation in the bronze markings ; some of them
have a tooth-like marking projecting from the outer edge of the bronze
median line on the thorax.

Evans wrote 20.iv.l8 : "These were not abundant and were
usually observed singly resting on grass in similar situations to those
described for Crocothemis servilia. None have been observed this year;
all the specimens seen occurred last autumn." 5.V.18: " This dragon-
fly was first seen this season on April 26th resting among long grass
in a palm garden on the left (north) bank of the Tigris above Amara.
To-day I got three specimens among grass by the side of the Masharra
Canal. The specimens are found singly, and are not yet numerous.

o

146

fJnly,

The species rests with the wings folded togetlier backwards parallel to
the body. Both sexes about equally frequent."

Evans's observation of the position of the wings is interesting. In
this respect it differs from Lesfes and agrees with the closely allied
European S. fiisca. The latter is remarkable on account of its habit of
hibernating, pairing taking place in the early spring.

S. paedisca annnlata was originally described from Malatia and
Antioch. The example from Quetta referred to by me as S. fusca.
Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 19()7, p. -SOS, is no doubt of the same form.
Further information regarding the different Asiatic forms will be found
in Bartenef's pa]3er, " Contributions to the Knowledge of the Species of
the Genus S//mpf/cn a, etc.''' (Aimuaire du Mus. Zool. de 1' Academic Tmpl.
des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, t. xvii, 1912).

6

2. — Tselirmra fininsi, n. sp.
Head al)ove black ; frons anteriorly with a broad yellowish hand, with

a yellow line or elongate spot on each side reaching to about the base of the
antennae, and the eyes margined with the same colour to ahont the same leA'el ;

1. 2.

Fig-. 1. — Jachuw-a eranal. r'aec view of appciicTages, frr.n a preparation of the
last abdominal segment, cleared and mounted in balsam.
2. — Profile view, but at an ang-le sufiicient to show the perpendicular
branch of siiperior appendage.

post-clypeus bronzed black, ante-clypeus and labruni yellowish, the latter with
the proximal margin narrowly black, this blai k line rather sharply produced
in the middle ; post-ocular spots moderate, round. Prothorax black, anterior
margin bluish, the sides yellowish with pale haiis; po.^^terior margin also
marked with yellowish and produced in the middle into a short, broad lobe
with very slightly rounded almost truncate margin. Thorax blaidc. ante-
hum>^val line's ofron absent, when present very fine, greenisli or bluish, and

1919.] 147

sometimes interrupted ; sides pale bluish or greenish with two short black lines
on the sutures near the base of the wings. Legs bluish white, with black spines,
femora and tibiae black externally, tarsi and claws al^o with dark annulations.
Abdomen bronzed black above, yellowish or bluish at the sides and beneath,
eighth segment entirely blue, sternites with a black line up to about the eighth
segment. First segment with a quadrate mark occupying nearly the whole
dorsal surface, with a tine blue Hue posteriorly; segment two with metallic
slieen dorsally ; 1-3 blue at sides and beneath; 4-6 dorsally narrowly yellow
at the base except at the dorsal carina ; 3-6 narrowly black on the sides at
their distal end ; 7-9 blue at sides and beneath. Hind margin of tenth seg-
ment elevated, when seen from above nearly semicircularly excised. The
appendages viewed directly fromTthe side little visible, the superior showing
as a somewhat triangular process and the inferior as a pale tubercle ; viewed
directly from behind the superior are black, ovate, inwards with a large per-
pendicular truncate branch ; inferior with a large black acute tooth or process
turned inwards towards the centre. Wings hyaline, neuration black ; ptero-
stignia rhomboidal, bordered with' rather thick black veins, centre black (less
densely so in hind wings), leaving a narrow, pale margin all round ; it covers
rather less than one cell in both wings.

2 . Head and thorax much as in the (^, but the prothorax has two small
pale lateral dots ; ante-humeral stripes on thorax broad and distinct; black on
legs reduced, sometimes partly broken up into dots; dorsal spot on first
segment of abdomen cleft by a pale line for a considerable part of its length
(may be divided entirely). Pterostigma, as a rule, less dark in the centre than
in the male. Examples occur having the thorax and first abdominal segment
as in tlie male.

Easily separated from Isclinura hulcharensis, occupying the same
area, by the pterostigma of the fore wing of the c? , which in /. buk-
harensis has the outer portion pale as in the more typical species of the
genus. In I. hukliarensis the prothoracic lobe is lower and the neura-
tion of the wings at the apex shows a closer network in both sexes.
No red females have apparently been found, a circumstance which might
suggest association with Enallagma, but, on the whole, it seems prefer-
able to regard the species as a somewhat aberrant Ischnura. In the
material examined the 8th abdominal segment is constantl}^ blue in both

sexes.

Length of hind wing . . S 16-17 ; $ 15-20 mm.

abdomen . . 23-25; 20-26 mm.

1 5 on bushes by side of Tigris, Amara, November 5th, 1917 ;
a long series of both sexes from the Azizah Marshes, near Carraba Jedeid,
between Masharra and Chahala Canals, about twenty miles from Amara,
March 2nd, 1918 ; and further 6 6' and 2 $ , chiefly from gardens by
the Masharra and from near the Tigri-s, March 17th, 19th, 22nd,
April 2nd, 21st, 28th, and May 2nd, 1918 {Evans) ■ also cJ c? and $ $
at Amara. March and April; 5 2' Qurnah, May 17th; Hamar Lake,

o2

148 fJ"'^'

R. Euphrates, 1 ? , May 18th, 1918 {Buxtori) ; 4 c? ^ , 1 ? , Basi-ah,
open marshes, February 11th, 1919 {£arrat/d).

Evans states, 20.iv.l8: "This dragon-fly was scarce last autumn,
only an occasional specimen being seen, and then singly. I saw it at
Basra as well as here. On March 2nd, 1918, I went on an expedition
to the marshes near Carraba Jedeid, and saw very large numbers of the
insect apparently newly hatched. They were mostly resting on the leaves
and dead flowering stems of Tt/pha angustifolia, Avhich was there abundant.
As many as six or more were seen on a single stem, and five were
captured in a single lunge from the Balkan (native boat). Since then
the species (?) has been abundant everywhere, especially along the
margins of irrigation ditches and pools caused hy the rise of the river.
The colour variations have completely mystified me and I am quite
prepared to learn that two insects are included under my collecting
number." [Only examples of /. evansi are included in the collecting of
March 2nd, but no doubt the later observations above refer to both
this species and /. hitkharensis. Subsequent examination of " undoubted
pairs " appears to have confirmed his belief in the presence of two species
and enabled him to separate his specimens practically without error.].

5.V.18 : "This species is still abundant." After May it was not
definitel}^ noted. A favourite habitat of both species was "on the
lucerne and along the irrigation ditches watering it."

3. — Ischniirn hiil-harensis Bartenef.

1 c? , 5 2 2 , March 17th ; 1 c^ , 11 $ ? , April 2nd-28th ; 2 6 6,
3 $ 2 , May 4th, 5th, and 6th ; 1 2 , August 5th, 1918 (at light),
all from the neighbourhood of Amara {Evans) ; 6 6 and 2 2 » March
and April, 1 6 , June 13th, Amara ; 1 2 » Hamar Lake, May 18th, 1918
{Buxton) ; 3 d' c?, 3 2 $» Basra, November, 1918 (Barmnd).

Taken in garden by the Masharra ; at irrigation ditches in the palm
gardens, and by the Tigris above and below Amara. The disparitj^ in
tlie numbers of the two sexes taken by Evans is probably accidental,
or it may be due to his having been attracted by the heterochromatic
orange females of which the s-eries largely consists ; there appear to be
no black or homoeochromatic females (?. e., similar colouring to the
males), and only a few olive-coloured heterochromatic ones.

I believe this species to be identical with IscJinura fountainei
Morton, described from Algeria, and scarcely to be separated therefrom
even as a good race. At first I was disposed to consider the centrally
•lirected processes of the superior appendages as shorter in the present

1919.] 149

material, but on further examination the difference in tliis res]>ect appears
to be unimportant.

[It may be mentioned here that Ischnura musa Bartenef is
closely allied to I.forcipata Morton (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 306)
if it is not the same species.]

Evans reports, 27.V.18 : "Only examples of this form have been
seen lately " (/'. e., no I. evansi) ; " most of the females are much redder
than before."

S.ix.lS : Has almost gone now ; only an occasional straggler of
small size being found ; any females seen are of the rufous-sided sort."

4. — Lindenia tetrnphylla Lind.

At Amara this fine insect was first seen on May 6th (two only,
one 5 taken) along with Anormogomphus about barley-fields inter-
spersed with succulent Suaedas, on a salty clay baked hard ; not near
the river. Specimens all dated May, from 6th to 22nd ; $ $ 6th and
11th teneral with imperfectly developed hind wings. A S dated 11th is
fairly mature, and the majority of those taken afterwards up to 22nd,
matm*e {Evans). Taken also by Buxton at Qurnah, R. Tigris, May 17th
( 2 $ ) ; and at Hamar Lake, R. Euphrates, May 18th ( J d , $ ? ),
all fully mature specimens.

No exact indication of the duration of this species bej^ond Captain
Evans's remark, 5.ix. 1918 : " I have seen none for some time."

5. — Anormogomphus kiri'tshenkoi Bartenef.

First taken at Amai-a along with L. tefraphylla. May 6th, 1918 ;
the majority of the specimens taken up to the 14th of that month not
quite mature. On September 5th Evans reports : " Still frequent, but
not so abundant as it was about a month or so ago. It has been very
common throughout the summer chiefly in dry places about gardens,
but occurring almost everywhere." Also taken by Buxton at Amara,
6 May 28th, $ June 10th ; and at Qurnah, May 17th {6 6).

There appears to be no doubt that this Gomphine from Mesopotamia
is the same as the above-named species, described by Bartenef from
Bokhara (Revue Russe d'Entom. xiii, 1913, No. 1, p. 179, figs. 1-4).
It is closely allied to A. hete7'opterus Selys, from India. The nem-ation,
however, seems closer when compared with Williamson's figvire of the
wings of A. heteropterus (Proc. U.S. National Museum, vol. xxxiii,
p. 299), and the character in the Key (p. 275) "one row of cells

150 fJ"iy-

between Ml and Ml a in fore wing to wing margin," does not hold
good for A. liiritshenlcoi.

6. — Aeschna mixta Latr.

1 2 , taken at artificial hollows by Ruz Canal, uorth-east of
Baghdad, 7.xii.l8 (Uiians).

An old specimen with colours in good preservation, not differing
from European examples. Others were seen but not taken.

7. — Anax parthenope Seljs.

2 ? 2 , palm garden near Masharra, March 20th -,266, Pindi
Point, March 30th ; Id', 1 5 , by the Tigris five miles down stream
from Amara, April 16th ; 1 $ , scrubby ground near fields by Tigris
near Abusidra fifteen miles below Amara, April 11th; IS, 2 2$,
grassy ditches by side of Tigris five miles below Amara, Ma}^ 6th ;
1 2 > lai'ge marsh by Tigris below Amara, May 22nd ; garden by
Mashara, September 10th, 1918 {Evans). Taken also about Amai-a
by Buxton in March ; 1 2 > Basra, August 12th {Buxton^.

The spring specimens are apparently all fresh, and although of
varying degrees of maturity all seem to have reached full colour, the
least mature being those taken by Buxton in March (without more
exact date), and a S taken by Evans March 30th and a 2 April 11th.
A female, May 22nd, begins to show darkening of the wings, while
Buxton's Basrah example has the wings, except the apex, clouded with
brown, a mark of age.

5.ix.l918, Evans wrote : " None of this has been seen for a con-
siderable time." lO.ix.l 918 : " The autumn hatch is evidently beginning
as I got to-day a fine fresh Anax and found a lot of Sympefrum fons-
colonibli^

8. — Hemianax epliippifjer Burm.

1 2 5 palm garden near Masharra, March 20th ; 2 c? d" , palm garden
by Tigris above Amara, March 22nd ; 2 2 2 5 palm garden on MashaiTa,
March 25th ; 1 2 > scrvibby ground near fields by Tigris near Abusidra
fifteen miles below Amara, April 11th ; 5 J J , 4 2 ? among 8cirpus,
large marsh twelve miles below Amara, May 26th-29th and June 5th,
1918 {Evans) ; 1 2 , Amara, July 2nd, 1918 {Btixton).

Examples taken up to and including April 11th are all matm-e ;
those in May and June tenei-al, the thorax and under parts up to middle
of 3rd abdominal segment bluish white ; abdomen otherwise 'pale reddish

m9. lol

brown, the dorsum of 2nd segment (which in the matm'e J is a beautiful
blue) slightly darker ; the hind wings in the middle suffused with yellow.

This species and Anax parthenope first appeared at Amara early in
March. Although Evans noticed differences in his specimens, his earlier
observations are applicable to both species. 20.iv.l918 he wrote : "A few
single specimens were observed about the palm plantations last autumn,
but none could be taken as they are strong rapid tiiers and I had no net.
This spring one or two isolated examples were seen about the beginning
of March ; then suddenly about the middle of the month they appeared
in large numbers *' and ma}'' now be seen almost anywhere even in the
streets of the town. They are numerous in the gardens and fields, and
even in scrubby and comparatively open desert land. They are fond of
resting among dead camel thorn {Acacia'), which covers large areas
beyond cultivation, or even on the bare ground in open places."
5. V. 1918: "Few specimens — in fact very few — are now to be seen."
5.ix.l918 : "There are none of these dragon-flies now at the big marsh
which has completely dried up. Nor have I seen any anywhere else for
a considerable time." 6.xi.l9l8 : " By the way there was a large hatch
out of the Hemianax last week (October 27th and November 2nd).
Possibly they breed in the river itself as they were seen close to it."

The mature spring examples may have been the same as the previous
autumnal appearing ones, but having regard to its propensities for
migration, the occurrence of mature Hemianax anywhere within the
breeding range of the species is no proof of local origin.

{To he continued.)

STUDIES IN RHTNCHOPHORA*
BY D. SHAKP, M.B., F.H.S.

4. AN ABERRANT NEW GENUS AND TRIBE FROM
NEW GUINEA.

A^faiANiDES, trib. nov.

OcuH convexi; thorax antice profunde constrictus. Abdomen seynientis
subaequalibiis suturis profundis. Prope Hylobiides coUocanda,

The New Guinea insects, for which I propose this tribe, run down
to Hylobiides near Ghrysolopus and Aclees, to which, however, they
have very little resemblance. The rnale is amongst the most remarkable
of the Curculionidae, being with the rostrum more tlmn two inches long,

» Contimipcl from Vol. LIV, pp. 1-7, Jan. 191S.

152 fJ"'y.

the rostnim itself being nearly one incli long, stout, slightly curved, and
hirsute beneath. It has, too, very long legs. The supposed female is a
much less remarkable creature.

Angianus, gen. nov.

S'Tohis linearis, rectus, elomjatns, hand profimdus. Antennae sat elonf/nfae,
scapo subrecto, funiculu 1 -articulator clava gracili, acuminata, triarticulata,
suturis discretis. Unguiculi elom/ati, liheri.

Angianus pratti, sp. n.

(j' . Niger, thorace inuequali, rugoso, elytris acute costatis, inter castas
regulariter transversim rugosis. Fedihus elongatis, fenioribiis tuberculo minuto,
anteriorum coxihus spina elongata. Long, corporis cum capite 40 mm., rostri
19 tnm.

Rostrum moderately thick, regularly hut not greatly curved, dull, densely
rngose, flattened at the sides, underneath densely tuberculate and liirsute ;
scrobes straight, rather deep in front, but shallow behind, and becoming
indefinite just before reaching the eye. Front of gular pedancle deflexed and
prominent. Antennae inserted very near the apex of the rostrum, strongly
elbowed, scape about 11 mm. long, not reaching the eye, funiele (including the
7th joint) 7 mm.: the 7th joint is elongate and really forms part of the club,
but its pubescence, which is whitish, distinguishes it therefrom, the true club
is quite narrow, and is acuminate ; the 2nd joint of the funiele is long, much
longer than the 1st or the 3rd. Eyes separated from thorax by a distinct
space, making their convexity conspicuous, very widely separated beneath,
moderately distant above. Prothorax 10 mm, long, 10 broad, strongly con-
stricted in front, with large shallow depressed spaces along the middle, at the
sides verj' coarsely rugose; no ocular lobes and only a slight emargination of
the middle beneath. Scutellum rather large, its tip peculiarly raised. Elytra
about 25 mm. long, and 13 broad at the prominent shoulders ; each with four
costae, besides the suture, which is also i-aised in a costiform manner ; the
sculpture between these costae is of a very peculiar nature, and may be
described as consisting of two series of punctures, each puncture being greatly
expanded, so that the intervals are reduced to transverse ridges, the points of
which reach those of the second series ; a few very small pallid scales can be
detected on careful examination.

Front coxae each bearing a long, slightly curved spine, and each femur a
small pointed tubercle. Hind femur 12^ mm. long, the tibia slightly shorter.
All tibiae with a sharp mucro.

There are a few scattered pallid scales on the under surface ; the meso-
sternum slopes gently in front. The tarsi are rather long, spongy beneath,
3rd joint bilobed, claw-joint long.

The abdomen is 14 mm. long, 1st segment nearly 5 along the middle,
2nd 3, 3rd 2, 4th 1|, 5th 2|. Dorsal plates black, but not hard.

The wings are ample.
JIab. New Guinea, Angi Lakes (Antwerp E. Frait).

'p'«l 153

A single example of this remarkable insect was found by my old
friend, the distinguished traveller A. E. Pratt, near the Angi lakes, at
an elevation of 6000 or 7000 feet in Northern New Guinea.

The male genital characters, so far as I have examined them, show
no peculiarities that may account for the extraordinary secondary cha-
racters, and in fact support the conclusion that there may be a real
affinity with Hylobiides. The last ventral is divided, the two halves
large and strongly chitinised. The spiculum moderate, the rod strongly
curved, without dilatation at the free extremity, the fork moderate, a
little asymmetrical. Tegmen a complete ring, no strut, but a very short
prolongation ; superior appendages remarkably large, but only imper-
fectly chitinised. Median lobe in the form of a trough, strongly
chitinised, with membranous dorsum, and with a large membranous,
diverticular fold basally; tip obtusely pointed, deflexed in a gentle
curve ; struts about as long as the body, slender, curved, joining the
underside of the body, which projects between them as a large angular
piece. The sac not examined, apparently quite internal. Median orifice
showing no special structures.

In addition to Mr. Pratt's example, I have another from a neigh-
bouring region — the Arfak Mountains — which may possibly be the
female of A. pratti, though it may be an allied genus. It is much
smaller, and the rostnim is ordinary, being about 9 mm. long, Avith
few hairs beneath, and the antennae not so near to the tip ; the pro-
sternum is broadly, but not deeply, emarginate in front ; there are no
spines on the front coxae, and the femoral tubercles are minute. On the
elytra there are little irregular patches of a few distant pallid scales.

Although it is rare in Curculionidae for the S to be much larger
than the female, yet there are numerous cases in Calandridae and
Cholidae where this occurs to a remarkable extent. As no such
phenomenon is yet known amongst the forms related to Hylobius, we
must wait for further information before attempting to decide the
question as to the relation of this Arfak specimen to the male of
A. pratti. The character of the gular peduncle is unique amongst
Curculionidae; as it is not found in the Arfak specimen, which in
many other respects is so closely allied, this increases the difficulty of
deciding on the relations of the two forms.

Brockenhurst.

June 9th, 1919.

154 [J«ir»

ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF THE STAPHYLINID-GENUS

PLANEUSTOMUS Duv. FEOM INDIA,

WITH NOTES ON CEETAIN ALLIED FOEMS.

BY GEOKGE C. CHAMPION', F.Z.S.

About three years ago my second son, Capt. F. W. Champion, while
he was hving at Sarda, near the banks of the Ganges, about 100 miles
above Calcutta, sent me a large number of small Coleoptera from that
locality, most of which he had taken either " at light " or on the wing in
the evening. Amongst these beetles there were at least three (possibly
five) specie? of Planeustomus, all closely related to rare Palaearctic
forms, the genus having hithea'to contained but one eastern representative,
P. indicus Fauv., from Burma. The genera of this section of Oxytelini
have always interested me, as it has been my good fortune to capture
Acrognathus, in abundance, Deleaster, and two species of Planeiistomus,
in Surrey, all on the wing towards sunset ; and Oncopliorus piTazzolii
Epp., in numbers, in Southern Tunisia*, "at light."

The following cori'ections in the synonymy of two known members
of this group require noticef : the generic name Oncophorus Eppelsheim
(1885) is preoccupied in Insecta (1874), and the name Oncogenys is here
substituted ; Compsochilus africanus Fairm. (1860) — a large shining black
form with red elytra not unlike the common Copropliilus striatulus F.
in general facies, — specimens of which, from Algeria, have been sent me
by M. Thery, has 5-jointed tarsi, and it should therefore be transferred
to Ac?'og)iafJius, the tarsi having three visible joints only in Flaneustonms.
The latter name is stated by Jacquelin -Duval to have priority over
Compsochilus Kraatz.

Descriptions of the three new species from Bengal are given below.

1. — Planeustomus longiceps, n. sp.

Very elongate, narrow, linear ; shining, rufo-testaceous or testaceous, the
legs and elytra somewhat flavescent, the apices of the latter and of the abdomen
sometimes slightly infuscate, the eyes black; clothed with fine, scattered,
bristly, pallid hairs. Head rather long and convex, wider than the prothorax,
impressed with moderately coarse, scattered punctures, which are mostly placed
on the basal half and around the eyes, showing a tendency to form two short
anteriorly converging series in the middle behind ; eyes small, depressed, about
equalling the post-ocular space in length, as seen from above ; antennae wdth
joints 3-6 small, 4-6 transverse, 7-11 much stouter and wider, 7, 9, and 10
moderately, and 8 strongly, transverse, 8 shorter than 7, 11 oval. Pruthorax

» Cf. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1, p. 77 (1914).
t They are not given in Bernhauer's and Schubert's Catalogue (1911).

!».« 1 155

longer tliiiu broad, trapezoidal, widest in front and obliquely narrowed thence
to the base ; with two sinuous, anteriorly diverging, somewhat widely separated,
uniseriate-punctate shallow grooves on the disc — the two connected by a trans-
verse punctured groove near the anterior margin,— and numerous irregularly
distributed punctures along the sides. Elytra longer than tlie prothorax, about
as wide as the head; shallowly, irregularly punctate-striate, the striae not
reaching the apex, where the puncturing becomes more confused, the second
stria from the suture sometimes obsolete and represented by a row of scattered
punctures. Abdomen extremely finely shagreened and with a few minute
punctures.

Length 3s-4| mm.

Hah. India, Sarda in Bengal {F. W. C).

Fifteen examples, varying a little in the development and puncturing
of the head, as well as in size, one si^ecimen being much longer than the
rest. Smaller and much narrower than P. miles, Seriba, examples of
which, captured by M. Thery at Tarfaia, Algeria, are before me ; the
head and prothorax rufo-testaceous or testaceous, the head longer, the
eyes much smaller ; the antennal joints 7-10 more transverse, and very
short. P. indicus Fauv., from Burma (Rev. d'Ent. xxiii, p. 91, 1904),
is said to have the head more rounded than in P. miles, and it cannot
therefore be conspecific with P. longiceps.

2. — Planeustomus henijalensis, n. sp.

Elongate, robust ; shining, testaceous, the antennae (except at the base), the
apices of the elytra, and the sides of the abdomen slightly infuscate, the eyes
black ; sparsely flavo-pubescent. Head transverse, rather broad, very coarsely,
irregularly punctate, the post-ocular space short, not half the length of the eyes
as seen from above, the latter moderately large and rather convex ; antennae
with joints 4-6 small, transverse, 7-11 much stouter and Avider, 7, 9, and 10
moderately, and 8 strongly, transverse, 8 smaller and shorter than 7 or 9, 11
oval. Prothorax trapezoidal, narrower than the head, as long as broad, the
sides obliquely converging from apex to base ; with two sinuous, anteriorly-
diverging, closely uniseriate-punctate, somewhat widely separated sulci on the-
disc — the sulci connected by a punctured transverse groove near the anterior
margin — and numerous coarse, irregularly distributed punctures along the sides.
Elytra larger and much wider than the prothorax ; closely, irregularly punctate-
striate, -the striae becoming obsoltte and the puncturing confused towards the
apex. Abdomen extremely tinel} shagreened and with a few scattered minute
piligerous punctures.

Length 3| mm.

Hah. India, Sarda in Bengal (P. W. €.).

One specimen, with the abdomen somewhat " run up." Smaller than
P. Tieydeni Epp., a specimen of which from Anatolia is before me ; the
head equally coarsely punctured ; the antennae much shorter, the joints

156 tJ"iy.

4-6 small and transverse, and those following more transverse ; the eyes
smaller ; the pro thorax obliquely naiTowed from apex to base ; the
elytra less elongate. Another example from the same locality, possibly
a 2 of the same species, is narrower and much less robust, and has the
head less coarsely punctured, and the puncturing of the prothorax more
confused (possibly abnormally so), the grooves on the disc being shallow
and interrupted. P. indicus Fauv., according to the description, has the
sixth antennal joint more strongly transverse than the fifth, and the head
more rounded, and the prothorax very little shorter than in P. miles, a
definition not applying to P. bengalensis.

3. — Planenstomus stib car hiatus, n. sp.

Elonoate, very narrow, linear; niodtTatnlj sliiniTig, teslaceous, tlie eyes
and the sides of the abdomen at the apex black, sparsely pubescent. Head
(excluding the labruiu and mandibles) transverse, alut 'ceou*, rather coar>;ely
punctate; eyes convex, small, nearly i-eaching the basal constriction of the
head; antennae with j(Mnts 4-6 transverse, small, 7-11 much stouter and
wider than those preceding, 7 and 8 strongly, and 9 and 10 moderately, trans-
verse, 8 slightly shorter than 7, 9 and 10 broader than 7 and 8, 11 short oval,
Prothorax a little longer than broad, narrower than the head, trapezoidal,
obliquely narrowing from apex to ba'^e ; ahitaceous, with two narrowly sepa-
rated, shallow, uniseriate-piuictate grooves on the disc — the space between the
grooves appearing smoother and cariniform posteriorly, — and numerous fine
punctures along the sides. Elytra longer than broad ; closely, finely punctate-
striate to apex. Abdomen extremely finely shagreened and with minute
piligerous punctures.

Length 1\ mm.

Kah. India, Sarda in Bengal [P. TV. C).

One example ; a second, somewhat discoloured and " run up,"
specimen from Sunderbans, appears to belong to the same species. A
small, narrow form, nearly related to the European P. palpalis Er.,
differing from it in the more convex eyes, the more thickened outer
joints of the antennae, and the shining head and prothorax.

Horsell.

Maij 12t7i, 1919.

Melayiophila acmninata de G. at a fire in June. — On June 15th, during
four hours' diligent searching, I saw about two dozen specimens of MelanopJnla
acianinata de G., near Wellington College, at a big forest fire which had been
burning for more than a week. They flew about in the smoke and settled on
the burnt wood and hot ashes in the manner so well described by the late
Mr. W. E. Sharp (Ent. Mo. Mag. liv, p. 244, 1918). The time of year no
doubt accounts for their scarcity. Of the eight I managed to ca])ture, the

1919.] 157

argest forcibly drew my attention to himself by giving my neck a rather
painful bite. This habit is, I believe, common to several members of the
genus. The attraction of fire and smoke for MdanojMla, though strange at
first sight, is natural and comparable to that of their respective food-plants for
other species. Our insect is the only Buprestid of its size that has been able
to estdblit^h itself in this country. It must therefore possess some advantage
not shared by others of the group. This advantage is to be found in the fact
that it spends its existence in wood which has recently been subjected to an
amount of heat sufficient to kill all competitors. What more natural than that
the smell of the larval food whilst cooking should have an irresistible attraction
for tlie adults? It is their place of meeting and of courting, as well as the
nursery of future generations. Mr. Sharp's suggestion (which he himself does not
seem to have credited) that the females may lay their eggs in wood which is
on the point of being consumed by fire, I cannot believe. The few I saw gave
me the impression that they knew full well what they were about, and I noted
two or three dull-coloured specimens (and therefore presumably females) care-
fully inspecting the charred stumps well behind the active part of the fire.
The exhilaration and delirium of the one great moment of their lives may well
give rise to such aberrations of habit as that of attacking a human being. —
G. W. Nicholson, Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W. : June \Q,th, 1919.

Some Coleoptera taken in Hertfordshire in 1918. — During 1918 I had
occasional opportunities of collecting in Hertfordshire, mainly in the neijih-
bourhood of Harpenden, and it was thought that a short note on some of the
beetles taken might be of interest. In the following list, except where other-
wise stated, the insects were taken within a few miles of Harpenden. Among
the Geodephaga, the only interesting species found was Cychrus rostratus L.
under dead leaves, etc., at the root of a tree-stump in a small wood ; its
power of stridulating was very marked. Agahus sturmii Schonh. and Rhantus
pulverosus Steph. were taken among many other common Dytiscidae. The
Staph ylinidae, unfortunately, had to be almost ignored, owing to lack of time,
but a single specimen of Leistotrophus nebulosus F. and a small colony of
Proynatha quadricornis Lac. under bark were met with. Several interesting
Clavicorns were found — Necrophorus rusjmtor Er. and N. vespillo L., Affa-
thidium variant Beck., Anisotoina nigrita Schmidt, Pria dnlcamarae Scop.,
Cryptarcha iniperialis F. (evening sweeping under trees), Scydniaenus collaria
Miill. and Cytilus varius F. in moss at Brickett \Vood, Chiloconi.s sintilis Rossi,
also at Brickett Wood, on various species of Sali.vm September (numbers of the
very peculiar spiny larval skin, witliin which the pupa remains, were also found
on the leaves), Rhizophayus bipustulatus F., R. ferrugineus P&yk., Lae77iophloetis
ferruyineKs Steph., Siluunus unidentatus F. (all four species under bark on the
same log), and Ips quadripunctata Herbst at Biickett under chips of wood.
The Serricorns included Athous longicollis 01. (several J 6 ^nd one 5)>
Priohiuni castaneum F., and Dryophilm pusillus Gyll. ; whilst among the
Longicorns Grammoptera ruficornis F. and Stranyulia armata Herbst were
common, the latter only for a very short season. One specimen of Toxotus
ineridianus Paiiz. was seen, and my sister found & Leiopus nebulosus L. indoors,
probably brought in with some flowers from the garden. At Brickett Wood,
Ijochmaen capreue L. was common on Salix, and Zenyophora siibspinosa F. tm'ned

158 [July.

up on the young aspens ; Crepidodera helxines L. and C. aurata Marsh, were
also very abundant there, and one specimen of C. nitidula L. was taken.
Cdssida viridis F. was extraordinarily abundant, locally, wherever there were
tliistles, and Pi/rochroa serraticornis Scop, was seen frequently. Byctiscus
ptipnli L. was not uncommon on aspens at Erickett Wood ; I also found one
Oymnetron antirrhini Payk. ; wliilst among many common species of Ceuthor-
rliynchina, C. melanostictus Marsh, was taken on Mentha, also Poophagus
sisi/mbrii F. and one P. nasturtii Germ., the identification of the latter having
been kindly confirmed for me b}' Mr. O. E. Jauson. The PoojyJiagi were taken
in September in a backwater of the saiall river Ver, a spot which would almost
certainly repay further search for aquatic weevils. Among the Svolytinae,
Seolytus destructor 01, and Hylesinus fraxini Panz. were abundant, the only
other species met with being Dryocoetes villosus F, — C. T. Gimingham, Long
Asliton, nr. Bristol : June I5th, 1919.

Platyrrhinus latirostris F. at Long Ashton, Somerset. — This interesting
beetle has recently turned up in a rather derelict wood, not three miles from
Bristol. A single specimen was met with on June 1st, on the bark of a dead
tree, where, in spite of the size of tlie insect, its mottled appearance, har-
monising almost perfectly with tlie background, made it very dKRcult to see.
Further search on June 3rd led to the discovery of two more examples, a male
and female, in the black fungus (Daldinia concentrlo.a~) on a decaying ash-tree —
its usual habitat. The black fungus also yielded Diphyllus lunatus F. in plenty,
and several species of Mycetophagus. Thanasimus formicarius L. was found
in some numbers running on the trunks of trees or in crevices of the bark.
Most of the localities given by Fowler (Coleopt. Brit. Isls. vol. v, p. 112) for
Platyrrhiwus are in the western counties : it is also recorded in the Victoria
County History of Somerset as having been taken at Batheaston, and Porlock
is given as another locality in the Supplement to Fowler's work. —
C. T. Gimingham : June \Oth, 1919.

[On the two occasions on which I have come across Platyrrhinus in
numbers on the Continent — at Vizzavona (Corsica) and Moncayo (Spain) —
it was in fungus on dead beeches. Its habit of shamming death makes it
difficult to detect amongst debris, the uniformly greyish pubescence of the
under surface giving the insect a very dift'erent appearance when seen from
beneath. This beetle is also recorded as having been found in fungus on alder
and birch, so that it seems rather strange that in Britain it apparently prefers
iish.— G. C. C]

Note on a ditrh form of Liopns nebulosus Linn. — My friend Mr. II. Campion
has just shown me a large blackish form of this common Ijongicorn that lie
liad found on his coat while resting under some beech trees in Kew Gardens on
June 14th. Some years ago Mr. B. G. Rye gave me a similar example, one of
several captured by him in the New Forest. In these insects the grey mottling
of the elytra is reduced to a very narrow line along the suture and lateral
margin and a patch on the outer purt of the disc at about the middle, and the
basal joint of the antennae is almost wholly bl ^ck. Pic has named two pale
varieties of the same species, but I cannot find any record of Mr. Rye's insect. —
G. C. Champion, Horsell : June ISf-A, 1919.

1919.] 159

New localities for ITt/drovafus cli/pealis Sharp. — I took several examples of
this rare beetle last June (1918) in the Little Sea at Studland. Eecently,
Mr. H. R. Dakefield showed me a specimen taken on April 27th, 1918, in one
of the ditches by the side of the road through Oxwich Marsh, Glamorgan.
As au amplification of the record, "New Forest (Sharp)," in Fowler's Brit.
Col. vol. vi. 211, I might mention that Mr. Gorham and I, a good many years
ago, took this Dytiscid in abundance in a pond adjoining the railway close to
Lyndhurst Road Station.— J. R. le 1j. Tomlin, Reading: May 1919.

Colpodes splendens Morawitz, n Japanese Carabid in Berkshire. — Mr. Cosmo
Melvill has recently handed me a specimen of Coljwdes splendens Morawitz
which was taken by his sister, Miss Evelyn Melvill, crawling on the ground
at Hurst, Berks, in 1877. TJie genus to which this handsome Carabid belongs
comes between Olisthopvs and Patrohis of our lists, and the species is a native
of Japan. It is impossible to conjecture how it found its way into Berkshire.
— J. R.leB. Tomlin.

On/pus cyaneiis Vayk. in Suffolk.— Ihis, is one of the comparatively few
British beetles that appears to be really rare : not merely overlooked, locally
common, or only rarely taken because their modns vivendi is unknown. In the
course of just thirty years' collecting in Suffolk, I have never seen the species
till May 29th, 1919 ; then, as I was brushing through a gap in the hedge, I
saw O, cyaneus — even at the distance of some ten feet the blue coloration was
unmistakable in the sunshine — run swiftly across a plain of clear sand, thrown
out in front of a rabbit-hole. Before I could reach the spot, it had gained the
shelter of the surroundiug herbage ; but I got my net hard down beyond its
position and a littb searching brought it to the tube in safety. This was at
2 30 p.m. (scientific time) just outside a belt of Scots pines at Butley, near
Urfurd, a couple of miles from the Suffolk coast and in the hamlet of Capel
Green. To the best of my knowledge four sptcimens have now been found in the
county : Stephens's uulocalized record, on tlie high roiui at Risby ; in Shakers
Lane, to the east of Bury St. Edmunds (Ent. Rec. viii, p. 312) in 1896; and
next the Butley specimen, which is now dry and raeasuies 18 mm. in length.
Some six specimens have lieen found in Norfolk : in gravel pits on Mousehold
Heath, at Lakenham in 1883, Urayton (Norf. Nat. Soc. Tran,s. 1893), Cromer
and Yarmouth {I.e. 1899). Fowler considered it " very rare"' in Britain; and
thPh^e two counties seem to be its headquarters. Elsewhere I find records only
from Yyrkshiie by Stephens ; Sherwood and '^ several " at Newark in Notts by
Oarr ; Colchester ; Coombe Wood by Stephens. All the British Ocypi are
known to occur in East Anglia ; O. pedator is at present confined to Norfolk,
(;. similis and O. fuscatus to Suffolk ; the last has not there been found since
Stephens's time, but that it still occurs is proved by its capture at Wicken,
two miles over the western border in Cambs, as recorded in my 1915
"Coleoptera of Suff"jlk : First Supplement," p. 12.— Claude Morley,
Monks' Sohain House, Suffolk : June 12th, 1919.

[O. cyaneus has been taken on several occasions in recent years at Tubney,
Berks, by my friend, Mr. J. Collins (c/. Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. lii, p. 205), and I
found a very fine cT, only just dead, in this locality on August 3rd,, 1918.
—J. J. W.J '

160 tJ"'r.

Hiibitb of Pancalia leuwenhoekeJln. — In a former note in this Magazine
(vol. li, p. 241) I indicated the desirability of ascertaining whether this
species rested with the hind legs lifted from the surface, as is the manner of
the Heliodinidaf. I have hitherto forgotten it each year at the right season,
but this year I remembered and got my youngest son to collect some living
exiuuples, which I kept for two dsfys and watched under various circum-
stances. The hind legs were never erected; in walking they are slightly
bowed outward.^, and, as it were, displayed, and when movement ceases they
still retain this attitude, resting on the surface in the normal way ; but when
the insect is in repose (or asleep), the hind legs are removed from the surface
and lie along the side of the abdomen. I verified this in several individuals,
and consider that it confirms the location in tlie Heliodinidae ; the same
attitude is taken by Vunicela, for example. The antennae in repose are
directed obliquely upwards and backwards.— Edward Meykick, Thornhanger,
^Marlborough : Jane 6t/i, 1919.

Note on a pecidvirity in the burrows of Hcdictus macuhdus S7/1. — Halictus
maculatiis Sni., though first described from this country, has been very in-
frequently met with. I have only once come across it myself, and should
certainly have been unaware of its presence had I not stopped to examine
some burrows, which appeared to me in some way different from any others I
had seen. These burrows were scattered over three or four square yards of a
very large pasture-held, and not placed close together so as to form a com-
pact colony. The surface of the field was almost level about the place where
the colony was situated, and though there were some very attractive banks
near by, these were not occupied by the species in question, nor could any trace
of it be found in any part of the field save the one spot, where the burrows
were first noticed. The opening of the burrows was very small, smaller in
fact tlum that of the burrow of the common H. tvnmloriun, which was nesting
in the same place, and was alwa3's exposed, none being covered over with the
little heaps of earth that one usually observes over the openings of burrows
wiien these are made in a practically flat surface. In many cases the earth
removed from the burrows was very noticeable, but it la}' around the opening
and not above it. When I started to dig out the first burrow with a knife, I
was surprised to see that directly below the opening the diameter became very
much larger, and I felt sure that the bee itself would be something I was
unacqnainted with. Unfortunately, in this first attempt, the occupant was
killed and dropped down the burrow, from which it could not be recovered.
On examining the other burrows more carefully I saw that in each case the
bi=e itself was stationed at the mouth, the head exactly filling the opening. If
t!ie bee withdrew for a short way down the burrow, a slight disturbance with
a urass-stem at the opening would at once bring it back. In the case of
those with which I interfered they did not ever retire to the depths of the
biuTow, as most bees do under such circumstances, and consequently they were
easily unearthed. After obtaining about half a dozen specimens, I decided not
to disturb this small colony any further, since on these hibernated females
depends the fresh produce of both sexes in the later summer. It seems a
remarkable fiict that on a warm summer morning in June, with other bees and

1919.] l^X

wa9])S very active, these Ilulicti seemed all to be keeping to their burrows. It
was not till after an hour spent in watching that I at last saw one come back
laden with pollen, and it was interesting to notice that, owing to the small size
of the opening of the burrow, a ring of yellow pollen was deposited around
thit*, being scraped off as the bee entered. As every one who has exaroinpd it
unist have noticed, this Halictus is unique in appearance amongst our British
s])ecies: the narrow cylindrical form of its $ calls to mind that of some bees
which nest in straws, reeds, or stems rather than in the earth. The strongly
incras?ated head which blocks the small mouth of the burrow may well serve
to keep out parasitic enemies, such as Sphecodes, which, according to some
Ciintinental observers, fi-equently kills the Halicfus on which it is parasitic.
The condition of the specimens obtained from the burrows was such that they
could have flown very little, for the brown thoracic hairs were quite unfaded
and the wings in perfect condition. From this I should assume that the
species — or at least the members of this colouy — is exceptionally late in moving
after lubernatiou, as compared with other members of the genus, and the males
would hardly appear before August. As mentioned above, II. inacnlafus has
always been considered a very rare species in this country, though common '.m
the Continent, but the recorded specimens show that it is widely distributed,
and there is little doubt that it will be found numerously in various localities.
Smith and Saunders refer only to two captures of the female by the former in
their books, both having overlooked Smith's own record for 1857, which states
that the J was taken by Partitt near Exeter and the 5 by Unwin in San-
down Bay in July. Smith's own captures were made at VVeybridge, Surrey,
and he states in his second Edition that the S has never been taken in
this country! This sex has also been recorded comparatively recently.—
K. C. L. Perkins, Paignton: June 5th, 1919.

Xiphydria p7-olongata Geoffr. { = dro7nedarius Fahr.), bred from an artificial
leg. — The following note has been received at the Entomological Department
of the Natural History Museum from Mr. E. Muirhead Little, Consulting
Surgeon to Queen Mary's Convalescent Auxiliary Hospitals, Roehampion :
" I enclose two dead flies, which I should like identified, if you will be so kind
as to do so. Their history, as far as it is known to me, is curious, and as
follows : An artificial leg with a bucket or socket of willow was supplied
to an ex-soldier at Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton. A few days after-
wards he felt something pricking the skin of his stump. On examination, he
found these flies' heads protruding from holes on the inner surface of the
bucket. Apparently the larvse were hidden in the wood. The socket was
covered with raw hide glued on and dried by a stove and then varnished.
The inside was varnished with shellac. I do not think the provenance of
the piece of willow in question can be ascertained." The "flies" sent are
Xiphydria p)rolongata Geoffr. { = dromedarius Eabr.), a genus allied to
t^irex. — R. E. Turner, British Museum (Natural History), S. Kensington,
June bth, 1919.

Obituary. — We regret to announce the death of W. E. Sharp, on
May 27th, and hope to give a detailed notice iu our next Number. — Eds.

162 '^'' "'-'''

Saalas (U.). — " Die Fichtenkiifer Fiunlands. Stiidien iiber die Entwick-
lungsstadien, Lebensweise und geog'iaphische Verbreitung- der an Picea excelsa,
Link., lebenden Ooleopteren nebst einer Larvenbestimmungstabelle." (The
Spruce Beetles of Finland. Studies on the Developmental Stages, Life-Flistory
and Distribution of tbe Coleoptera living on Ficea excelsa, Link., with a Key-
to the Larvae.) "Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae," Helsingfors,
Ser. A. viii, No. 1, 1917, 547 pp., 9 plates, 1 map.

The Coleopterous fauna of Finland has been relatively well worked from

a systematic point of view, but biological data are almost entirely lacking. In

this volume, which is the outcome of investigations carried on from 1912 to

1915, the term " spruce beetle " is used in a wide sense, even such species being

included as live on other trees and only occasionally occur on IHcea excelsa,

Link. On the other liand, those beetles are excluded that are not truly

arboreal, but shelter beneatli the spruce bark more or less by chance. For

instance, Pi/rochroa pectinicornls , a typical birch insect, has been included

because the larvae that were examined had apparently spent the entire larval

stage under the spruce bark, whereas certain Chrysomelid, Cui-culionid and

other beetles that are found under the spruce bark, especially in Autumn and

Spring, have been excluded because their true habitat is elsewhere. The

exceptions to this last rule are justified in the second part of this volume, in

which, under an arrangement according to families, the species are dealt with

singly, many details of the life-history, distribution and habitat being recorded

in each case. The first part covering 27G pages deals generally with these

beetles, their economic importance, distribution, food, occurrence on various

parts of the spruce, and contains many tables. A number of beetles frequently

found under loose spruce bark, but living in moss etc., are included, but species

that live under the fallen needles on the ground are not. Beetles living in

fungi growing on spruce are included, but not species that occur in some spruce

stumps simply because the latter happen to be badly rotted. In a number of

cases the existing literature did not afford adequate means for identiHcation

and in many of them the adult had to be bred out. The key at tlie end of this

work is intended to enable the larvae of all the species known to the author to

be identified. Of species that he is unacquainted with only a few are included

owing to the difficulty in finding sure points of comparison. The number

of species fully dealt with amount to 341, of which 289 were actually

observed to occur, in more or less abundance, on spruce. This last fioure

amounts to 9*9 per cent, of the 2,927 species of Coleoptera recorded from

Finland up to 1900 according to the " Catalogus Coleopterorum Faunae

Fennicae " of J. Sahiberg, the author's father.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Socikty:
Maij8ih, 1919.— Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S.,F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, F.E.S., of Alberta, was elected a member.

Annual Exhibition op "Other Orders." — Mr. Frisby exhibited
(1) Vesna doryl hides, an Eastern species nocturnal in flight, and {2} Foly-
rhachis striata, an ant armed with spines, from India. Mr. Ashduwn, a large

UU9.] jg3

liumher oi Biptera set to sliow tlie wing- markings and pointe I out that tlie
pattern frequently showed no connection with the lines of the venation, lie
also showed Cassida luMlia from Oxshott. IJr. Chapman, living bred speci-
mens of (1) the Solomon's Seal Sawfly {Pltymatocera aterrima), and (2j the
Apple-loving Sawfly {llojyluccwipa tcstudinea) : the former gnaws its cocoon to
escape, the latter cuts off a lid. Mr. Dods, a "false scorpion" Chelifer
cnncToides, found among books in a warehouse. Mr. Smith, various species
of Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Hymenuptera, and Diptera taken by him
in the New Forest during 1914-18 in June. Mr. S. Edwards, numerous large
species of Exotic Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Bees, and Pseudo-scorpions. Mr. L.
A. Box, several species oi Ilipnenojitera, including a specimen of Ilhyssa per-
suasoria, the largest British Ichneumon, from Surrey. Mr. H. Moore, several
species of Exotic Centipedes from Burmah, and Pulydesmus cingulata taken
in Sicily by the late Mr. Piatt Barrett. Mr. B. Adkin, oak bianches showing
the ravages of the beetle Scolijtus intricatus. Mr. Leeds, Aexchna cyanea taken
at Letchworth on April 27th, 19li). Mr. West, four drawers of Ilemiptera, and
also the Jlyinenoptera, Osviia xantlmmelana from Dareiith, Andrtna fiilva from
Box Hill, Eucfra lunyiconiis fronj Bytleet, and several Chrysididae. Mr. Turner,
some Exotic Phasmids and Mantids. Mr. Bunnett, a Queen Bee, with workers
for comparison, Mr. Tonge, the predaceous Dipteron Ai<ilu3 crabronifornns
from Cornwall, and the bee Aiithopliora acerouraiii from Deal. — Hy. J,
Turn kii, Hon. Editor of Proceedings.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A LIFE-HISTORY OF TARUCUS
MEDITERRANEAE Bethune-Bakee.

BY T. A. CHAPMAK^, M.D., F.E.S., A>'D CAPT. P. A. BUXTOiN', T.E.S., M.B.O.U.

(Plates VI-XI.)

Captain Buxton has sent me (T. A. C.) from Amara, Mesopotamia,
some notes on the Life-History of Taritciis mediferraneae B. -Baker
with A^arious material from which to add such f\irther particulars as I
can obtain from them. The chief of these are cast larval skins and
larvae pi'eserved in glycerine. From the latter I have obtained slides of
the larval skins, but as I have practice in mounting such skins only from
ti-esh larvae, they are not so successful as I could v/ish, largely due
])robably to my ineptness, but also perhaps to such material being
difficult to deal wnth.

T. mediterraneae is one of the new species recognised by Mr.
Bethune-Baker in his revision of the genus in " Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1917, p. 2S1." The habitats he records are Egypt (Alexandria), Algeria,
and Palestine. I have verified Capt. Buxton's insects as mediterraneue
by examination of the male appendages, which agree precisely with Mr
Bethune-Bakei-'s figure of the genitalia of that species. Mesopotamia is

164 ^^"ir.

therefore an extension of tlie recorded range of tlie species. It is curious
that Mesopotamia and mediterraneae should have a similar meaning,
though quite reversed in literal expression.

My own (T. A. C.) notes on the q§^, larva, and pupa are as
follows : —

Egg.

I received two egg-shells laid in a fork of a twig of Zizyplius.

The material available for the description of the &^% consists of
these egg-shells, the greater part of the upper surface of both is wanting,
having been eaten by the larva when hatching.

The eggs are of the usual Lycaenid cheese-shape, flat above and
below, the sides nearly perpendicular to the base, in this case, ver^' little
fullness or bulging, and perhaps inclining inwardly above so as to make
the top of the ^o^'g rather narrow^er than the base. It is a small egg
0'44 mm. in diameter and 0'19 mm. high.

The sculpturing of the Avhite adventitious coat is hexagonal (or
triangular) in character, bold, and prominent. Of course, the specimens
only afford examples of it on the sides. A hexagon may be selected,
with high knobs at each angle, and another in the centre ; they are
connected with each other and with the centre one by narrow ridges of
the white material lianging in (catenary y) curves, each hexagon is thus
divided into 6 triangles. Each ridge between two knobs is about
0"04G mm. long, viz. the distance apart of the knobs on the side of tlie
egg. Any knob may be selected as the centre of a hexagon, and hei-e
and there, according to the exigencies of the curved surfaces, the hexagon
is reduced to a pentagon. The knobs are well raised, and appear to have
at top a central depression. The sculpturing extends a good way on the
under surface of the egg, leaving only a central portion where it seems
wanting. The adventitious coat does not extend to this under surface, or
so slightly that the pattern here is sculptm-ing into cells.

The photograph of one of these egg-shells (by Mr. Tonge), fig. 1,
Plate YI, shows very well the boldness of its sculpturing j it is x ;58
diameter.

Larta.

I have on a slide photographed in fig. 2, Plate VI, x 42, a larva,
-newly hatched, of a Tarucns theojjhrastus, taken by Mr. Powell at
Sebdou, Oran, Algeria. In tlie light of Mr. Bethune-Baker's investi-
gations, it v.'ould seem that this is as probably mediterraneae as
theoplirastus, so that a few remarks about it are admissible, the mOre
that there may possibly l)e little difference betw'ecn the two s})ecies in

1919.1 165

this instar. Unfortuiiatelj- the specimen was mounted witliout the skin
being spread, so that there is sometimes doubt whether some hair or
lenticle belong to one side or the other.

On the slide the larva is 1"2 mm. long, and does not ap})ear to l)e
decidedly shrunk or stretched. The head is 0'2 mm. across, has four
ocelli in a curve, and one not quite central to the curve. The mandibles
are, roughly, square, 0"03 mm. across ; they look not unlike the front
paws of a mole, the basal half smooth, the distal half divided into four
fingers and a thumb, the latter short and small, the four, strong, sharp,
'•urved teeth. The antennae have a narrow basal joint and a tolei-ably
square (on the slide) second one about 0"007 mm. across, which carries a
hair, about 0'028 long, and two very short ones, which appear however to
be carried by a very small third joint. The other mouth appendages are
not so easily made out, the maxillae are hidden behind the mandibles and
appear to end in three nearly level processes. The labial palpi have each
a minute joint (on a larger basal one ?) which carries a small hair. On
the body is the usual series of long dorsal hairs ; these are for the most
part about O'lo mm. long, but the prothoracic pair are longer, about

03 mm. and those in the last segment ai'e also long, one pair 0'4 mm. in
length. These hairs all have a fine sweeping curve backwards (except
the forwai'd one on mesothorax, wdiich curves forwards). These (and all
other hairs) are very abundantly and finely spiculated, the long dorsal
hairs are, however, smooth in their lower (or posterior) aspects.

On the prothorax are dorsally behind the plate a pair of long hairs,
directed i-ather forwai'ds than backwards, each accompanied by a short
hair, there is also a long hair above the spiracle, and four not so long
between the spiracle and the plate, there is a lenticle above these. On
the mesothorax the dorsal hairs are represented on each side by a pair- -
a front one curved forwards, and just behind it one curved backwards.
On this and. following segments there is a lenticle below the dorsal hairs.
On the following segments is one long dorsal hair on each side, usually
(I do not see it in some cases) with a small hair behind and external to it.
The mesothorax and all segments to the eighth abdominal have the usual
three hairs below the spiracle, there is also a fine hair on the base of the
prolegs, this does not appear to be spiculated. There is also a short hair
in front of the lenticle. On the 5th abdominal segment there appear to
be two lenticles, the additional one below the other and also on the 6th.
On the 7th and 8th segments, the lenticles are very large ; they are
w^anting on the 9th and 10th. On these are a dozen or more hairs,

4 to 6 mm. long, whose disposition the mounting of the specimen renders
more difficult to describe than it always is. Fig. 3, on Plate YI, is a

166 tJ"i5'-

photograph of the smallest larva received from Capt. Buxton, and almost
certainly in the 2nd instar. The specimen is not spread in any way.
The hair-bases are very evident, but the hairs, in the photograph, are
verv misleading, a few that contain some air are very conspicuous, whilst
the others are hardl}^ visible, and will probably appear to be quite absent
in a half-tone plate. The honey-gland is present, but> the indication of
the fans is doubtful.

The marginal hairs are very long and very numerous. In the 3rd
instar (Plate VI, fig. 4) the dorsal hairs are highly developed, there are
two pairs on each segment, varying in length from O'lS to O'S mm.
These hairs are of considerable diameter, the longest rather cylindrical,
the shorter somewhat spindle-shaped, as shown in Plate YII, fig. 5. They
are abundantly spiculated throughout their length. The prothoracic
plate carries a pair, a little longer and more slender than shown in fig. 5,
Plate VII, and more closely spiculated. The mesothorax seems to have
three pairs. The metathorax has two pairs, the forward pair long
(0-3 mm.), the posterior slender and darker. The abdominal segments
have two pairs each, but on the fourth a third pair is present and on the
5th and 6th, on the 7th the honey-gland and no hairs, the 8th and 9th
have several such hairs not definitely in pairs. In addition to these,
there are amongst and beside them some very curious hairs, about
0'05 mm. long, centrally palmate, with several long spines ; these hairs
vary a good deal in size and number of spines, some look as though they
were empty gloves with the fingers spread, only the fingers vary in
number, are very pointed, and rather irregularly disposed round the palm :
the prothoracic plate possesses one of these, but they are more numerous
on the abdominal segments. From this dorsal row to the lateral row are
no hairs of any size. Hair-bases, mostly without hairs, but here and
there with minute ones, are thickly placed ; they have a dentate margin,
an odd palmate hair or two, however, occurs. Near the dorsimi and again
near the spiiucle are several lenticles, differing little from the hair-bases,
except in being rather larger and having the central membranous lumen.

The lateral hairs are numerous and long, some about 0'4 mm., much
more slender than the dorsal ones, and well spiculated, immediately above
them is usually a palmate hair or two.

In the specimen which I take to be in the 4th instar (Plate A^II,
fill-. 6) the dorsal hairs are of similar character to those in the third, but
are larger and more numerous. The lenticles are larger, about 5 towards
the dorsum, 5 or 6 near or above the spiracle. In both the 3rd and 4th
instars the caltrop-like hair-bases are ranged across tlie segments in two

sets, an anterior and posterior, with a slight interval between them, in
both also the bases of the special angular hairs of the prothoracic plate
are evident, but the hairs themselves are invisible, possibly lost, probably
too slender and transparent to be seen.

Fig. 7, Plate VII, represents a specimen that I take to be in the last
instar. The hair-bases are very well seen, but the dorsal hairs are matted
down and very transparent, so that, except that they are very much like
th'-se of the previous instars, but longer and more numerous, no details
can be confidently described. The lenticles are not quite so numerous,
l)ut some very large — the lateral hairs are very long, 0"6-0'7 mm. in
length. The honey-gland here, as in 3rd and 4th instars, has several large
lenticles round each end, but across the dorsal space dorsal hairs are
absent, nor are there any lenticles, the dorsal tract being without
them.

The position of the fans is a circle, formed by about 14 or 15 hair-
bases and about 0'i4 mm. in diameter and the next hair-l)ases below are
arranged as parts of a second and third circle ; of course the diameter of
this area only applies to this example, as in life it may be tightly
closed or fully open, that in the specimen is probably that of the size
when the fans are extended.

The prolegs have 10 to 12 hooks in three sizes in each of the front
and back groups.

Fig. 8, Plate VTII, is the prothorax of this specimen showing the
plate, the bases of the special angular hairs are conspicuous. Fio-. 9,
Plate IX, shows the last segments, and fig. 10 the honey-gland reo-ion,
-f 120, the lenticle and spiculate hair-bases are well seen. The prothoracic
hairs are very numerous, long, hardlj^ cmwed, and very finely spiculated.

A large lenticle is about 0-025 mm. in diameter, it consists of a dark
outer circular margin, fringed with very short radiating points, 12 to 15
in number, but irregular as to size and distribution, within this circle is
a broad zone of pale chitinous aspect, and in the centre a circular area
I to I the whole lenticle in diameter, that is pale and minutely and
faintly dotted. Some of the lenticles are approximately flat, others have
the outer dark circle more or less expanded, conically raising the central
portion. The hair-bases are rather smaller than the lenticles, angular
and flat, like the lenticles they have a darker border, but this is slight
except where it projects in a stellate manner in a variable number of
points, seldom more than five. The hairs they carry are verv minute
rarely as long as the width of the basal plate. Sometimes the hair is a

[JlllT,

168

,„-,„ute l«to„. .™..ti.ne. it . Ufia. mo. ofte,, it canie. tcarf. it. top

several fine spicules.

.n,e o.,«t ,anetv due to hot,, t„e bases and haivs ha™,g ». I^ot.-

fonnfditi^in .an-oJ limits) i. to some extent illustrated .„ Plate IX,

li^ 10, and Plate VII, and fig. 5.

eurve. In tne id ^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^ (thumb)

a,estill5,sho,.te,.andWe, ta^ It^ ot,;,,, bnt snnK into t„e

""";:s:Zt^«« di : f b' .veen it and tl,e ne.t tootb is like a notel.
,„arpn ^o »!«**« j ,„,„,„ ;, , .-eetangnlar [neee about

at the end of «» > -«- ^ ^^,^ ,^„„„„.,, ;„ f,„„t, „;«, thvee sn.all

spine, ni-obably for artn-nlation. _

The maxiUa ean-ies a two-iointed palpus and a smgle large 3on,t

,vith two minute tenninal joints and a l,a,r.

These details of the head are illnstr.ated on Plate IX, figs. U and 1-.

Pupa.

It IS b mm. ion,, - 3 ^^^ abdominal. It has a

:S:M is't at™ Ithora. Prom front . end of .ing-eases ,s 6^3 mm
Is on a silken pad and is supported by the cremaster and by a g tl
:^::Lthe„ni;speemre„m...>i.^
...„,ninal ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ i itathonr. and abdon.inal

:;::: "h"::il: of marbungs, formmg . .0.. ..^.^^^

,:sal marKs on metathorax and fi.t abdom.na, ^^^^^'^^^

>narldngs are eontinuous aeross the dorsum of the segment.

Thefaee-pieee (vent,.l head-eover) possesses a f^^^^^^^

■ ^-cUr <,nri oloselv dotted (eve facets), the outei e^ e

«'^t r: :::i:;Z f utotA-tions aid six „r eight very minute

Ta The t ^ tl- 1-- ^^ ™-'--'^' '^«""'^*^' and has snndar

IL lai s most abundant centrally. The antennae extend to the ™d

I wings, the maxillae disappear beneath the antennae at about half

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated by Eight Plate*
(issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the pubhshers.

WANTED TO PURCHASE.
TRANSACTIONS of ,tlie' ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY last 10 years.

Priced offers toW. Mullkr, 26 Hart Street, London, W.C. 1.

THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

(ODONATA or PARANEUROPTERA)

By R. J. TILLYARD, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., F.E.S.

Demy 8vo. pp. xii+398. With 4 plates and 188 text-figrires. 15s net.

Cambridge Zoological Series.
" Never before has the group received such detailed and well-balanced
treatment as Mr Tillyard has given. . . . Students of the anatomy and
development of insects are much jndebted to him for providing in this con-
venient form a trustworthy guide to the external and internal structure of
dragonfiies at various stages of their life-histories." — Nature

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Odonata from Mesopotamia (confinwed). — K. J. Morton, F.E,8 145

Studies in Bhyncliophora. 4. An aberrant new genus and tribe from New

Guinea.— P. S/iarp, M.A., F.B.8 151

On some new species of the Staphylinid-gemis Planeustomus Duv. from India,

with notes on certain allied forms. — O. C. Chaminon, F.Z.S 154

MelanopMIa acuminata De G., at a fire in June. — 0. W. Nicholson, M.A., M.D.,

F.Z.8. :., 156

Some Coleoptera taken in Hertfordshire in 1918. — 0. T. Giminghani 157

Platyrrhinns latirostris F. at Long Ashton, Somerset. — Id 158

Note on a dark form of Liopus nebulosug Linn. — G, C. Chanvpion, F.Z.S 15&

New localities for Hydrovatus clypealis Sharp. — J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.8. 159

Colpodes splendens Morawitz, a Japanese Carabid in Berkshire, — Id 159

Ocypxis cyaneus Payk. in Suif oik. — Claude Morley, F.Z.S 159

Habits of Pancalia leuwenhoekeila.— £. Meyricl; B.A., F.B.8. 1 60

Note on a peculiarity in the burrows Of Halictus maciilatus Sm. — R. C. L,

Perhms, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.8. ...". 160

Xiphydria prolongata Geoffr. (= drome dariu.s Fabr.) bred from an artificial leg.

—R. E. Turner, F.E.S 161

Obituary.— W. E. Sharp : IGl

Review. — Salaas (U.). Die Fichtenkafer Finnlands 162

Society. — South London Entomological Society ' 162

Contributions to a Life-History of Tarucus mediterraneae Bethime-Baker. —

T.A. Chapman, M.D.,F.R.8., and Capt. P. A. Bv:>-ton, F.E.S. , R.A.M.C. ... 163

THE NATURALIST:

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W.— October 1st and I5th, November 5th and 19th, December 3rd, 1919,
and January 21st, 1920 (Annual Meeting).

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (excexit on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and iintil 10 p.m. on Meeting uigiits.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 7 p.m. The lantein» will be at the disposal of Members for tha
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The Chair wiil be taken punctually at S o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7 p.m.
on the 1st and Srd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Fiusbury
Circus, E.C, will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this country, and to give tliem the benefit of its library and
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' Eon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Crrove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Chintjford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cuf^,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

( A^G21

their length (2 mm. from end ol" wing's). The 2nd legsVeaftli about i 'A,

of the expo.sed portion of the maxillae and tlic 1st pair '^S^/if^/jt/S^fin \i^%^''''''
1st legs are broad at their base and are against the antennae lor A WO lit
O'Smm, (their total length about 1*8 mm.). The 2nd legs are about
2 mm.

Both the first legs show a lenticle about 3 nun. from the base ;
the 2nd legs show on one side three lenticles about opposite the point of
disappearance of the 1st leg. None are detected on the opposite side.
The legs show the general reticulation. The antennae also, with at short
intorvals (antennal joints) certain lines of the pattern running through
almost transversely. The maxilla show no definite skin structm-e.

The wings are well reticulated, but are, as usual, without hairs,
rosettes or other armature. The dorsal headpiece is narrow, 0'6 mm.
across (1*2 taking both sides) and 0*2 at its widest — centrally meeting
its fellow, in a suture about 0"09 long and pointed externalh^ it is
merely reticulated. The prothoi-ax (about 0'6 on its dorsal margin)
is well reticulated, towai'ds the dorsum are a very few hairs, further out
they become numerous with a few lenticles and at its outer angle
the lenticles are large and more numerous, where the hairs are abimdant
and close together, the reticulation is Aveak or absent. The hairs are
short (0'08 to 0*19 mm.), but with branching spicuUe terminally.

On the mesothorax the spiracle-cover is about I'l mm. long along
the suture. The usual hair-like elements look like narrow tall conical
flasks, with flattish expanded tops. The dorsal suture is about 2'3 mm.
long. The surface is reticulated, the branches often terminating in free
ends, usually the network is continuous and closed, it is rather bolder
along the line of the wing-l)ase, there are only a few hairs, very few
compared with the prothorax. The metathorax is the usual triangular *

piece, witli the dorsal suture about 02 mm., and the portion representing
the hind wing ]ialer, pointed, and with (Ully some weak reticulations. The
reticulations are strongly marked in the dark central area. There are
some very minute hairs comparal)le with those on the face-piece. The
base of each is surrounded by an area about O'OG mm. in diameter free
from reticulations, making a number of paler, approximately circidar,
spots. There are a few lenticles towards the anterior margin.

The abdominal segments down to the 7th resemble the metathorax
in reticulation and in having minute liairs in smooth areas. Round tlie
spiracles, chiefly behind them, are areas packed with lenticles and hairs
(-"50 to 100), tlie hairs of the larger pattern mentioned as seen on the
prothorax. The spiracles are narrow slits surrounded l)y al)out 20

] 70 [August,

finger-like lobes radiating- from its sides and ends ; tliey are about
0"08 mm. long, the slit abo\it half that length. Their structure is,
however, obviously much more coinplicated than this short description
suggests. The cremaster consists of about 150 anchor-hooks, the ends
rounded and the points much incui'vcd. They are a1)0ut 0'04 long and
rather stout.

These last abdominal segments of Lycaenid pupae are always
difficult to distinguish. Here the 8th, 9tli (and 10th?) are ventrally
coalesced into a narrow portion about 0'07 mm. across. Dorsally and
laterally what looks like 8 and O^carry the hooks, and centrally is a clear
area that must be part of lOtli.

The sear of the honey-gland is very obvious in the mounted pupa-skin,
but is too overloaded with dirt or debris to be fit for photographing.

The following are Captain Buxton's observations. I have added an
article and verb here and there, where they had been omitted for brevity',
and otherwise only a word or two that seemed more suitaljle when
brevity was so far eliminated : —

IPood of til e larva, Zizyplms spina-cliristi (?). — A common tree in
gardens and about villages — the fruit is eaten and the tree commonly
planted throughout Mesopotamia. The larva, which is always to be
found on the underside of the leaf, the pale dorsal streak often not
coinciding with one of the three main ribs of the leaf, eats long patches
through the lower epidermis and ]mrenchyma, so that they show white
when dry. They eat slowly forward, making gi-ooves slightly wider
than themselves. In captivity they keep to the (morphological) luider
surface of the leaf, even when the leaf is turned over, so presumably
they choose it not so much for ])rotection from light and enemies as
because the lower epidermis is thinner and easier to eat.

The larvae feed up rapidly on young leaves, e. g., a larva found
June 12th, 1918, 2 mm. in length, on a slight web on the under sm'faee
of a leaf, and very lethargic, shed prepenultimate skin June 15th,
penultimate on 19th, and pupated on 23rd. In general the larvae are
active for Lycaenids, often quite frisky some 24 houi-s before moulting
or pupating.

J^Iyrmeco'plnl }j . — A small black ant (^Plapolepis fijgmaect*, teste

* Mr. H. Powell has just sent me specimens of this ant, found by him attending some larvae of
Theator balliia at Hy&res, for naming b_v Mr. Donisthoriie, wlio say a it is known to attend jiphides
but these are the first records of its association with Lepidoptera.

1919.) 171

Donisthorpe) is seen on the trees phiving round nearly every larva.
Ant^ and larvae were put away together in the lahoratory in a damp jar
with twigs of Zlzijplms. The ants lived for at least twelve days, as
isolated workers away from their nest, they were never seen to feed at
the honey-gland. Onee a larva was seen to run over a larva near the
honey-gland, it did not stop, tap with the antennae, or an34hing, but a
small drop exuded from the mouth of the gland. The ant took no notice
and the drop remained till it dried up.

If an ant even touches a larva, at once one or both pillars (fans)
shoot out, hut the ant appears to take no notice. In captivity the ants
were generally to be found on the same leaf as the larvae, and after
pupation they similarly hung about near the pupsp. One larva lived
eleven days and moulted three times, without ever having an ant near
it, yet it flourished.

Pupation. — Naturally and in captivity this takes ])lace in the
hollow underside of a leaf on the tree. The leaf is not bound to the tree
by threads. There is a single girth round the pupa at or about the third
abdominal segment. There is a slight silk pad at the tail end of the
pupa. In a few cases observed ])upation took place in the early after-
noon. The period in pupa is 64 days. (Tn June in Mesopotamia the
shade temperature rises to 110 ' on many days.)

Description of Pupa. — The colour varies considerably, dorsally
from very pale creamy buff to dark brown. Thorax generally darker
than the rest of the dorsum. Intersegmental membranes pale. Heart
as a distinct grey line pulsating visibly to the end of the fifth day. In
pale pup;e, the stigmata show, being placed in dark clouds, especially the
first abdominal stigma. (This should probably be second, as the first is
covered by the wings. — T. A. C.) Venter of the same colour, but very
pale and pellucid, the green of the leaf showing through. At the end
of the pupal period the whole pupa darkens and becomes opaque, of
coui'se ; the eye-caps darken and become blackish, crossed at the top by
the pale line of the antennse.

Description of Larva — Last Starje. — The general colour is pale
apple-green, just the shade of the undersurface of the young Zizijplnts
leaf. Very wide " fringe " whitish, mid-dorsal ridge appearing as a
distinct yellow streak, under a binocular it is seen to consist of whitish
spines on a yellow ground. This streak begins at the second thoracic
segment, and is widest there, and is red-brown in the middle. It runs
right away to the very tip of the upper surface, barring an interruption
in the honey-gland area. The honey-gland area is very slightly yellower

Q2

172 r August,

tlian the rest of the dorsum. The whole upper surface is i^i^read with
Httk^ white glistening "crow's-foot" hairs, each arising in a minute spot
of black pigment, which is only seen with higher powers of Innoeular
dissecting microscope.

The segment behind the honey-gland (eighth on the alxlominal
segment) has a big j)apilla out on the Hank. The base of this papilla is
covered as usual with crow's-feet growing from black specks, the summit
consisting of a bladder of thin, greenish, pulsating membrane.

Pulsation is not rhythmical, and not dejiendent on movements of
tlie head in feeding. Two sides pulsate at different rates, ])ulsations
entirely irregular in amplitude and frequency, prol)ably averaging several
per second. Quite suddenly one ]iapilla gives two or three luige jmlsa-
tions and a long |)illar is evaginated with glistening apical s])ines, the
whole quite visible to the naked eye. It is soon invaginated again.

The height of the pillar is approximately six times its dianieter.
The under surface is of the same colour as the u]»]:)er; no crow's-foot
hairs. The legs are almost colourless. The head is trans] lan-nt greenish,
eyes black. Labrnm red-brov>n, ti])s of gnathites ditto. Lengtli, 11 mm.

in all stages but the hist the larva only difl'ers from tlie al)ove in
having the middle of the dorsal streak on thorax yellow, not red-brown.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Tiifiiciis vu'diU'rranene 15. l?aker.

Platf. YI. — Fig.]. P]gg-shell, X 38. Fig. L\ Larva of Tarucus tkcophrasfus,
or more probably T. meditcrraneae (i'rom Sebdou, Oian, Algeria), in
first stage, X 42 ; the intestine lias been everted from the last segment
in placing specimen on slide ; all the other specimens are 7'. 7nedi-
terrcmeae from Mesopotamia. Fig. 3. Second stage larva. X 42.
Fig. 4. Third stage larva, X 17'o.

Plate VJI. — Fig. 5. One of the ibirsal hairs of tlurd stage larva, x 170.
Fig. 6. Fonrlli stage larva, X 10. Fig. 7. Fifth (last) stage larva, X 10.
The difference in size of tlie larvae in the last two tigares is due to the
greater stretching of the larger skin. The relative sizes of the caltrops,
liair-bases, and of the heads seem to couhrni the determination of ti e
instars.

Plate VIII. — Fig;. 8. Prothorax and prothoracic plate of larva in tig. 7 ; the
bases of the special angular hairs of the plate are very conspicuous, x 42.
Fig. 9, Last segments of same larva, X 41 ; tlie honey-gland and position
of the " pillars " are evident.

Platk IX. — Fig. 10. lloney-gland region of same larva, more magnified
(X 120) ; this figure and fig. 5 show the various forms of lenticles and
hair-bases (•' crow's feet," Buxton) ; the minute hairs will hardly
persist in tlie reproduction. Fig. 11. Ocelli and ja^As in last larval
iu>itar, X 70. Fig. J2. The same in third iustar (larva in fig. 4), X 120.

1919.1

173

Platic X. — lug. 13, Protlioracic plate of pupa with dorsal head-piece, x 42.
Fig. 14. Metathoracic plate of pupa, X 42. It will be noticed that its
position has been reversed, i. e., its right-liand pointed piece (hind-wing
cover) is against the niesotlioracic plate, and the margin that should
have been there is against the wing ; the niesotlioracic plate shows
similar sculpturing to the nietathorax, the wing-cover has only
reticulations.

Pl.^te XI. — Fig. 15. Spiracular region of hfth and sixth abdominal seg-
ments, X 42. Fig. 16. Spiracle of fifth abdominal segment further
enlarged, showing lenticles, hairs, &c., and something of structure of
spiracle. The photographs are all by Mr. A. E. Tonge.

lieigate.

April 1919.

ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE HISTERIDAE.
BY UEOEGE LEWIS, F.L.S.

The part of tlie " Genera Iiisectoi'uni " to wliicb I referred in this
Magazine in October 1915, p. 289, has now been published, and it will
remain with Entomologists generally to accept or reject its peculiar
taxonomy. A very few Coleopterists have specially studied the His-
teridae and collectors abroad have had little inducement to pay attention
to their capture, for which some knowledge of their varying habits is
necessary. When collecting in Japan during two consecutive summers
I only found a single example of Uetaerius.

In my note of 1915 I attributed the publication of the new
taxonomy to M. P. Wytsman, but M. Wytsman later informed me
that it was arranged by tlie late Dr. Veth, who died at the Hague in
August 1917.

The dominant characters in the classilication of the Histeridae are
brieriy set forth in my catalogue of 1905, first those Avith a non-retractile
head — Nipouius, Trypanaeiis, and Hololepta, each belonging to a group
very distinct in itself — and then follows the genera in which the head
is retractile and during rest is concealed by a prominent prosternal lobe.
The next division contains genera whose species are more heterogeneous,
and have a mesosternum more or less projecting and a prosternum incised
for its reception ; it contains also species with the mesosternum merely
bisinuous anteriorly and the prosternum not cut out at its base. Saprinus,
again, stands apart like Trypanaeus and Hololepta by reason of the
different construction of its sternal plates and of the sculpture above,
which is persistent throughout the group and prevents their close asso-
ciation with any other.

174 [AllRUSt,

Oil my wa}^ home from Japan, in passing through Paris, I gave
Marseul some specimens of a 8yntelia that I had found not uncommonly
there. Marseul knew the genus and said " not one of the Histtrldae.
the anterior coxae are apj^roximate." The same is the case ^^'ith
Sphaerites. Niponius has the characters of a true Histerid, but it is
separated from them in the " Genera Insectorum."

30 Sborucliffe Road, Folkestone.
July 1919.

LEPTUBA RUBRA L. IN NORFOLK.
BY H. .T. TIIOULESS.

On August Gth last I captured at Horsfoi'd, near Norwich, a Longi-
corn beetle which was not familiar to me. It was obviously a species of
Leptiiva, but did not agree with any of those previously recorded as
British.

I have submitted the specimen to Mr. James Edwards, and he informs
me that it is undoubtedly a male of Leptiira ruhra L. He has, with his
usual kindness, furnished me with the following information with regard
to this species : — In Holland it is generally distributed, but everywhere
scarce ; further, that Thomson says it is common in Avoods of conifers,
especially spruce, over the whole of Scandinavia, and that Reitter, in his
" Fauna Germanica," says it is very abundant on old stumps of conifers.

Mr. Edwards has supplied me with the following table of the British
species of Leptiira, Avhich shows very clearly the position occupied by
L. ruhra : —

1 (2) Outer apical angle of elytra rounded off limda F.

2 (1) Outer apical angle of elytra produced.

3 (12) Elytra distinctly punctured ; antennae black.

4 (9) Pubescence of thorax erect.

5 (8) Legs black.

6 (7) Hind tibiae short, wide, compressed, somewhat curved.

.fulva De G.

7 (6) Iliud tibiae straight, long and thin sanijuinole7ita L.

8 (o) Legs red, at most witb the tarsi blackish rufa Brulle.

9 (4) Pubescence of tliorax depressed.

10 (11) Legs entirely black scutellata F.

11 (10) Femora black, tibiae and tarsi yellow rubra L.

[12 (3) Elytra shagreened. Antennae Avitli yellow rings ., r/re«s L.]

He further points out that the male differs from the same sex of
L. fulva, which it most resembles, in having the pubescence of the

1919.] 176

thorax depressed and an oblique linear impression on each side of
the hinder half, the elytra without any black at the apex, the tibiae
and tarsi yellow, Avhilst the female has the thorax and elytra, tibiae
and tarsi pale red, and sometimes two small red spots on the head.

I have good reason to judg-e that L. rubra is an old inhabitant of
the Horsford district, rather than an accidental importation. It is a
remote country of heath and woodland, and it is most unlikely that the
beetle can have escaped from foreign timber. The ground on which it
occurred has been covered with Scots pines for at least a century, as I
well recollect a number of large trees being felled there over thirty
years ago.

" Corfe," College Road, Norwich.
Jult/ 1919.

[I have taken this insect more or less freeh^ in pine-woods in the
French, Swiss, Italian, and Austrian Alps, in the Black Forest in
Germany, in Spain, Corsica, the Landes, Pyrenees, etc., usualh' on
Umbelliferae. It is mentioned in Stephens's "Manual," under the
name L. ruhrotestacea 111., as having been improperly indicated as
British.— G. C. C]

ON A NEW SPECIES OF AlsTOmNA (COCCIDAE) FEOM CEYLON.
BY E. ERNEST GREEX, F.Z.S.

Antoniiia zonata, n. sp.

Adult female naked ; not enclosed in a felted sac, but resting- ou a bed of
whitish secretionary matter ; apparently globular, but actually pyriform, the
anterior extremity narrower (tig. b): without any vestige of legs : at first of an
olivaceous greenish colour, with dark brown zones and blotches ou the dorsal
area; older examples may be of a more ov less uniform castaneous brown
colour, when the markings are largely obscured. Antennae rudimentary, cou-
sistiug of a broad, short basal joint and a longer irregularly conical terminal
jniut, the extremity truncate and somewhat concave, with a group of stout
curved setae. Spiracles large aud conspicuous. Anal ring set in a wide pit
Avith a comparatively small, broadly oval or circular orifice, through which
the anal setae project. The external oritice is surrounded by circular
ceriferous pores aud many stout hairs. The anal ring itself has a deeply
milled circumference aud bears six long stout setae.

Length 2-7.5--5 mm. : greatest breadth 2-o-4 mm.

Male puparium in the form of an elongate, narrow, felted sac.
On a shrubby species of bamboo {Tcinostachyiim attenuaUim),
Pundaluoya, Ceylon. The adult females are clustered in the axils of the
smaller branches. They are seldom actually exposed, but are almost

17«

fAiigust.

invarial)ly eiu'l()sed in cart'iii shelters constructed over theui by ants
{GreiJiny>fo(^(isler dohriii). Tlie position and glol>vdar fonn of tlie insects
give tliem the appearance of sessile berries growing- upon the plant. The
male pnparia are usually concealed ])eneath the stipules of the bamboo.

Antunina -o/irt to. Green.
a. Insects, on twig of bamboo ; nat. size.
' h. Adult female, side view ; X 6.

Though diifering widely, in form and colouring, from typical species
of Antoiiiiia, all the structural characters of the insect, and its early
development, are essentiality those of the genus to which it is here
assigned.

Camberley.

July I7t/i, 1919.

GNOPHOMYIA TRIPUDIANS BunGROTH: A NEW BRITISH FLY.
BY F. W. EDWAKDS, B.A., F.E.S.

In the summer of 1918 I received for identitication from Dr. D.
Keilin, of Cambridge Universit}^, .several specimens of a fair-sized black
Tipvilid which evidently' belonged to the genus Gno2)homyia, hut winch
I could not at the time name with certainty. A recent re-examination
of them shows that they undoubtedly belong to the species described by
Bergroth in 1891 as G. iripudians, from a specimen taken in Switzer-
land. No species of this genus has hei'etofore been discovered in this
country, and the only record of O. tripudians subsequent to Bergroth's
seems to be one hy W. Gamkrelidze, who records (Feuille Jeuncs Nat.

1919.] 177

xliii, J). •").■), 11)18) liiidiiin' ntiiiil>ors of the Irnvac in a fiilli-n ])u]ila!' 1i-unk
at Ohavillc, near Paris : he also sfates that the adults were numerous in
the locality from spring to autumn. Dr. Keilin found the larvae very
numerous under the bark of a dead oak at Mildenhall, Suffolk.

G. trlpudinns is one of the largest of the British Eriopteriui, and,
apart from its structural differences in venation, can easily be separated
from every other member of the group in this country by the deep colour
of the whole body, including tlie legs, and the strongly infuscated wings.
It is somewhat reniai'kable that so conspicuous an insect should have
remained so long undiscovered, but as every breeder of insects knows,
many species which are abundant as larvae are only rarely seen as
adults, and so far as this country is concerned, this may be a case in
point ; amongst other instances might be mentioned the fungus-gnats
Dltomyia fasciata Mg., Geroplatiis Uneatiis F., and Leplomorphus
walkei'l Curt. — all conspicuous flies which the writer finds conuuonly
as larvae, but lias seldom seen on the wing.

London.

July ?,rd, 1919.

Another /lotc i>n l/ic habits of Melanuphila avUDiinota De Geev. — Apropos of
Dr. Nicholison's remarks nu the habits of this species {ante, pp. 156, lo7), and
of those of the late W. E. Sharp on the same subject (oji. cit. liv, 1918, pp. 244,
24o), it is ijerhiips worth while calling attention to a recently published paper
by Mr. H. E. Burke, entitled "Biological Xotes on some Flat-headed Bark-borers
of the (lenus MelanojjhUa'" (Jouru. Econ. Ent., Concord, N. II., xii, pp. 105-
108, Febr. 1919). This article deals witji several American species of tlie genus
Melanophila, including the holarctic M. acuminata. Mr. Burke writes as
follows: — " Generally there is one generation in a year. Adult beetles emerging
from tlie trees in spring and summer of one year lay eggs that hatch into larvae
which live through the winter and pupate, emerging as adults in the spring or
summer of the following year. Sometimes, however, a number of larvae of
one generation will remain in the pupal cells for several years beibre pupating.
The birvae of these beetles mine the inner bark and outer wood and pupate
there, the eggs 'being laid in tlie crevices of the bark. The adults usually feed
on the bark ox foliage of the host-trees, but M. consputa has been observed
devouring scorched termites. With the exception of one individual of M. acu-
minata reared from Monterey cypress, all the American sp^ies of Melanophila
appear to be confined to food-plants of the family Pinnceae. The larval cha-
racters indicate that the genus should be divided into two. . . . M. ncuminata
De G., with which M. longipcs Say and M. atropurpnrea Say are apparently
identical,* ])refers to attack dead or dying trees scorched by fire. . . . The
only known method of dealing with these beetles in the forests is the burning
the infested wood and bark before the adults emerge." liarvae were found by

AiKjthei- synonym is M. obscurata Lewis, from Jai.an («/. Ent. Mo. Mag. liv, p. 200, 1018).

-j^i-g [August,

myself in 1909 under .scDi'clied piiie-bark ;it Woking, and one ol'tlie largest of
tliem was figured in this ]Magazine (ante, ^vol. xlvi, pi. 4, tigs. 5, o a, 1010), but
neither W. E. Sliarp nor Dr. Nicholson appears to have met with the insect in
its earlier stages.— G. C. Champion, Plorsell : July 10th, 19U>.

Aleuonota egvMjia Rye and Ocypits cynntus Payk. in Norfolk. — li is ol
icterest to record tiie capture of these Staphylinidae. A $ specimen of the
former was taken on Juiie ord at the entrance to a rabljit buiTow and
the latter on a road on June 25th, both at Sheringhani, Norfolk. —
M. Cameron, 7 Blessington Road, Lee, S.K. lo: July 1st, 1919.

[The Alenonota [Homolofa) ha.s remained unique as I3ritisli since tiie
capture of a single specimen at Caterluim, Surrej^, by myself, on June 3rd,
1873 (Ent. Mo. Mag. xii, p. 176, 1870). The Oq/jjus has been recorded in
recent years from the Eastern Counties (Norfolk, Sutl'olk, and E«sex), Oxford,
Scotland (Nairn and Grantown), etc. — G. C. C]

Coleopteva of tho Briyhtun District (continued from Ent. Mo. Mag. 1918,
p. -!11). — Since last July 1 have done very little collecting, but some of the
species which have turned up may be worthy of notice. I have divided
the district as before into : The Chalk downs, the f:mall woods on the downs,
the alluvial river valleys with their networks of ditches and streams, and the
Wealden area. Mr. E. A. Elliott and the late Mr. W. E. Sharp have been
very kind in identifying several of the specimens for me, and the Rev. C. E.
Tottenham has given me great assistance by sending named insects. I would
like to take this opportunity of offering them my sincerest thanks. Owing to
lack of time many groups have been very little " worked " ; the f^ffqjJiylimdae
and water- beetles, for example, have received very little attention.

(1) The Chalk downs and the beech copse.ti on them.

Amara apricaria, several in mud-cracks at the bottom of a dried-up dew-
pond ; A, aidica, under a stone, Stanmer. Olisthapits rotundatus, one under a
stone in a chalk-pit. Noterus clavicornis was very plentiful in a pnnd on the
Newhaven cliff, with several Hhantus puuctatus. 1 have at last found Necro-
pliorus vesjnlh, of which there were several in a dead mole at Stanmer*.
Though this is often supposed to be the most common species, I have never
taken it before, either in Sussex or Rerkshire. Omosita discoidca, one in a
sheep's skull at Stanmer. Vis boleti, under beecli-bark. Rhizubius litura,
several by sweeping at Stanmer. Quedins Diolochinus, I found the pupa of this
insect at the root of a clump of heather, the beetle emerged in May. Cajius
xanthohnia, one under a stone at ''• Rlack Rock." Aphodius rufiis and A. stic-
ticns each made a few appearances in sfercore equino, also a specimen each of
Onthopliayus ovatus and O.fracticornis. I picked up a J Drilas Jtnuesccns on
the London road, and on the same day 1 got two more by sweeping outside a
beech wood near Lewes (vi.l919). (irammopiera rujicornis, not connnon,
Stanmer. Timarclia tenebricoxa has, unlilce other years, been quite abundant
on the downs and outside woods this y>!ar. Chrysomela staphylea, by sweeping
in Stanmer Woods. Psylliodes didcamarae lias turned up once at Stanmer, and
on the same day I got a single Centhorrhynchidius horridus (viii.1918).

1&19.] 179

(2) The River Vulleys.

Ayonuvi viduuvi, on baiilcs of R. Ouse, occasionally ; \ ar. miestion at
Soiitlivvick. Iluliplus fnlnis, Newhaveu. Gyrinus bicolor, not common
at Lbwes. Astilhus cannliculatus, under a stone, amongst ants, near New-
haven. Coccidtda rufa, on the bank of the Ouse near LeAves. Ojithophuyns
vacca is found occasionally in cattle pastures near the Ouse and Adur. Hydro-
thasna maryinella, common at Lewes. Hippuriphila niodeeri and Dunacia
sericea were swept up at Lewes in May.

(}^) TJie Wealden Area.

I was surprised to meet with CQuntless Elapknis riparius in a baking-hot
sandpit near Hassocks early this summer. At the base of the sides of a
similar sandpit (Upper Neocomian) north of Worthing-, dead and living-
specimens of Byrrlms pilula were lying- about in heaps, and quite darkened
the ground in many parts of the quarry. Bemhidion ■i-viaculatiun, on the
bank of a ]3ond on Chaily Common in April. Acupalptis meridianus, at Uck-
tield in May. Amaru fulca, Stomis ptnnicatus, and Pterosiichus sfrenuus, though
Lonmioi), are species that have not fallen to my lot previously to this spring.
At/abus bignttatus occurred in a small roadside ditch in considerable numbers.
A. iJudconotus appears to be the only beetle that can live in the iron-laden
water of some of the ponds on Chaily Common; in these ponds a thick red
deposit is formed on the aquatic plants and gives them a most unnatural
appearance. Copelatm aydis made two appearances at Holmbush in an other-
wise unprolitic pond. Helochares griseus, fairly common. Silpha thoracica
was crawling about in fair numbers round some decaying aninuil matter near
lleathfield. Lathrobium elongatum occurred abundantly at Holmbush in April.
Cytilus sericeus and Lochmaea siUaralis, one of each, Chaily Common (iv.l919j.
Melundrya carahoides, on a tree at Maresfield (viii.1918). Helops striatus,
under bark in a wood north of Wortliing.— George B. IIyle, 6 Chesham
Place, Brighton : July l&th, 1919.

So7ne Coleojjtera taken in Somersetshire.— The following list includes a few
of the more interesting species of beetles taken on occasional opportunities for
collecting during 1914-15 and the early part of 1916. The majority were
found in the neighbourhood of Long Ashton (L. A.), within four or five miles
of Bristol.

Anchomemis piceiis L. (Buniham), Sfemlophus respertinus Panz. (Nailsea),
Bembidium indlidipenne 111. (under seaweed at Burnhani), B. concinnum Steph.
(L. A.), B. tibiale Duft. (L. A.), Brgchius elevatus Panz. (L. A.), Hydatims
transversalis Berg. (Burnhara). Cymbindyta ovalis Tlioms. (Nailsea), Berofus
luridus L. (Buruham and Nailsea), Limnebius nitidus Marsh. (Burnhani),
Chuetarthria semimdam llerbst (Minehead), Ilydraena nigrita Germ. (L. A.),
H. palustris Er. (Burnhani), Cyclonotum orbiculare F. (in company with
Chaetarthria). Staphylinus caesareus Cederh. (Burnham), Eusphalerum pri-
midae Steph. (L. A., very abundant each year in primroses), Phloeolnum
clypeafum Miill. (L. A.), J'rognatha quadricornis Lac. (L. A.). Ayathidimn
yiigripenne Kug. (under bark, L. A.), Anisotuma calcarata Er. (L. A.),
c'holeva moriu F. (L. A.), Lycoperdina bovistae F. (a single specimen taken
under a small stone at the base of a tree, near Tickenham ; no Lycoperdons or

180 rAugust,

other likely fungi coiild be fouiul near bv), Daoie nififrimf: F. ;L. A.), Ortho-
cerus mnticus L. (^saud-duiies at Biu-nl)aui)f Ccrylon Jiisteroides F. (!.. A.),
Saprinus marifivius Steph. (in holes in the sand above high water-mark at
Buruhani), Abraeus (/lobosiis Hoffm. (L. A.), Poaidms fcrn.ujinens F. (in Lvco-
perdons, L. A.), li/iizo/i/uu/ns perforntus Er. (L. A.) Monotonia spinkoUis Aube
(Xailsea), Cartodere nijicollis Marsh, (in dried braeken, L. A.), rediaciis de-
pressus Ilerbst (under bark of Conifer, L. A.), JJipJii/Uu-i hmutus F. (in fungus,
Duldinia cunccutricu^ on ash at Faihiiid), Tviphyllns tmturalis F. (L. A.),
Litar(jiis bifnsciatus F. and Mycetopjuiyns atomariiis (in conipauj' with
Dip/n/lliis at Failaud), JElinis aeticus MiilL, E. volkmari Panz., E. subvioUiceiis
jMiilL, E. cupvcus Miill. (on stones in small streams at L. \.). Sinodendron
ci/lmdrician L. (dead apple tree, L. A.), Onthophayus michicornis L, (Burnham),
Fsammobms sulcicollis 111. and Aeyialia arenaria F. (both common on sand-
dunes at Burnham), Throt^cus carinifrons Bon v. (evening- sweeping, bracken,
L. A.), Malthiims front<dis Marsh. (L. A.), Mnlthodes dispar ((erm,, M./ibu-
latus Kies., M. alomus Thonis. (L. A.), Ilcdob'ia imperialis Ij. (on the \Ni»g,
L. A.), Dryopliilus pimlliis (Jyll. (beating oak, L. A.), Ajiobiuvi fidvicorne
Sturm (Tickenham), Erncbiiix mollis L. (!/. A.), Ochina Jiedercie Miill. (ivy»
L. A.), Vis fuscatns Mell. (L. A.), Enneart/irou (iffine CtvU. (L A.), Tetrups
praeusta L. (L. A.). Lockmaea stUundis Thoms. (Minehead), Phyllol ref a tetra-
stiyma Com. (under bark of pollard willows, Athelney). Tlcliopathcs yibbus F.
(sand-dunes at liurnham), Microzoian tibiale F. (Burnham), 3/ordellisfeiia
nbdominalis F. (L. A. ), ^hiaspis pulicdria Costa, A. rufilabris Oyll., A. yeqf-
froyi Miill. (L. \.), Metoecns parado.vus L. (L. A. — -wasps' nest). Brachy tarsus
varitts F.. (sweeping long grass under trees, L. A.), (Jtiurriiynvhus rttyifrons
Cyll. (Portishead), (). oratns L. (Burnham ;, Barynotus elevatus Marsh.
(L. A.), Alophns triyiittatas F. (L. A.), Siiones yriseus F. (J^iirnham), Rltaui-
phusjiavicornis Clairv. (L. A.), Dorytomns pectorulis Gyll. (L. A.), Ta??ysphynis
li'Dinae F. (Failand), Gymnetron paacaonim {iyll., G. villosulus Gyll., and
G. beoaibunyae L. (L. A.), Cionns hidtidriae F. (L. A.), Ponplinyus sisymbrii F.
('Scixlsed), Litodaclylus leueoyaster Marsh. (Nailsea), B/tyiivalns liyyiarius Marsh,
(li. A., in dead elm-stump), Scolytus mullistriahis Marsh. (L. A.), Hylasies
(iter Payk. (L. A.), Tlylesinus crenutiis F. (L. A.), Pityophthoriis pubescetis
Marsh, (in dead tir twigs, L. A.), Trypodciidrun domesticuin L. (L. A.). —
C. T. (iiMiNGHAM, Long Ashton, Bristol: June iiitJi, 1919.

Calosoma sycoplianUi L. at Exmoutlt. — The following note is taken from a
recent issue of a West Country newspaper. "The Kev. A. C. Morris, of
Exbourne Rectory, writes : — A Continental beetle, which is occasionally
caught in England on the coast, was discovered last week at Exmouth, ou the
sands, by a young member of the Exbourne Scouts, Douglas Morris. The
beetle is Calosoma sycophanta. It is probable that the specimens Avhicli are
occasionally caught in England come from France. The beetle is a strong
flyer, and the fact tliat it is soiuetiines found a few miles from the coast
floating in the water, points to its being a migrant. The specimen caught is
perfect, and tlie green and golden wing-cases are over an inch in length and
nearly three-quarters of an inch in width. 'The gale probably assisted it in its
passage across the Channel." It may be remembered that one or two examples
have been captured in the New Forest during recent years. — Eds.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Plate VI.

^

X 17§

Photo, by A. E. Tonge.
TARUCUS MEDITERRANEAE B. -Baker.

Ent. Mo. Mag., iOl'J. I'i^atk VII.

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^ I life.'*:

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rAo/ri. ?j;, A. E. 'J'oii(jr>

TAUUCUS ^lEDlTERUANEAl': B.-Bakf.r.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Pl-vte VIIT.

^:

- ' '''Hi*- ■*«..>

riiiito. hy A. K. Tonge.
TARUCUS MEDITERRANEAE B. -Baker.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Plate IX.

10

l^^^i^1^<>?l

^ #'

11

12

X 120

Fhoto. by A. E. Tong
TARUCUS MEDITERRANEAE B.-Bakek.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1019. Plvik X.

rhotu. hi) A. E. Toiii/e.

TARUCUS MEDITERRANEAE B, -Baker.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Pl.^tr XI.

v.- .

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TARUCUS :\rEDITERR.\NEAE B.-Bakrr.

Andrena dorsatn K. and A. similis Sin sti/lophed.- -To my list of st^lopized
bees (Kilt. Mo. Mag. 1918, p. 115) I am now able to add two other species.
During- the last week in March my brother picked up a female A. dorsata K.
in East Devon and sent it to me, suspecting that it was stylopized. This
specimen contains two female Stylops, which appear similar to those found in
A. ovutula {(ifzeliella) and wilkella K. The bee itself is much changed in respect
to the pollinigeroiis apparatus; the pollen basket formed by the curved hairs
of the propodeum is greatly reduced and the scopae are also in a deteriorated
condition. The hind tibiae are red at the apex, as is usual in examples of
the second or summer brood of this Andrena, but this colour is sometimes
found in healthy examples of the spring brood. A single stylopized male of
A. similis Sm. was taken in April. This also is much changed by the parasite,
and in fact might easily be mistaken for some other species. The charac-
teristic rugulositv of the abdomen is lost, and this has become conspicuously
shining or polislied. In fact, to the naked eye the specimen has somewhat the
appearance of a small example of A. politu Sm. — R. 0. L. Perkins, Paignton :
June -itJi, 1919.

Sire.v juve7icns in A>«' Zealand.— Last month Mr. F. G. Moore of Masterton,
Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand, submitted to me, for identificaticn,
two specimens of tlie well-known I'luropean Sirc.rjuvencus and stated that his
son had observed two others in the neighbourhood of Masterton, This fine
insect is a very striking addition to our rather meagre Ilymenopterous fauna.
It has no doubt been introduced amongst imported timber. — G. V. Hudson,
flillview, Kavori, Wellington, New Zealand : Ajiril 2Srd, 1919.

jVote on the " nymph "' of Melampsalta cingulata. — Whilst digging up a
currant garden, which hail been neglected fen' about five years, I discovered
several full-grown "nymphs" of Melampsalta vinipdata. These should ap-
parently have emerged during the last summer. Although our past season
was very exceptionally cold, wet, and boisterous, the autumn was fine and, so
far as I am aware, tlie imapines of M. cimpdala were about in normal numbei's.
It is clear, however, that the individuals I disturbed to-day will not now
emerge until next November or December, at the earliest, as M. cingnlata is
never on the wing before that time and its period of greatest abundance is late
February or March. Tliis observation may be of some interest as indicating
the fact that Cicadae may remain over a season in the "nymph " state. — G. V.
HuDsox : May 22nd, 1919.

Insects and Funyi on Grass Land. — The following note, published in the
" Gardener's Chronicle," London, Ixv, No. 1680, March 8th, 1919, p. 114, is of
interest to economic entomologists: — On apiece of grass land broken up for
cultivation in 1918, the local pests were A^np/n'mallifs {li/iizotroyns) solstitialis,
MeloIontJia melolontha {ridyans), Tipula (leather-jaclvet), Feltia (Ayiofis) evcla-
matimiis, and Enxoa {A.) seyetiim, the last two cutworms being most destructive
to cabbage, parsley, and potatoes. Some other' insects were present, but they
disappeared with the destruction of their food or shelter and wei'e not injurious
to the vegetables. Imported pests, or those that invaded the new feeding-
ground were : Phorbia {Anthomyia) brassicae (cabbage fly) imported on

182 [August,

seedling cabbaires ; Peijomiiia hi/osci/anii {A. bctae) on beet ; HyU'Dii/ia antiqud
(A. ceparmn) on onions; Anthomyia radicuin on radishes; AcicUa heradei
(celery Uy) on parsnips ; Vsiln rosae (carrot Hy) and Ceufhorrhi/nchus .snlcicollis
(ciibbage-<iall weevil) : Ori/j/ut ant iqiui [vniioaver moth) on ])lane trees ; Aphis
ruviipdi' (black apliis) on broad beans, and Brericorijne (.1.) />russicae (cabbage
aphis) more or less destructive to cabbages ; and Depressan'ii :nscipu//cf('l/(i
{liasfiintceUa) injuring parsnip leaves. — Eds.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Pocikty:
May 227^1, 1919.— Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

Ur. Chapman exhibited living .specimens of Trypodendron dumesticum, a,
beetle which burrows into the bark and wood of beech, oak, etc., from Netley
Heath. Mr. Bunnett, the nut weevils Balaninus miciDu, B. (/hindiiwi, and B. tes-
sellatus from Keston. and the rare Meyatonui tmdata. Mr. Syma, living larvae
of Stiyinon pnmi. Mr. Ashdowu, the rather scarce beetle Ptinus sexpunctattcs,
Attagenvs pellio with supplementary spots, and two Hylobins abietis showing
much diffe.ence in size. Mr. H}'. J. Turner, Culias ediisa from Cyprus with
dusky blotches at base of fore wings, and several Bontia daplidice from Catania
and Cyprus to show the range of aberration below. Mr. Edwards, the Siricida
Sirex giyas, S. Juvencus, and aS'. noctilin. Messis. R. Adkin and W. West,
species of Lepidoptera and (Joleoptera injurious to trees, Mr. Edwards, dia-
grams illustrating the life- history of Hyliu-gus piniperda (Coleopt.). Mr, Main,
lantern-slides of details of various insects destructive to timber. Mr. B. Adkin
read a paper, " Insects Injurious to Forestry." A discussion followed, especial
note being made of the negligence of the authorities in allowing tJie huge
quantities of dchrin of the recent felling to lie so long and thus form convenient
harbour for multitudes of insect and other pests.

Jinw ]2t/i, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. .T. A. Humphreys, of Hamp.stead, was elected a member.

^Ir. Mera e.vhibited bred melanic Ilihemia defidiaria with black females
from Eppiug Forest from a melanic female ; and living larvae of hybrid
Tephvosia hiundularia X crepuscularia with larvae of the lirst for comparison.
Mr. West, the beetles Anthocomus terminatus and Oeoryssiis pygmaefis from
A^'icken Fen. Mr. Ashdowu, the beetles MordeUistcna abdominalis 5 find
Tetropium (/abricli tvoni Box Hill. Mr. Tatchell, a bred 3Ie/ifaea cinxia desti-
tute of markings on disc of fore wings, Mr. Bunnett, a Bhaphidia, and the
sawfiy of the privet. Mr. Sperring, bred Pararge aeyeria var. egeriden from
Peterborough with a large blotch of colour in the space between the apical
blotch and the next in the series. Seasonal notes were given by the members.

June 26th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. K. G. Blair exhibited living Chrysomela distingiicnda with ova and
larvae on toadflax ; on behalf of Mr. Campbell Smith, Cetoiiia anrata from
Berks; and on behalf of 3Ir. G. Wright, Lytta resicaton'a from Norfolk, giving

1919.] I S3

particulars of the lifo-historv of the last-iiMnied. Mr. Neave, for Mr. Tatchell,
a pupa oi Apaiura iris from tlic New Fonjst. Mr. IJ. Main, the beetle Necro-
/>/iorui vcspi/lo and larviv!, ;i.u'l nxn i)i' Melolonf/ta viih/aris, and gave notes on
tlie lifc-liistories. Mr. Aslulown, a living Hylopliila bicoionina, larvae of
Diapliitrn uiciii/ica, and a larva of Drepaiui binitria [hitmula), all Irom Surrey.
Mr. Barnett, on belialf ef Mr. Coppard, larvae of Cerwa fnrcula from Limps-
field. Mr. Step, larvae of Goneplery.v rhcnnni and cocoons of its Dipterous
parasite from \Vislej\ Mr. Edwards, conspicuous species of Exotic T/ieclidac,
S. American and Indian. Mr. Dennis sent natural history notes from Llanberis.
— Hy. J. TuiiN'i':u, Hon, luUtor of I'roceedinys.

ODONATA FEOM MESOPOTAMIA.

BT KENNETH J. ISIOBTOX, F.E.S.

iConclvded from 2>. 151.)

(Plate V.)

9. — Orthetrum sahina Drury.

A series of both sexes, May 2ikI to May loth and June 12th ;
August 17th Si September 12th, $ $ only, Amara {Erans) ; Deeemher
7th, 1918, 1 § , Ruz Canal near Shahral)an north-east of Baghdad
(^Evans).

The August-September examples appear to be quite fresh.

" First seen on May 2nd, 191S, on Masliarra Canal hanks. Not
particularly numerous then or since — about a score or so usually to be
seen. The species is difficult to catch. In life the pale bandings on the
body are of a pale slate- or Ijlue-gre}', which with the enlarged dark end
of the abdomen witlr white extremity (appendages) gives the insect a
fine appearance. When in flight it is particular!}- difficult to see. It rests
on stems of reeds and grasses growing in the shallow flooded parts of the
canal margin. The wings are spread and usually tilted slightly down-
wards from the horizontal" (o.v.l91S). "Common now" (27.V.1918).
Occasional specimens still to be seen in October and November at Amara
{Evans).

This species has a very extensive distribution— India and tlie far
East ; has also been taken in Somaliland, Suez, Syria, Cyprus, and
Turkestan, Mesopotamia is accordingly quite Avithin the limits of its
range, although it does not appear to have been previously recorded from
that region.

10. — Orthetrum trinacria Self's.
8 d" d and 8 $ $ from May 2nd to May loth, 1918, Amara
{Evans) ; 1 d , Qurnah, River Tigris, May 17th, 1918 {Buxton) ; the

184 [August,

localities 8])ecially noted bv Evans, margins of the Masliarra C'anal,
barley- fields near Cliahala below Amara, and large marsh twelve miles
below Amara. The specimens are all more or less matui-e, the males all
showing pruinosity, and the females also partially pruinose. Practically
all the specimens taken in the iirst half of May, but reported common
by May 27th. No further indications are given as to the duration of
the species beyond the remark by Evans (S.ix.lS), "None seen recently."

I think there can be no doubt about the identification of these
specimens with 0. triiiacria. They differ somewhat from Egyptian
examples in their opener venation ; in Ks-Espl there is not regularly a
double row of cells, but only occasional double cells. Excepting the old
Sicilian records, the distribution of the species as hitherto known has
been exclusively African, including Madagascar.

Evans, in lit. 5. v. 18, says: " First seen May 2nd, 1918, and is now
more abundant than O. sahiiui, but not very much so. A beautiful
creature in life, but very difiicult to obtain. It inhabits the same spots
and behaves in the same way as O.i^ahina, but the wings are held almost
horizontal. In life the male differs from the female in the latter having
green stripes on the thorax, which are absent in the male." (This
apjiarent dilfei'ence is probably due to the males being more pruinose.)

11. — OrfJietniw taeniolaium Schn.
3 $ $ , November 14th and 20th, 1918: on rocks, Table Mountain,
Jebel Hamrin, near Kuz {Ei-ans) ; all rather innnature specimens.

CROcoTHE^yris.

liis ( C'(j11. Zool. Sclys. Libelhdinen, p. 540 ), admittudl^yas a matter of
convenience, ti'eats (Jrocullirmis o'l/tlirard and ('. scrvilia as two separate
species, the former including those from the Western p;ilaearctic region,
eastward at least as fai- as Kashgar, and Africa with Madagascar ; the
latter those from India. Indo-Malaya to Celebes, New Guinea, the
Philippines, China, Formosa, and Japan.

The Western forms considered under G. erytliraea seem to be fairly
homogeneous, but a more puzzling complex is revealed when those asso-
ciated under C. servilia come to be dealt witli. McLachlan seems to
have tackled the problem repeatedly, and Avrote that he had again tried
probably for the seventh time, "but once again," he says, "1 have failed
to find any certain structural characters," adding, "some other investi-
gator may be more fortunate."

Kriiger (Stett. Ent. Zeit, 1902, p. 122) believed that a specific
difference existed, which, however, was still to be found. He suggests

1919.] 185

that C.servilla might be divided into a Northern (China- Japanese) and
a Southern (Indo-Malayan) race, the first of more considerable and the
second of smaller size of the abdomen and the wings. If in the future
no satisfactory specific distinction were found between C. servilia and
C. erythraea, then the latter must be considered as a third or Western
(European, West Asiatic, African) race of servilia.

It may be worth repeating Kriiger's remarks on the Indian forms
as having a close bearing on the examples from Mesopotamia : 1st, in
Bengal forms occur which thoroughly resemble those from Sumatra ;
'^nd, here {i.e. in India) the form G. soroi' Ramb., is at home, which,
according to Kirby, is common in Ceylon, India, and North-west India,
and which Kii*by calls the Indian form of C. erythraea, Brulle ; and,
3rd, also the real C. erythraea, Brulle, if not in India proper, present at
least in Kashmir, according to Calvert, and farther away in Central
Asia, according to Brauer (Turkestan, Jarbasch, Taschkent), Selys
(Turkestan, Lob Noor, Oase Keria), and Ris (Kashgar Darja).

Ris refers to examples from Nepaul and Assam as belonging doubt-
fully to O. erythraea or servilia, and he evidently regards as intermediate
forms Rarabur's type of C. soror and Kirby's soror from Murree and
Campbellpore and the same author's C reticulata, also from Campbellpore.
He sums up the results of his study of the C. servilia series in something
like the following terms. The possibility of a subdivision of this series
shows itself in the following way : («) the Himalaya examples {soror
Rambur) as a transition group to eryt^iraea ; (b) the great principal
group comprising Ceylon, India, Burma, Southern China, Formosa,
Malacca, and the Archipelago, out of which stands (c) the form from
Java and Lombok, distinctly marked by the reduction of the basal spot ;
(d) the form from Middle and Northern China {servilia typical), and
{e) the form from Japan, which is distinguished through its great size,
analogous to other insect forms from the same region.

In his table of the species of Crocothemis Ris (Coll. Selys, p. 533)
separates (7. erythraea and C. servilia thus : —

Wings relatively broader {e.g., hind wing 30, breadth at anal loop 10 nun.),
apex of wings of both sexes normally hyalin«. Abdomen of the (S scarlet-red,
of the 2 yellowish brown; without dark markiugs in the J, exceptionally
with dark dorsal carina of segments 7-9 in the $ C. erythraea.

Wings relatively narrower (e. //., hind wing 31, breadth at anal loop
9-5 mm.), apex of wings of S narrowly and of the 5 mostly more broadly
margined with brown. Abdomen of the d" red, of the $ yellowish brown ;
dorsal carina, at least on segments 8-9, mostly even further forward, darkened
with brown or blackish, more strongly in the $ ihau in the J .... C servilia.

1S6 [August,

In dealing- with the fonns of Crocotheiitis, an explanation of
indefinite conchi.sions regarding them is sometimes ascribed to inadequacy
of material. As, however, these insects usually bulk rather largely in
collections sent home, it is not, as a rule, dearth of quantity from which
difficulties arise, but rather from the want of exactly parallel series in
respect of age and quality of preservation. Further, no satisfactory
data are available with regard to size so far as this may be the result of
seasonal variation in the case of forms having two broods or having a
succession of emergences. Again, nothing is known, or appears to have
been written on the subject of variation in colour in connection with the
different terrestrial conditions in which the imagines live, e.g., whether
the duller reds in certain surroundings never become scarlet, or whether
the pale interalar and shoulder-stripes, which are usually evanescent, may
not in certain circumstances persist practically throughout life, as seems
not improbable.

The present collection is of im]X)rtanee inasmuch as it contains
examples of the genus taken in nine different months of the year. The
hiatus between June 29th and August 17th is unfortunate but intelligible,
Caj^tain Evans reporting a shade temperature of 115° F. on July 2nd,
rising to 119° more than once during that month, and on August 8th
that it was still too hot during the day for collecting.

12. — Crocothemis erijtliraea Brulle.

2 2 2, March 23rd and May 15th; 1 <S , April 28th, 1918, all
at Amara by Captain Evans. It may have been the same species to
which he refers in a note : " I saw yesterday, 21st April, a single
Grocotliemis, by the river downstream, which was of a beautiful crimson
colour. I could not obtain it however."

Without any previous knowledge of these insects, Captain Evans
seems at once to have detected the difference between this and the other
commoner form. He reports regarding the 6 : " Captured while
resting on a twig overhanging a rough well or pool in a palm garden by
the Masharra Canal. In colour the specimen was redder than any
others seen, and differs from other males in the following points : The
eyes were blue in the outer third of their surface, merging through purple
into the dark red of the remainder. No shoulder-stripe. The wmgs
without coloration at the tip, the venation of which is opener, slightly,
than in other specimens examined ; pterostigma shorter.'"

Of small size : Hind wing, c? 2 > 26 mm. ; length of abdomen, S .
23| mm. ; $ , 22 mm. ; anq. fore wing, 8^ ; part of discoidal field with

n.iR] 187

only two cells. The hamules of the 2ikI abdominal segment agree
with those of C. erytliraea. These specimens seem to belong to the
same form as the somewhat smaller ones recorded by Ris from Kashgar,
the measm-ements given by him being: d , hind wing, 24 mm.; abdomen,
21 mm. ; 2 , hind wing, 25 mm. ; abdomen, 21 mm. ; anq. 8^ ; and in
a majority of examples for a short distance only two rows of discoidal
cells, in some already only two cells at the triangle.

I have before me a <S from Quetta (hind wing 27, abdomen 23 mm.),
and % 6 6 (hind wing 26-27, abdomen 22-24 mm.), and 1 $ (hind
■p'ing 26i, abdomen 22 mm.) from Kerki, Bokhara, all of which are
referable to the same form, all agree in having 8| anq. and all excepting
the $ have part of the discoidal field with only two rows of cells. The
hamules appear also to be those of C erijtliraea, differing from the less
pointed hamules of those examples referred to below as G. servilia,
De Selys agreed that this point of distinction between C. erytliraea and
C. servilia was right, but it is to be noted that his statement was made
in connection with the large Japanese form in whieli I am inclined to
think the hamules are sometimes suggestive of those of G. erytliraea,
but the difference in this respect is very slight. In the younger phases
of this striking Japanese form the shouldei'-stripes, judging from a few
specimens before me, are hardly noticeable, and the wings are entirely
suffused with a yellow tint.

13. — Grocotkemis servilia Druiy.

A long series of both sexes, October 29th-November 12th, 1917 ;
April 5th-June 29th; August 17th-September 11th, 1918, all Amara ;
1 ?, Jebel Hamrin, N.E. of Baghdad, November 20th, 1918; 1 $
December 20th, 1 J December 31st, 1918, Kizil Robat nearer the
Persian frontier {HJvans) ; 2 $ $ , Qurnah, Kiver Tigris, May 17th,.
1918 (Buxton) ; Basrah, October 10th-14th, 1918, 2 d d ; October
22nd, 1 2 ; Long Island, R. Tigris, November 1st, 1918, 2 $ $
(^Barraud). Received later : 1 $, Basrah, October 10th, 2 $ $, Long
Island, November 1st, 1918 {Barraud).

Captain Evans states that this dragon-fly was fairly common when
he arrived at Amara in the end of October 1917, and it increased in
abundance till the cold weather in December, and the rains which com-
menced in that year on the 12th of that month put a stop to his
rambles. It was found chiefly about gardens, but might be seen any-
where, a favourite situation being among long grass (two to four feet)
beside irrigation ditches just on the outskirts of the palm groves.
He writes : •* On one occasion in the evening, I passed through about

188 [August,

four acres of such laud just below Amara and put up batches of eight or
ten or even more from each tuft of grass I -walked through. I could see
twenty or thirty easily in the air at once and there must have been many
hundreds in the few acres in question."

The following additional extracts from Captain Evans's notes
dealing mainly with the phases of colour in this species may be worth
quoting : —

20.iv.l918 : " This spring I have only seen three examples."

3.T.1918 : Describing a dragon-fly hunt in flooded ground at Amaru just
a quarter of a mile beyond the town on May 2nd, he says of this species :
" Occurs sparingly (comparatively), some being pale in colour (chiefly females),
others quite red."

5.V.1918: " Still not abundant only occasional specimens met with singly,
the females continue to be of a buff yellow tint, but the males are redder, some
quite deep red. The pale stripe on the shoulders is constant."

27. V. 1918: " Now very common. Males mostly bright red now, females
equally bright yellow with just a tinge of greenish. A few females are still
found of ochre colour and these, judging by the worn wings, are old specimens."

5.ix.l918: " Still frequent and in most localities. The majority are bright
coloured, the males deep red, the females more or less yellow. Recently a few
of the dull coloured, presumably teneral state, have appeared, all females, so far
as I have examined them. Can this mean that there is a spring and an autumn
brood ? "

5.X.1918: "During the last week or len days, while collecting all over the
place, I have seen only one (not very) red Vrocothenns, the quite numerous
other examples noted being all of the ocbreous tint sent last autumn."

The following notes are from the dried specimens : —

At the end of October and in November 1917 rather smaller speci-
mens occurred at Amara, somewhat buff-coloured, the thorax dorsally
browner so that the pale whitish or yellowish interalar line and shoulder-
stripes are in strong contrast, wings with only little trace of yellow at
the base, wing tips very slightly darkened, pterostigma yellowish to
reddish ; abdomen with a distinctly marked dorsal line in both sexes
and faintly flushed with red in the male which has also the face faintly
tinged with red. It seems pretty certain that these would never attain
the full coloration of the summer condition.

In April larger examples appeared with wing tips more distinctly
darkened, wings tinged with yellowish in the costal and subcostal fields,
basal patch more noticeable and abdomen more inclined to reddish.
By May the males had become much finer and redder, the face red, the
basal patch of hind wings large and darker, extending to the triangle or
nearly so in both sexes ; in most of the examples the shoulder-stripes

iyi9.] 189

continue to be well marked. In September, along with others Ix'aring
the summer liver}', pale examples again appeared. Females from Jebel
Hamrin and Kizil Kobat, dated November 20th and December 20th,
are of rather dingy colour but have still distinct shoulder-stripes.
A male from the latter locality on December 81st is very similar to the
autumnal males of 1917. Of two males from Basrah, one, October 10th,
1918, may be regarded as of the summer condition noted above ; the
other, October 14th, is less mature and in some respects approaches the
Amara autumnal examples, although the basal patch of the hind wing is
Lirge and distinct, and the wing tips rather more extensively darkened;
the females (Basrah and Long Island) are also more dingy, but this may
be to some extent a matter of preservation. [The three females received
later from the same source are of the autumnal form, that of October
10th being subteneral.]

I have no hesitation in including these Mesopotamian examples with
the C. servilia group of forms, and I note that Mr. Campion has for-
warded the Basrah specimens under the same name. They no doubt
find their proper place next to the Indian C. servilia, and the summer
examples come sufficiently near examples before me from Pusa, Bengal,
and Deesa, which again agree fairly well with Rambur's description of
C. soror, although it is not to be implied from this that I regard these
examples as transition forms towards C. erytliraea, that being Dr. Kis's
view of the status of G. soror after an examination of Bambur's tj^pe.

Amara specimens measure :

c? , hind wing 27-81, abdomen 23-26 mm.

$, „ 28-31, „ 22-25 „

Anq. 9^-10|.

The autumnal specimens usually the smaller.

In the Indian examples which I have examined the anq. are
normally 10|-11|.

14. — Diplacodes Jefehvrei Ramb.

5 c? d & 2 2 2 , September 5th-10th, Amara ; 1 d" , 1 ? , November
28rd, 1918, Jebel Hamrin {Evans); 1 6, October 22nd, 1918, Basrah
{Barrand),

Does not appear to have been noticed before September, although on
the 5th of that month some males were already quite black, while others
on the 10th still show the markings sharply. The late examples are
fullv mature.

]^g() ■ [August,

Evans remarks (.J. ix.l91S) : " This insect does not sit in the same
perky position as Selysiothemis nigra with the ahdomen turned up at
an angle of ahnost 45° to the plane of the wings. The three seen to-day
sat low down near the ground, the abdomen not being elevated at all."

With the exception of the male from Jebel Hamrin, all the above
specimens are of rather small size, the length of the hind wings being
only about 19-20 mm. Kis lays stress on size in comparing this species
with D. nebulosa, but the measurements just quoted are hardly in excess
of those of the latter species. Structural differences between the two are
not clear, and there remains only the well-defined dark wing apex of
D. nebulosa contrasted with the diffuse clouding and that not always
present in the mature male of I), lefehvrei.

15. — Sympetrum ilecoloratum Selys.

A series ( S 6 and 2 2) from Amara, November 8th-24th, 1917,
and May 2nd-6th, June -Ith, and October 19th, 1918; also 6 6 and
2 2 Jebel Hamrin, November 17th-22nd, 1918 {Evans); 1 6 Qurnah,
May 17th, 1918 {Buxton) ; S S and 2 2 Basrah, October 22nd,
November lst-25th, 1918 {Barraud).

First observed by Captain Evans on November 7th in an open space
in a palm garden on the Masharra Canal close to Amara. They were
sunning themselves on the leaves of the date palms and were lively and
difficult to catch. The males were, when seen at a distance, red on the
dorsal surface and easily distinguished, when resting, by this. During
the following few weeks stray specimens were seen in other pahii gardens,
but the numbers observed (probably several hundreds) together at their
first appearance were never again met with that season. With regard to
the spring emergence, Evans (5. v. 1918) writes: "The weather suddenly
became much hotter on May 2nd. This species and Orlhetrtim sabina
and O. trinacria appeared together on that day. Both 6 and 2 are,
when alive, yellowish in colour ; the 6 rather more deep in colour than
the 2 1 which tends to have a greenish tinge. The sexes can usually be
distinguished even on the wing in this way, and are about in equal
numbers ; though on the day they were first seen they were for the most
part separated, the females being mostly in a different locality from the
males. Yesterday I was in the fields h'ing between the palm gardens
and the flooded margin of the Masharra Canal, forming an irrigated
strip about 50 to 100 yards wide — just as the sun set. Suddenl}', as the
direct rays ceased, there arose from the vegetation a cloud of this dragon-

1919.1 1<^1

fly as numerous as midges in a swarm appear, or like the flakes of snow
in a snowstorm. Seen against the dark palm trees the effect was a sight
never to be forgotten. During the day the individuals, Avhich are rather
soft and flimsy, rest among the grass and willows and other bushes.
To-day, while coming through a small clump of willows at dusk in the
same locality, it suddenly struck me that some idea of the enoiTnous
numbers of these insects might be conveyed by the number which could
be netted in the air at one sweep. I was surrounded with branches, but
took one sweep from right to left at about four feet from the ground
and covering a space of about two yards only, owing to the bushes.
When I came to count the contents of the net I was surprised — there
were 26 specimens in it ! They were about equally numerous all round
for several hundred yards in all directions. Words fail to convey the
effect." 6.V.1918 : "I checked the number caught at one sweep of
the net by taking and counting four sweeps to-day by the Tigris,
five miles down-stream. The counts were 10, 11, 12, 19. As my net
had five holes, each as large as or larger than a five-shilling piece, and
the bottom was knotted to hold it together at all, it is likely as many
escaped as were counted. This dmgon-fly is equally abundant wherever
one goes, in gardens and by the river. It is a pest, as its swarms distract
the" eye from any other moving insect."

Barraud also refers to the red colour of the males taken by him at
Basrah in October and November.

The examples from Aniara in May are more or less teneral, and
there is nothing in the material or notes to show what happens in the
life of. the species until more mature individuals appear in October and
November.

Ris (Coll. Zool. Selys, p. 029) notes variation in the valvula vulvae
of the female from certain localities. Bartenef (Faune de la Russie,
Insect. Pseudoneuropteres, tol. i, livr. 1, p. 317) treats Ris's species as
a form of S. vulgatum und6r the name of vulgatum-Jiavum, reserving
the name decoloratum for a form of striolatum. In reviewing my own
small material I am inclined to think that there may be two decolorate
forms included, the more robust looking from Van being very likely a
form of vulgatufii, while others from Quetta and the Caucasus resemble
those from Mesopotamia now under consideration. Similarly it may be
suggested tliat the $ figured from Amasia in Coll. Zool. Selys, p. 630, is
not the same as the 6 from the Malatia, the latter being the trae
Mesopotamian form, while the 5 ma}' be viilgatum-Jlavum the same as
the examples from Van.

192 [August,

1(3. — Symjjetrum striolatum Charp.

2 $ $ November 23rd, 1918, Jeb-el-Hamrin, near lluz, slope of
dry watei'course {Evaiis).

17. — Sympetrum fonscolomhii Selys.

A small series of both sexes from Amara, June 5th, August 27th,
August 29th, and September 10th, 1918 {Evans). A S S.vii. and
$ 27.viii. are both rather immature and have a large saffron patch in
hind wing reaching into the triangle and up to the triangle respectively.
The other examples more mature, the face and abdomen of the males
becoming red and the basal patch in hind wing of both sexes much
reduced.

No special notes accompany the examples of this species, but Evans,
writing on September 10th, makes this remark : " Evidently a late
summer and autumn insect."

18. — Brachythemis fuscopalliata Selys.

A series of both sexes from Amara, April 7th to May 18th, 1918
{Evans) -,66, April lOth-May 1st, Amai-a ; J 2 , Qurnah, River Tigris,
May 17th, 1918 {Buxton).

Evans writes, 20.iv.l918: "This species is not as yet common.
I saw one example hovering over one of the waterways at Basrah {Magil)
last autumn (on October 20th). On 7.iv.l918, a single S was brought
to me by one of my men from the banks of the Tigris about four miles
down-stream. I have seen (on 9th and 10th) four more there but could
catch none." — 3. v. 191 8 : Describing a dragon-fly hunt near Amara on
May 2nd : " Scores of the graceful Brachythemis, the males alone with
their black patched wings, and rather fewer of the more difficult to
detect females." — 5. v. 1918: "Now very abundant in several localities.
On the Masharra Canal as many as four males may frequently be seen on
one small tuft of grass rising above the water. The females are equally
abundant. Males with almost immarked Avings occur." — 5.X.1918 :
"The only one noticed in the autumn of 1918 was a 5 (apparently),
near Amara on October 1st."

Reported to be fond of sitting on willow twigs overhanging the
water usually. The wings are outspread, but slightly tilted above
the horizontal. The black patches show up wonderfully and the poise of
the creature is suggestive of haughtiness. A wire fence in a palm garden
by the Tigris was also a favourite settling place ; others were taken by
the side of a pool in a garden by the Masharra, and by pools and

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hon. N, Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated by Eight Platea
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THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

(ODONATA or PARANEUROPTERA)
By R. J. TILLYARD, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., F.E.S.

Demy 8to. pp. xii + 398. With 4 plates and 188 text- figures. 15s net.

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CON.TENTS.

PAOK

Contributions to a Life-History of Taruciis mediterraneae Betbiine-Baker (con-
cluded) (ivifh six- 2:>^afes).—T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.B.S., and Capt. P. A.

Bunion, F.JE.8., R.A.M.C 169

On the taxonomy of the Histeridae. — G. Lewis, F.L.S 11 'i

Leptura rubra L. in Norfolk. — H. J. Thouless 17i

On a new species of Antonina (Coccidae) from Ceylon (with fujv/re).—E. E.

Green, F.Z.S ^...r. 175

Gnophomyia tripudians Bergroth : a new British fly — F. W. EdKcu'ds, B.A.,

F.E.8 , ,., 17G

Another note on the -habits of Melanojihlla acuminata T>e Geer — 0. C.

Chamirion, F.Z.S , 177

Aleuonota «gregia IRye and Ocypus cyaneus Payk. in Norfolk. — M. Cameron,

M.B., n.N., F.E.S. ... 17?

Coleoptera of the Brighton district (concluded).'^G. B. E.tile 1 7«

Some Coleoptera taken in Somersetshire. — C T. 0''" ^v-'i'm 173

Calosoma syoophanta L. at Exmouth.^Uds 180

Andrena dorsata K. and A. simQis Sm. stylopized. — B. C. L. Perldns, M.A.,

D.Sc.,F.E.S 181

Sirex juvencus L. in New Zealand. — G. V. Hudson, F.E.S ,131

Note on the " nymph " of Melampsalta cing'ulata. — Id 181

Insects and Fungi on Grass Land. — Eds 181

Society. — South London Entomological Society .. 182

Odonata from Mesopotamia (fOHh'/nfi?,-?). — K. J. Morton, F.E.S 183

THE NATURALIST:

A MONTHLY ILLUSTRATED /OUENAL OF

NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND

EDITED BY

T. SHEPPARD, M.Sc, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., F.S.A.Scot.,
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.<pirj of Co',,"^

fEPl519l

Em. Mo. yixa., IDlil. Pi.vtk V

LARGE MARSH 12 MII-KS BELOW AMARA.

I'/iofo. ir. E. Evans.

iminiiiij I — •— - iiiTiiiBmMWiliBiiiii*^

Photo. E. ViuU.
HABITAT OF SELYSWTHEMIS NKUIA— RIGHT BANK OF TIGRIS ABOVE AMARA.

1919.]

193

ditches in fields near Chahala below Ainara. An interesting cai)ture
was a mature $ at light in Captain Evans's room at Amai-a on
May 18th.

Kis (Coll. Zool. Selys, p. 585) says that in B. leucosticta the
dark postnodal band seems to be wanting in the quite freshly developed
6 ; it appears at first as of less extent and as a clear greyish brown
cloud, and only attains its definite extent and full colours gradually.
It is not altogether clear from the material in hand that the S of
B.fuscopalliata passes through precisely the same phases, as in a com-
yjaratively teneral condition the dark patches are present altliough not
sharply defined nor highly coloured. Our material is also not quite
convincing that males occur with almost unmarked wings, although one
male which appears to be fairly mature shows mere indications of the

Y

1'

' ■ ■ •

:Ji

r -^ ' ----

^IflJ

■ ■ , 1

1 1

i
i

L

/;

■ ___,j'

, i

Fig. 3. - Bmch ijthemis fusco2mlliata. Apex of abdomen of 9 seen from beneath.

darker patches in the shape of a faint yellowish suffusion out of which
the dark venation stands prominent.

The females much resemble the young males in colour of the body;
front and vertex greenish with a blackish line in front of the ocelli ;
labium and back of the head vellowish. Thorax olivaceous with rather
indistinct median lines, and with forked ante-humeral lines, the outer
branch of the fork about half the length of the inner ; lateral sutures
narrowly black and vague traces of other dark markings ; legs pale lined
with black, the lines on posterior femora and tibiae on the inner side

-I q^ [September,

sometimes partly broken tip into linear dots. Wings entirely hyaline,
venation pale to the nodus and arculus. Abdomen above with blackish
median and lateral lines, the lateral varying much in breadth and some-
times interrupted at the distal end o£ the segments up to the 8th ;
segments 9, 10 black above. None of the females shows any trace of
dark patches on the wings ; in B. leucosticta females exist with dark
banded, as well as others with hyaline Avings.

19. — Trithemis annulata Beauvais.
1 (J , October 14th, 1918, Basi-ah (Barraud) : immature.
The British Museum possesses a series from Muscat, so its occurrence
at Basrah is hardly a sui-prise.

20. — Ti'ith einis fesfiva Rambur.

1 2 ) November 29th, 1918 : Dry watercourses, Jebel Hamrin
(Svans).

21. — Selysiothemis nigra Lind.

A long series of both sexes from Amara April 10th to April 28th,
May 4th, June 29th, August 26th, and September 6th to 27th {Evans) ;
April 9th, 10th, and 28th, Amara, and May 17tb, 1918, Qurnah
{Buxton).

Immature specimens to the end of April, but even as early as the 10th
of that month, some of the males had begun to take on their dai"k
coloration. Fully mature specimens in May and June. In August
and September immature examples again appeared.

There would thus appear to be two broods, or two separate periods
of emergence, in the year, the examples taken in the second being of
smaller size than in the earlier.

April-May: Length of fore wing, 6 27-28, $ 27| ; abdomen, 22 ram.
September : Length of fore wing, J 23, 5 22|; abdomen, S 19, 5 17 mm.

Captain Evans writes: "On April 11th, 1918, I visited some fields
of young grain just outside the perimeter wire and saw hovering about
the barley patches large numbers of this species, these being practically
the first observed. Since then they have been very numerous everywhere,
especially about open cultivated ground, where they rest on grass stems,
flower heads (especially Carduus marianiis and a species of Cniciis
resembling pycnoceplialus), etc. They are easily caught, not being
V'jry vigorous on the wing, and not flying far or fast.— 5.V.19JL8 : " Still
abundant, but numbers slightly reduced, the males frequently darker in

191&.]

195

colour. May be found by the water-side, but prefers open lickls and
drier places. Sexes equally abundant."

24.ix.18 : A few remarks on the numbers of SelysiotTiemis nigra
seen by me on September 17th on the desert land about four miles down
the railway from Amara may be of sufficient interest to warrant my
detailing them. The ground for miles at the locality in question, Avhich
is some distance from the river, is perfectly flat, baked hard by the sun,
and quite uncultivated but traversed by numerous deep irrigation-
channels with steep sides about four feet deep, along the margins of
which large ridges are formed by the excavated mud. At present these
channels, which run at right angles to the river at intervals of from
100 to 400 yards, are quite dry ; they, carry water earlier in the year to
the barley-growing land some distance farther from the river. The
parched ground is here sparsely clad with desert vegetation — an annual
and a perennial Suaeda, a very mealy dry Airlplex, a few stunted
Tamarisks along the channel margins, and a Snlsola ; with a fair
amount of acacia scrub and camel thorn, are all there is for miles.
The ground has no crust of salt showing on the surface, nor is there
any seen on the dry Avails of the channels. I observed great numbers
of the Selysiothemis all along the railway, on the embankment of wliich
I was somewhat precariously motor-cycling. I therefore halted, and
from where I was, endeavoured to estimate their numbers. I noted that
the dragon-flies were resting on the telegraph-wires, as a flight of birds
often does, sunning themselves with raised abdomens as is their wont.
It was very difficult to count tliem against the glaring sky, but I easily
made out thirty-six on one wire between one post and the next — there
were almost certainly more. For the sake of my ej^es I merely glanced
at the three remaining wires to assure myself that there Avere about an
equal number on these also ; and at adjoining lengths of Avire, Avith the
same result. It is therefore certain that at least 140 of these insects
(I saAv no other kind) Avere ])erched between each telegraph-post and the
next for miles. In addition they were to be seen in numbers resting on
any tallish branch of the vegetation Avithin vicAv."

This peculiar insect is, as Kis states (Coll. Selys, p. 1042), one of
the most remarkable objects of the European di-agon-fly fauna, llecorded
from southern Italy in 1825 and Catalonia in 1878, it remained unknoAvni
otherwise until Kis described a series from, Kashgar Darja in 1897.
Since then Bartenef has recorded it from Amti Darja, Turkestan, Bok-
hara, Persia, Afghanistan, the Caucasus; also Kis from the Algerian
Sahara; and more recently Campion ("Entomologist," vol. li, p. 128,

iq/» [September,

1918) reported its captui-e in Macedonia by Waterston. Although
therefore the mystery that surrounded the species so long has now been
dispellfd, the record of its occurrence in Mesopotamia, where it appeal's
to be so much at home, forms an interesting addition to what is already
known about its distribution.

The lower illustration (jn Plate V shows the nature of the habitat of
S. n/'f/ra.

13 Blackford Road, Edinburgh.
April 1919.

PosTSCETPT.— ^Since the foregoing was written, Captain Evans has
forwarded additional material taken hj him at Basrah, on his way home,
bringing up his captures to over 4(50 specimens. Included are the two
species of Ischnura, ^. ^^rtr/Z/f^o^^f, O. sahina, O. trinacrta TApril 1st),
two species of Crocotliemis, D. hfehvrei (March 27th-April 1st), and
T. anmilata (a fine series, March 26th-29th). The additional examples
of the small Grocothemis call for further examination, and may prove to
be a race of C. erythraea worthy of a distinctive name on account of
their peculiar neuration, which is apparently darker, and other characters.
It should be noted that in /. evansi when the Sth segment is fully visible
there is a narrow black line on the anterior margin and traces of a finer
line on the posterior margin.

ON THE CAPTURE IN FRANCE OF SEVERAL RECENTLY DESCRIBED
BRITISH COLEOPTERA.

BY COLONEL J. SAINTE-CLAIRE DEYILLE.

During the last fifteen years I have paid special attention to the
numerous descriptions of new British beetles, mainly published in the
"Entomologist's Monthly Magazine." As our French fauna has a close
relationship with that of Britain, my own material has been revised from
time to time, and I have often succeeded in finding examples agreeing
with the descriptions, or identical with co-types which have been sent to
me for examination.

Owing to my occupation with war duties for nearly five years,
the notes are incomplete as to recent work, but I think it desirable to
give this provisional list of Continental records and observations about
these British insects.

Tachys ivaJkerianus Sharp. — This species does not require discus-
sion. I took it freely in April ISStJ, on sandy paths of the " Foret de

I9U).] 197

Chateauroux," Indre ; it is not uncommon in similar situations in the
well-known Foret de Fontainebleau.

Bradycellm sharpi Joy. — Seems to be widely distributed in northern
and western France. I took it at Yport, Seine-Tnferieure, and in the
" Foret de Boulogne " ; M. Degors has sent me specimens from
Bouquelon, Eure ; and I have also seen it from the following localities :
Marly, Seine-et-Oise (O/i. Brisouf) ; L'Home, Orne {Bedel); several
Socalities in the neighbourhood of Nantes {Ed, de Vlsle). — A very
distinct species,

Olophi'um nicholsoni Donisth. — The French specimens of fuse urn
Grav., which I recorded twelve years ago from the vicinity of Soissons
(* Faune du Bassin de la Seine,' ii. p. 44) are really O. nicholsoni. I
have no French record of the true Jii sen i/i.

Bledius secerdendus Joy {? subiiiffer 0. Schneid.). — I have taken
exclusively typical specimens of secerdendus in Western Brittany,
especially near Roscoff and Begmeil, Finistere. But amongst numerous
series from Northern Germany, Belgium, and Northern France, I am
unable to separate it satisfactorily from arenai-ius, the two insects
occurring together with intermediate forms ; the characters given seem
to vary by degrees and to become insensibly evanescent. On the coast
near Le Croisic, Loire- Inferieure, I was surprised to find again unmixed
and very typical arenarius. At St.-Gilles-sur-Vie, Vendee, the species
is absent and replaced by its allied B. tristis Aube.

Gabeius Steph. — I have worked specially on this genus, according to
the directions given l)y Dr. Sharp and Dr. Joy, and have succeeded
in finding in France seven of the eight species mentioned by the British
authors (incl. nigritulus Grav. and frossultis Nordm.) ; only G. hishopi
has hitherto escaped me.

G. trossulus Nordm. seems to occur specially on peaty ground;
I have taken it at Pontarlier, in several localities in the Dept. Aisne, and
in the extensive marshes south from Etaples, Pas-de-Calais.

G. nicfritulus (sensu Sharp). — Extremely common everywhere in
France.

G. stipes Sharp. — Ambleteuse, Pas-de-Calais ; a single J •

G. velox Sharp ( —primigenius Joy). — Not very rare, especially in
flood refuse; taken at Gudmont, Haute-Marne, at Toul, Meurthe-et-
Moselle and near Folembray, Aisne. I have received it from the Island
of Sylt, Northern Germany. *

G. pennatus Sharp. — Generally distributed and rather abundant
throughout France, chiefl\^ on sandy banks of rivers and in flood refuse.

198 [September,

G. Ji-n/s/'aiiiis Sharp. — Sand}' shore near Ambleteuse, Pas-de-Calais;
three specimens, J 2 .

G. appcnJleuJfttus Sharp. — I have taken tliis species in the wet moss
o£ a small alpine lake, near St. Etienne-de-Tinee, Alpes-Maritimes, at
about SUOO ft. elevation.

In the present genus I have always found the form of the penis
absolutely constant and to conform strictly to Dr. Sharp's descriptions.

Qtiedms s/thaj)icalis Joy. — I have not yet seen any specimen of
this species from France, but it occurs in the mountains of Corsica
and Algeria.

Q. hammianus Sharp. — This Qnedius is a well-known one on tlie
Continent, where it has a southern and western range ; it is, of coui-se,
chiefly a coast insect. It has been described previously under the names
of: ;?r?//?):>es Lucas, from Algeria ; simplicifrons Fairm., from Corsica;
and hispanicus Bernh., from Spain. I have taken it in Brittany (Iloscoff,
Le Croisic) and on the Mediterranean shore (Antibes, St. liajjhael).
Whether it is really a distinct species or a southern and macropterous
form of molochinus I am not able to decide. In any case it must take
the name oi pallipes Luc.

Gyrophaena eonvexicoUis Joy. — Among hundreds of G. hici-
diila Er., occurring in fungi on old stumps of willow and poplar at
Vitry-le-FranQois, Marne, I have detected four specimens of this very
distinct species.

Myrmecoj)ora hrevipes Butl. — I have taken this species in some
numbers under seaweed in Jersey (beneath Gorey Castle), at Begmeil,
Finistere, and Le Croisic, Loire-Inferieure. The true M. uvula Er. does
not occur in France north of the Islands of Re and Oleron.

Hydraena hritteni 3oj. — Besides the specimens taken in the neigh-
bourhood of Arleuf, Nievre, and already recorded by Dr. Joy, I have
succeeded in finding numerous examples near Epinal, Vosges, among
dead leaves at the bottom of a ditch of fresh and somewhat current
Avater.

Laccobius purpurciscens Newb. — This beautiful small Hydrophilid
has been met with only in the neighbourhood of Castres, Tarn, by
M. Galibert, who has recently recorded the precise location of his
captures (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1916, p. 270). One of the spots is on red
sandstone, as in Devon.

Laccobius ytenensis Sharp. — Generally distributed and common
throughout Northern and Central France ; further, in Northern

1919.] 19J)

Spain {Paganetti-Htimmler); recently recorded from Belgium by
M. d'Orchymont.

Cercyon {Cerycon) sternal is Sharp. — I have, under the name
" subsulcafics Rey," numerous specimens of a little Cercyon which
agrees with Dr. Sharp's description ; it lives in marshy places in various
localities, from Douai and Boulogne to Hyeres and Antibes. I presume
that Cerycon sternaUs Sharp is synonymous with C. subsulcatus Rey ;
but as Dr. Sharp does not allude to the last-named species, a direct
comparison would be necessary for elucidation.

Bryops anylicanus Edw. (Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1919, p. 78). —
As was foreseen by Dr. Sharp, this very distinct species occurs in
Northern France. I have taken half-a-dozen specimens in the extensive
marshes near St. Josse (south from Etaples, Pas-de-Calais).

Cryptophagus fowleri Joy. — Dr. Joy has recognized his species in
one specimen I took many years ago in the "Foret de Haute-Sere," near
Fourgeres, Ille-et-Vilaine.

JEnicmus histrio Joy. — This Lathridiid seems to be much rarer in
France than in Britain. Although my attention was called to it, I have
during the War taken only one specimen, and that was found in the
neighbom'hood of Folembray, Aisne.

GnatJioncus nidicola Joy. — I have an old specimen, captured by
myself in the " Foret de Senart," twenty miles south-east from Paris,
in September 1885. It was taken recently in some numbers by M. du
BuA'sson at Brout-Vernet, Allier, chiefly in old birds' nests. Dr. Auzat
has recently described from the same locality a fourth species,
G. hiiyssoni (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917, p. 184), that I have not yet
seen.

Cantharis dariviniana Sharp. — Recorded some yeai-s ago from the
Belgian coast by the late M. Bourgeois (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1886, Bull,
p. cxli). I have seen a nice series, S ? , from the Isle of Sylt, Northern
Germany, taken by Mr. C. Stock.

Anaspis yarneysi Fowl. — Not uncommon on hawthorn blossoms in
May and June around Boulogne-sur-Mer. I have bred it from old
timber (elm and poplar) of my own garden. Further, I captured
formerly one specimen in the Alpes-Maritimes at about 3000 ft. elevation,
and saw another from Compiegne, in M. Bedel's collection.

Qalerucella fery ussoni, Fowl.— On three different occasions I have
captured specimens of a Galerucella feeding on Comarnm palusfre L. :
June 1911, in peat mosses near Pontarlier ; August 1912, on the banks

2QQ [September

of the Lake of Retournemer, Vosges ; August 1918, at Hardelot, Pas-
de-Calais. At Retournemer larvae were in plenty on the leaves of
Comarum, with imagines. Among hundreds of specimens there is a
certain proportion of small and very dark ones, quite identical with my
Scotch example of fergussoni ; but, on the whole, size and colour seem
to be extremely variable. It seems probable that the GalernceUa of
Comarum is a distinct species from that found on Nymphaea, but I am
not quite sure that it is really separable from G. sagittariae Gyll. I
ma}' state here that many Galenicinae present in their ethology a
ciu'ious instability, various species of the same genus, even variovis races
of the same species, feeding on very different plants. An intei'esting
contribution to these facts has been recentl}^ published by my friend
P. de Peyerimhoff : it is the natural histor}' of Galeruca violacea, an
Algerian beetle feeding equally on Pulicaria and Rumex {cf. Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr. 1915, p. 34). Analogous observations are reported on certain
species of the genera Bromhis and Graptodera.

Bari/pithes .dupUcatiis Keys. — ^This species and B. p&llKcidifs have
in France separated areas, and they do not occur together. B. diij>li-
catus has a marked western range: 1 know it from Mortain, INTanche;
Pennes ; Morlaix and Brest, Finistere ; G-uerande, Loire-Inferieure, and
Limoges. At Boulogne-sur-Mer and in the vicinity of Niort I have
found only pelhicidiis, which, of course, is a very common beetle in
Northern and Eastern France, extending to AVestern Germany.

Anfhonom^is ri/hi, v. comari Crotch. — I took a specimen of this
curious small weevil at Hardelot, Pas-de-Calais, where it probably feeds,
as in England, on Coinaritm palustre L.

k?t. Leonard par Poiit-de-i>riques (I'as-de-Calais).
Jidij 1919.

SOME XOTES ON CETONIA AURATA.
BY K. Cr. I5LA1B, B.Sc., F.E.S.

Baring the month of July the handsome Rose Chafer {Cctonia
aurata L.) was very abundant on the island of St. Mary's, Sci]l_y,
though strangely enough its distribution appeared to be practically
limited to the immediate coast on the eastern side of the island. Here
the insect was in numbers, during the early part of the month upon the
tlower-heads of thrift, but when this began to get over it preferred the
flowers of the wild carrot and bramble. Occasionally a Chafer would
fly past in the sunshine, but for the most part they were engrossed in

1919,] 201

feeding, and did not often take flight. They would, however, readily
do so when picked off a flower. It was observed that in flight they do
not open tlie wing-cases, but keep them closed on the back, the wings
being put out through the einargination of the sides of the elytra. When
taking flight the elytra are i-aised a little above the abdomen to allow
more ready egress to the wings, but Avithout opening at the suture,
so that the operation is accomplished with remarkable suddenness.

Considerable variation in size and colour was observed, some indi-
viduals being perfectly green, others of a coppery-golden tint, these
differences being quite irrespective of sex. Three specimens were found
of a shining black colour, faintly tinged with bronze. This is apparently
the var. nigra Gaut. of the European list, but the form does not appear
to have been hitherto noticed in the British Isles.* These three specimens
are females, and they were all taken off thrift on the same headland,,
two of them on one day and one a few days later. Further search failed
to discover any more, though the normal form was plentiful enough.

One example noted, though unfortunately it flew away while under
observation, was remarkably hairy. This, I imagine, must have been a
freshly emerged individual that had either passed the winter in its cocoon
before escaping from it, or hibernated as a full-grown larva. It is not,
however, the case that all freshly emerged specimens are more strongly
pilose. Those now emerging from cocoons obtained in Scilly are not
abnormally hairy.

During the early part of the month it Avas noticed that the sexes,
v/ere about evenly represented ; but later males ajjpeared to become
scarcer. On July 24th 22 specimens were collected from a small
bi-amble-bush, all females but one. Only one pair was observed in cop.
during the whole time. Whether these females had oviposited or not
was unfortunately not ascertained.

On the same date a breeding colony was discovered under some
granite boulders partly overgrown with grass and thrift, the boulders-
being piled together on an open tract of grassy ground close to the sea.
On turning over one of them, the earth beneath was found to be loose-
and friable, containing many loose fragments of granite, and largely
composed of the pellets of excrement discharged by Getonia larvae.
In rummaging amongst this loose material some young larvae were
flrst found, apparently not long hatched, and later a number of full-
grown larvae and cocoons, some of which contained the white, i-ather-
flaccid larvae awaiting pupation, others containing Ww honey-yellow
pupae. Turning over other adjacent stones showed that these conditions.

* I have taken this and various other forms in the same locality at Vizzavona, Corsica. — G. C. C.

202 " [September,

extended over an area of .some yards, though other stones revealed only
ants' nests, of three different species*, with not a trace of Cetonin.
Numbers of ants were found in the friable earth wdth the Cetonia, but
the larvae could not be said to be in the nests. Subsequently, further
colonies of the Cetonia were found, in each case under bouldere, and
usually with the ants also present. The larvae of Lacon murim(s were
also to be seen in considerable .numbers, and they were probably preying
upon the young Cetonia larvae.

These notes obviously refer to quite different conditions from those
described by Mr. Hamui f and Mr. Donisthorpe J. These Scilly larvae
were certainly not feeding in rotten wood, but probably upon the roots
of the thrift and grass, or upon the dead vegetation that accumulates in
such situations. Formica rufa was not present, and though there were
the other ants mentioned, the beetle larvae were not in the nests and the
association maj/ not have been more than accidental. (It is also men-
tioned, be it noted, by Curtis, " Farm Insects," p. 108, but so accurate
an observer as Fabre does not allude to ants in connection with Cetonia.
According to this observer the beetle oviposited and the larvae fed in
heaps of rotten leaves.) The Scilly colony bore every appearance of
being a permanent one, containing successive broods year after year ;
at any rate, evidence of three different broods was found when the nest
w^as examined, viz., young larvae {prohahly from eggs laid this year) ;
full-grow^n larvae and pupae (no intermediate stages) ; empty, vacated
cocoons and fragments of dead beetles (?". e. of the brood now in evidence
that matured last summer).

These observations, together with the accounts previously published
of this insect, seem to indicate that the life-history of the Eose Chafer
is somewhat as follows : —

First year. — Eggs laid in early summer hatch and the larvae
hibernate fairly j^oung.

Second year. — Larvae attain maturity, pupate, and beetles emerge
in August, though sometimes perhaps not leaving the cocoon until the
following spring. It may be that two years or more are spent by
the larvae before attaining maturity, but no evidence of intermediate
stages was discovered in the colonies observed by me. Mr. Hamm has
shown that some apparently fully-fed larvae in a brood may pass through
another winter before pupating, but the imagines from these will be out
with those that have hibernated as beetles.

* Myrmi'a scabrinodis Nyl., Tetramorium caespitum L., and Lativsjlavus Fab.
t Ent. Mo. Mag. 1910, p. 137.
I Ent. Record, 1904, p. 301.

1919.1 203

Third year. — After hibernation, according to Fabre, pairing takes
place, and the eggs are laid in June. The fact of my finding young
larvae towards the end of July is quite in agreement with this state-
ment ; but there is some doubt whether oviposition always takes place
so soon after pairing, or whether another year does not elapse between
these two acts. The isolated act of pairing observed by me as related
above may merely have been very belated, but other specimens kept in
captivity by Mr. Hugh Main were found pairing freely in August, thus
suggesting that the female may have to pass through another winter
before laying her eggs. This is a point that Mr. Main hopes to settle
shortly.

Biitisli ^ruseura (Nat. Hist.), S.W. 7.
Anyust 20th, 1919.

LA8IACANTHA CAPUCINA Germ. A TINGID BUG NEW TO THE
BRITISH LIST.

BY E. A. BUTLER, B.A., B.Sc., F.E.S.

Mr. J. H. Keys is the fortunate discoverer of this interesting
addition to the list of British Hemiptera. In June last he obtained about
a score of specimens on the cliffs at the Lizard, Cornwall, and they
occvirred on the known food-plant, wild thyme. Mr. Keys says: "The
insects were taken off thyme, b}^ ' brushing ' with my hand plants
growing by a pathway ; by this method the insects were knocked into
the path and then collected; they were not abundant, at most three or
four examples in a cluster of the plant." Two specimens also were
taken at the roots of plants on a big boulder about a mile away across
the Downs.

Lasiacantha was erected by Stal in 1873, as a sub-genus of TIngis ;
the next year he made it of generic value. By some later authors it has
been merged in Monanthia (s. latiss), but it is now generally regarded
as a good genus, of which four Palaearctic species are known. The genus
has not hitherto been represented in our British fauna ; it belongs to
that section of the Tingididce which has the rostral channel formed by
the bucculae closed in front. It may be distinguished by having the
lateral margins of pronotum and hemielytra furnished with setigerous
denticles. L. capucina is dimorphous, having both macropterous and
brachypterous forms, the latter of which appears to be far the commoner,
and to it all the specimens taken by Mr. Keys belong. The macro-
pterous form is of the elongate shape which we are familiar with in

204 [September,

MonantJiia, but the brachypterous has the oval outline which such a
condition usually produces and with which we are familiar in Acnlypto.
A sjjeeimen in the British Museum is intermediate between these.

L. capiicina Germ,

Head black, with five forwardly directed straight ocbreous spines; pro-
notiim black, with anterior vesicle, three discal carinae, and raised side margins,
ocbreous, the latter with setigerous denticles which are often indistinct, so
that it appears to be merely ciUated ; bemielytra ocbreous, discoidal area with
4-5 series of meshes at the widest part, costal area with two rows of meshes,
the dividing lines of the outer row black, lateral margins with distinct setigei'ous
denticles; whole of upper surface strongly pilose, hairs curved at the end;
antennae with first two joints brown, third ocbreous, fourth black, third about
2\ times as long as fourth; femora brown, tibiae and tarsi ochreous, claws
black ; underside black.

Length, brachypt. '2\-2^ mm ; niacropt. -§-3 mm.

The species lias been recorded from France, Germany, Switzerland,
Italy, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Rumania, S. liussia, and the Caucasus.

Douglas & Scott, in their " British Hemiptera," include it, as
Monantlda capiicina, amongst the "reputed" British species (p. 619),
so that in their daj^ there were apparenth^ rumours of its occurrence in
Britain, but no autlientic specimens were known, and it is satisfactory,
therefore, to be able now to place the species definitely on our list.

I am indebted to Mr. Keys for kindly presenting me with some of
his captures.

14 Drylands lioad, Ilornsey, N. 8.
Au(/Jist 1st, 1919.

LYGAEONEMATVS WESMAELI Tischb., A HITHEKTO UNRECORDED
BRITISH SAWFLY (FROM YORKSHIRE).

BY THE nEV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., r.Z,S.

In August 1917 information was received at the Pathological
Laboratory, Kew Gardens, that " the larch Saw Fly " was attacking
larch-trees (aged about 14 years) in woods belonging to the Arncliff
Estate in Yorkshire. Mr. Fryer asked that specimens of the larvae
should be sent to him, and these were reared in the Laboratory, the
imagines beginning to emerge by the end of May 1918.

It was expected that these would be examples of Lygaeo7iematns
laricis Hartig ; but when they were sent to me for identification. I

1919.] 205

found that they did not belong to that species, but to another of the
same genus which has not yet been recorded as British, namely X. toesmaeli
Tischb. ( = so/eff Vollenh.). Mr. Fryer has kindly given me a pair of
them for my collection, and has also placed specimens in the Natural
History Museum, S. Kensington.

The two species may be easily separated by differences both of
coloration and structure. L. laricis is a very dark-bodied insect, in fact
almost entirely- black both above and beneath ; while in both sexes of
icesmaeli the pale yellowish underside of the body contrasts remarkably
with its black dorsal surface. For this reason v. VoUenlioven called it
solea, fancifully comparing its coloration to that of the fish so named.

In all the specimens submitted to me (3 cf d and 2 $ $ ) a large
black patch covers the entire ocellar and vertical areas and spreads down
into the occiput, completely filling the latter, but leaving the tempora
and orbits pale. The thorax (except its yellow pronotmn and tegulae)
and practically the whole abdomen are also black above, and there is
a little oblique black streak on the mesopleura, just below the insertions
of the wings. But all the rest of the body — the whole face below the
antennae, the orbits, tempora, prothorax, pleura, breast, ventral surface
of abdomen, etc. — is pale luteous. So, too, are the antennae and legs
almost entirely, but the former are slightly clouded above (especially
their basal joints), and the tarsi (except the claw-joint) and, in the $,
the extreme apex of the tibiag are black (in tlie hind legs only). The
wings are clear, with brightly flavous stigma and costa, and the rest of
the venation pale yellowish brown.

In structure, the two species belong to different sections of the
genus. L. icesmaeli belongs to the group containing pini, saxeseni, etc.,
in which the fovea on the apical dorsal segment of the cJ abdomen is
rounded rather than angular at its base, and the saw-sheath of the $
(viewed laterally) is sharply truncate, not rounded at the apex. It
differs from the other members of that group, («) by its very transverse
vertical area, many times more broad than long ; {b) by its compara-
tively parallel-sided $ abdomen, this being only very slightly compressed
towards the apex ; and (c) by the disapjjearance (as in JPrisfiphot'a) of
the 1st cubital nerve. This character is very unusual in Lygaeonematiis
spp., but appears to occur regularly in specimens of ivesmaeli.

In L. laricis the apical fovea on the cS abdomen is angled at the
base, the $ saw-sheath is rounded at the apex, and the 1st cubital nerve
is regularly present.

L. icesmaeli has hitherto onlv been recorded from Germanv and

206 [September,

Holland, and even in those countries is said to occur very rarely. I have
never seen a Continental specimen of it myself. Nor have I seen the
larva, hut it is said to diifer from that of laricis in not having a white
line on each side of the dark central dorsal strijje, or " food-canal."

July iQth 1919.

3Iemorinl to the late Frederick Die Cane Godinoji, D.C.L., F.li.S. — A.
Committee lias been formed under the chairmauship of Lord RotbscJiild,
F.li.S., to establish a memorial to the late Frederick Du Cane Godman, F.R.S.,
in ackuowledginent of his lifelong devotion to the interests of natural history
and in grateful testimony of the many valuable benefits conferred by him in
promoting the study of natural science in this country. At a meeting of the
Committee held at the Natural History Museum on the .30th April last, it was
resolved that the memorial should take, primaril}'^, the form of a bronze tablet
with medallion portraits of Mr. Godman and of the late Mr. Osbert Salvin,
Mr. Godman's lifelong friend and collaborator in all his scientific enterprises,
and that this tablet, with a suitable inscription, should be offered to the
Trustees of the Bi'itish Museum, to be placed in the Natural History Museum
at South Kensington. The Committee hope to be in a position to do something
additional to perpetuate the memory of Mr. Godman, by helping to establish a
less local form of memorial. It is the intention of Dame Alice Godman and
her two daughters to found an Exploration Fund in the interests of the
Natural History Museum. For this purpose they have offered to establish a
Trust with the sum ol £5000, the proceeds of which are to be devoted to
making collections for the advancement of science and for the benefit of the
Museum. This fund is to be called the " Godman Memorial Exploration
Fund." Dame Alice's project has met with the warm approval of the
Trustees of the British Museum. The Committee, therefore, propose that any
amount received by them over and above that required for the bronze tablet
shall be added to the Exploration Fund. They also hope that this may form
a permanent basis for future donations and bequests for the same purpose.
Mr. Godman's work is too well known to need any lengthy exposition. The
"Biologia" certainly constitutes the greatest single work in natural history
even planned and carried out by private individuals, and rivals such national
undertakings as the " Challenger Report," which, of course, was financed by
the British Government. The whole of the vast natural history collections on
which the "Biologia" was based were presented by Messrs. Godman and Salvin,
and (after the death of Mr, Salvin) by Mr. Godman, to the nation, unfettered
by any stipulations, and these collections are now in the British Museum of
Natural History. But Mr. Godman's services to science do not rest alone on
the publication of his great work. The value of his gifts to the Natural
History Museum, apart from the "Biologia" material, must amount to many
thousands of pounds, and he was ever ready to help any undertaking for the
henelit of his beloved science. An appeal to him invariably brought forth a
favourable response. The Committee confidently ask for funds to carrj'out the

iai».] 207

%2lierae outlined in tliis circular. Contributions should be sent to Mr. C. E.
Fagan, Hon. Treasurer, Godman Memorial Fund, Natural History Museum,
Cromwell Koad, London, S.VV. 7. — Eds.

Note on the getm-a Phucobius Sharp and Orf/ndus lley {Staphylinidae). —
Sharp in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1874, p. 35, founded the genus Phucobius
for a maritime species from Japan, describing it as simulator. Hey in Ann,
Soc, A^ric. Lyon (4) viii. 1875, p, 339, founded his genus Orthidus on
Philonthus cribratus Er., a species found on the Mediterranean coast in salt
marshes. To Phucobius properly belongs Oci/pus contp-uus Walk,, from
Ceylon, and a comparison of this insect with Orthidus cribratus shows that there
is no structural difference whatever between this genus and Sharp's Phucobius,
-s*hich having priority stands. So far as is known, the genus appears to be
entirely maritime. There are two examples of conf/ruus Walk., from Ceylon,
in the Lewis Collection in the Natural History Museum, South Kensington,
bearing the label " Horton Plains, 6000 feet " ; but on the lower surface of the
mount is written " sea-weed," and a-: it is not probable that sea-weed would be
found at that altitude it would appear that the locality -label is incorrect. — ■
M. Cameron, 7 Blessington lluad, Lee, S.E. 13 : August 10th, 1919,

Adimonia oeJandica Boh. in Dorset. — On July 2.5th, 1919, I captured a
specimen of this interesting Galerucid flying low over the Playing Fields, Sher-
borne School, Sherborne, Dorset. — E. J. Pkarce, The Lodge, Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge : August 5th, 1919,

Lytta resicatoria L. in Norfolk and in the Isle of Wight. — Several living
specimens of this species have been sent to the Natui-al History Museum bv a
cfirrespondent at Feltwell, Norfolk, where tliey were reported to be defoliating
an ash-tree. They were fed on lilac, and three or four batches of ova were
obtained from them. In about a month's time the latter hatched and the
young triungulins were provided with eggs and pollen-masses from the cells of
Andrena nitida and Halictus spp., but this diet was not acceptable to them,
and, though some lived for about a niontli, the attempt to rear them was not
attended with any success, A single individual of the same species was taken
on the wing during the present season near Sandown, I. W., by Mr. Hug-h Main. — •
K. G, Blair, British Museum (Nat, Hist.), S.W,7 : August 20ih, 1919,

Atheta inhabilis Kr. and A. valida Kr. in Berkshire. — I took a solitary
example of A. inhabilis Kr. near Wellington College, from under the loose
bark of a decayed pine log on June 29th. This species, which was introduced
to our fauna by Dr. Joy as Epipeda nigricans Th. (Ent. Mo. Mag. xlv, 1909,
p. 268), and subsequently (Ibid, xlvii, 1911, p. Ill) corrected bv him, has
hitherto only been recorded from Scothxnd. Close by I found a female of
A. valida Kr,, kindly identified by Dr, Cameron, on June 8th, among the damp
ashes of burnt pine tops. — G. W. Nichoi>son, Oxford and Cambridge Club,
S.W.—Julg 24th, 1919.

Some Coleoptera taken in So7nersefshire : a cm-rection. — In the list inider
this heading in the last number of the Eut, Mo. Mug. (August 1919, p, 179)

208 [September,

there is unfortunately an incorrect record. Mr. E. A. Newbery drew my
attention to the improbability of Hydremia palustris occurring in Somerset,
and, on re-examination, I find the specimens so labelled to be H. testacea Curt.
My thanks are due to him for enabling me to correct the error at once. —
C. T. GiMiNGHAM, Long Ashton, Bristol : August 18th, 1919.

A few Insects in the New Forest. — A hurried visit of three or four
days to Lyndhurst on July 25th produced a very few interesting species ; but,
as a whole, insects were not numerous, and assiduous working produced far
less numbers than in Suffolk at this time of year. Limenitis sibylla was
worn but still abundant in the enclosures, with Lycaena aegon on the heaths at
Ringwood and Matley. Satyrus aegerla was as frequent as in 1895 {cf. Eiit.
Mo. Mag. 1895, p. 192) ; it is now become quite extinct in Suffolk, where
I have not seen it in thirty years' collecting. In all we noted twenty-five
species of butterflies. Choerocampa elpenor and Bonibyx riibi larvae were rare ;
but imagines of Fseudoterpna cytisaria, Eubolia paluinbaria, and Gelechia
ericetella were common among heather ; and Pyrausta purpuralis was every-
where. The dragon-flies were represented by Orthetruni caerulescens and
CorduU'(/astei- (mnulatiis, both rarer than in August 1901 (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag.
1903, p. 25) ; and the only other conspicuous Neuropteron seen was Calopteryx
viryo. Platycleis braehyptera was not rare in bogs at Matley and Bratley ;
Nemobius sylvestris, whose song we at first mistook for that of Cicadetta
montana [cf. Entom. 1911, p. 333), and Ectobia panzeri were comnuui ; but we
saw nothing of Mecostethus grosstts. Beetles were distinctly scarce, and I never
saw so few Lougicorns here ; nothing but Strangalia armata iu plenty, and one
S. nigruy Anomala frisehi,yv\th. green elytra, was in a sand-pit by Matley Bog,
where Sjyhindus dubius occurred in a black fungus on a felled tree ; Cryptv-
cephalus labiatus and both sexes of C. pusillus were on Myrica in Boldi'ewood ;
and Gonioctena viminalis on sallow ; Orchestes iota was not very common on
the above plant at both Boldrewood and Matley ; and Ilylobius abicfis was
lying under every felled pine log. The only really local Coleopteron was a
pingle Pliitypus cylindms J, new to ray collection; this was walking busily up
the inside which faced west of a ten-foot high dead oak stump in the
" Cicada paddock" at 11 a.m. (Greenwich time) on 26th ; Fowler, v, p. 45?,
gives as localities Windsor, Shipley, New Forest, Monmouth, Herefordshire,
and Scarborough ; with no addition to these in the Supplement. Two un-
coniujon Hemiptera were Pilophorus peiylexus on Myrica yale at Boldrewood,
along with numerous Oliarus leporinus, new to me, and recorded by Edwards
onl}^ from Clifton, Lulworth, Purbeck, and Ryde ; the latter was also found on
tlie same plant at Matley Bog. Macrodevia micropterum, Atractotomus mali,
Idiocerus distinguendus, Pediopsis virescens, and Callipterus bettdicola were
noted. The larger Diptera were scarce with the exception of Tabanidae ;
these attacked us with considerable eclat, and we thinned out Haenmtopota
pluDialis, Theriojilectes distinguendus, Tabanus buvinus, T. brumius, and T. macu-
liconiis, Atylofus fulvns, Chrysops caeeatiens ; but saw neither C. quadrata nor
Anthrax fetiestratus, hoth of which used to occur at Matley Passage. Dolichopus
atratus,Piptmculus unicolor, Criorrhina oxyacanthae (I took C. floecosa in Denny
Wood in 1911 and at Newport in W^ight in \d07 ) , Sericomyia borealis, Rud
Chrysotvxuni bicinctunt were all distinctly rare, with a single Alophora hemi-

1919.]

209

ptera. Metopia argyrocephdla and Sphixapata conica occurred at bees' nesta in
sand. But most disappointing; were the Hyraenoptera : the only notable
Ichneumon was Anisobas hostilis, whereof a single specimen exactly as the
former is recorded in my Ichn. Brit, i, p. 211, on 28th; the Chalcids, Comys
scutellata on Myrica in Boldrewood and Tn'yo?ioderus princeps on a bored
hawthorn in Ashurst Wood are worth mention. In the Matley sand-pit
Fossors abounded : Pompilius riifipes, P. plumheus, P. spisms, Salius exaltatus,
Amnwphila campestins, Psen eqnestris, Oxi/belus unighimis, Crabro pitbescens,
and a single C. signatus. Vespa rufa and norveylca were captured, and hornets
were not rare ; and in the above sand-pit were a few Sphecodes subquadratus
with abundance of Andrena aryentata, thons^h none of their inquilines. —
Claude Morley, Monks Soham House, SulFolk : August 1919.

Hemiptei'a, etc. in the New Forest. — The following species of Ilemiptera
have been captured by myself in the New Forest during the past three weeks —
J)rymus piceusFlor {= Lamproplax sharpi D. & S.)*, several specimens, mostly
more or less immature, Plociotnerus fracticollis Schill., sparingly [P. luridus
Hahn was not to be seen this year, though I have taken it freely from
Sphagnum in the Forest in October], Notochilus limbatus Fieb., one example,
Aug. 7th, Pachycoleus rufescens Sahib., rarelj', Ceratocombus coleoptratus Zett.*,
one specimen, and Hebrus pusillus Fall, and H. rujiceps Thorns., both in
abundance — all in Sphagnum or wet moss ; Cryptostemma alienum H.-S., in its
usual habitat on the banks of streams. Coleoptera were practically over for
the season, owing to the excessively hot weather in the earlier part of the
summer, and two species only were taken that are worth noting — Pselnphus
dresdensis Herbst*, very sparingly in Sphagnum, and Epurnea angustula Er.*,
one example in a Cossus-infected oak. The handsome A.cridiid Meco»tethiis
yrossiis L. was seen on the bog on Acres Down on Aug. 14th. The species
marked with an asterisk have not been recorded from the Forest, so far as I
am aware. — G. C. Champion, Horsell : Avyust 18th, 1919.

The South London Entomological and Natural Hlstory Society:
July \Otk, 1919.— Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Moore exhibited Pyrameis atalanta from Dunedin, Florida. Mr.
Sperring, a series of suffused specimens of Brenthis euphrosyne from Lincoln-
shire, a bred series of Mimas tiliae, including ab. centripuncta, ab. suffnsa, and
other forms from Blackheath. Mr, Barnett, a large locust sent from Gibraltar
alive. Mr. Coppard, several of the larger British saw-flies. Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams, aberrations of Pieris rapae. Mr. Humphries, larvae of Lymantria
dispar from Holland, larvae of the Solonion-seal .«aw-fly, and aberrations of
Aglais urticae and Vanessa io. Dr. liobertson, short series of New Forest
"pugs," Eupithecia, and a fine series of Cleora ylahrana bred from New
Forest larvae, including one with a minimum of marking bred from a perfectly
black larva. Mr. Edwards, Papilio species from S. America of the uscciniua
group. Remarks were made on the scarcity of butterflies this season.

n-iA [September,

Jttly 24th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Sparring exhibited aberrations of (1) Brenthis euphrosyne with spots
coalesced to form solid lines ; (2) Pararge aegeria, underside with primrose
markings and extended ventral blotch, another with very dark snffused under-
side ; (3) Amorpha populi, very dark unicolorous specimen, and a series with
wide aberration in banding and in colour. Mr. West, the beetles Onthophagus
taurus from Malta and Gibraltar, and O. nutans from Epping Forest. Mr. Main,
living 2 glow-worms from Delamere and the Isle of Wight, the former only half
the size of the latter. Mr. Ash, a Sirex gigas taken in the Strand. Mr.
Edwards, species of Papilio from S. America of the protesilaus section.
Mr. Carr, pupa-cases of Chattendenia xo-album in situ on the undersides of the
leaves of wych elm. — Hy, J. Turnkr, Hon. Editor of Proceedings.

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA OF BEITISH GUIANA.

BY G. E. BODKIN, B.A., DIP.AGRIC. (CANTAB.), F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Government Economic Biolog-ist, British Guiana.

(Published by the permission of the Director of Science and Agriculture,
British Guiana.)

In common with the other families of Insects from this British
Colony, very little is known as to the actual species of beetles and less of
their habits and life-histories. The only previous attempt to draw up
a list of the known species with which I am familiar is that by
Schombui'gk* ; scattered references to British Guiana Coleoptera are
widel}^ distributed through the world's entomological literature.

The present paper is based on eight years' collecting and observations.
The collecting has been largely performed by myself, often during spare
time as opportunities have occurred and also whilst on official visits to
different parts of the Colony. The collection preserved in this laboratory
consists of about 2,300 specimens and 264 named species. The identifi-
cations have been made in nearly every instance through the agenc}- of
the Imperial Bureau of Entomologj^ ; a few have been performed in the
United States National Museum through the courtesy of Dr. L. O.
Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of
Agriculture.

I am indebted to the following gentlemen for specimens and in some
cases observations : — Messrs. K. Ward, K. Service, E. M. Morgan,
A. A. Abraham, L. D. Cleare, Jnr., C. C. Dowding, P. M. De Weever,
W. G. Claxton, H. W. B. Moore, and W. D. Cleary.

* Richard Schombiugk, Faiuia und Flora von Britisch-Guiana. Leipzig, 1S48.

1919.3 211

Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Ento-
mology, has very kindly given me much assistance in the matter. Where
only one specimen of a species has been collected or where information
concerning the habits, life-history, etc., is lacking I have given the
locality of collection.

CiCINDELIDAE.

Odontochila chrysis Fabr. — Yarakita, N.W. District.

O. marginefjutta Dej. — Occurs in high grass and readily takes to
flight. Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

O. hatesii Thoms. — This species appears to use its wings more than
its legs. Common in some interior districts.

O. cayennensis Fabr. (hipiinctata Fabr.). — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

O. cliiriquana Bates. — Upper Mazaruni R.

Cicindela hehraea Kl., var. — A maritime species. Common on the
sands of the foreshore in vicinity of Georgetown. Very difficult to catch
owing to its quick erratic flight.

C hemichrysea Chevr. — Issororo, N.W. District.

Caeabidae.

Pheropsophus aequirioctialis Linn.— A common species espeeiall^^ in
the interior. On being violently disturbed it ejects, with some force
from the anal extremity, a small cloud of liquid which in contact with
the human integument produces a dark brown stain very difficult to
remove. A strictly nocturnal species ; during the day it lurks beneath
stones and logs of wood, sometimes in small communities

Tetragonoderus variegatus Dej. — From dry sandy foreshore. Suddie,
Essequibo.

Agridia guyanensis Chaud. — At artificial light. Issororo, N.W.D.

Lia sellata Dej.- — Agatash, Essequibo R.

Leptotrachelus dorsalis Fabr. — Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

Dytiscibae.
Megadytes giganteus Cast.- -Georgetown. Xot a common species.
M, laevigatus Oliv. — Paraweeka Creek, Essequibo R.
M. fraternus Sharp. — Georgetown. Frequently attracted to arti«
iicial lights.

TTiermonectes marghiegHttattts Aube, — Georgetown.

22^2 [September,

Hydbophiltdae.

JLyclropliihts atei- Fabr. — The common Hydrophilid of British
Gruiana. At certain seasons of the year appears in large numbers
attracted to tlie arc lights in Georgetown.

Staphtlinidae.
Osorins hrasiliensis Guer. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Paederus columhimis Lap. — Issororo, N.W.D.

HiSTEKIDAE.

TAoilerma quadridentatum Fabr. — This beetle is predaceous on
other species of insects. It has been observed to attack the larvae of
the sugar-cane borer {JDiatraea saccharalis F. ). It occm's commonly.

Ho7nalodes sobrinus Er. — Issoi'oro, N.W.D.

Temnochilidae.
Temnochila chalcea Kirsch.— Rockstone, Essequibo R.

Coccinellidae.

Megilla maculata DeG. — Observed to be predaceous on the larvae
of the Rice-Caterpillar, LapJiygma frugiperda S. &. A. Common on
the coastlands.

Hyperaspis festiva Muls. — Predaceous on the Coccid Pseudococcus
sncchari Ckll. Occurs commonly.

H. octopustulata Fabr. — Predaceous on the Coccid Pseudococcus
saccluiri Ckll. Occurs commonly.

H. trilineata Muls. — Predaceous on the Coccid Pseudococcus
' sacchari Ckll. Occurs commonly.

Brachyacantha 10-p7tstulafa Melsh. — Predaceous on a species of
Pseudococcus (undet.). An uncommon species.

Salyzia divisa Fabr. — Appears to be found on a species of Puccinia
fungus on the Canna plant.

Azya trinitatis Mshll. — Predaceous on the Coccid Aspidiofiis
destructor Sign.

. A. pontihrianti Muls. Predaceous on the Coccid Saissetla hemi-
spTiaerica Targ.

Cryptoynatlia nodiceps Mshll. — Predaceous on the Coccid Aspi-
diotus destructor Sign., also on the early stages of Aleurodicus coccis
Curtis.

1919.) 213

Neda dili/cJinis Muls.— Predacpous on the CocciJ Aspidiotus
destructor Sign.

N. conspicillata Muls. — Skeldon, Berbice.

Curinns coeruleus Muls. — Uncommon. Botanic Gardens, George-
town.

Pentilia insidiosa Muls. — Predaceous on the Coccid Asterolccaniitm
bamhiisae Bdv., also on Pseudococcus citri Risso.

Erotylidae.
Aegitlms clavicornis Linn. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Cyplierotylus dromedar/its Lacord. — Onderneeming, Essequibo.
a elevatus Fabr.— Issororo, N.W.D.
Zonarius indicus Herbst. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Morphoides tricinctus Dup.— Onderneeming, Essequibo.
Homoiotelus umbonatus Lacord. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Pselaphacus curvipes Guer. — Issororo, N.W.D.
P. gigantem Germ. — Issororo, N.W.D.
P. jntncticolUs Guer. —Issororo, N.W.D.

ElSRBOMTCmDAE.

AmpMx cinctus Fabr. — Onderneeming, Essequibo.

scarabaeidae.
Copiukab:.
Eurysternus planus Dalm. — Koriabo Creek, N.W.D.
Gmithon triangularis Drury.— A common and widely distributed
species. Frequently found in proximity to dung or carrion.
a quadriguttatus 01.— Suddie, Essequibo.
a sordidus Harold.— An uncommon species from the interior forest

regions.

Pinotus lucasi Harold.— Upper Mazanini K. (Nov. 1916, G.E.B.).

Phanaeus festivus L.— Occurs only in the interim-. All the speci-
mens in this collection came from the Paraweeka Creek, Essequibo R.

P. lancifer Linn.— This handsome species is only encountered
within the forest area. Paraweeka Ci-eek, Essequibo R.

Gestrvpinae.
Athyrens ea-cavatus Cast.— Issororo, N.W.D.

21^4- [September,

OliPHXINAB.

Aer/idimis (juianensis Westw. — Suddie, Essequibo.

ApHODIIjVAE.

Ataenius opaciis Harold. — Taken on one occasion in a trap-light,
Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

Melolonthinae,
Barybas bifoveolatus Curt. — Mazaruni K.

Dynastinae.

Megasoma actoeon L. The largest beetle in British Guiana and of
fairly common occurrence all over the Colony. The male, in average-
sized specimens, has a wing expanse o£ 8 inches and a total body length
of just under 4^ inches. As far as I know no one has yet succeeded in
definitely establishing a relationship between certain immense Scarabaeid
larvae which are occasionally found in trunks of decaying forest trees
and the adult form of this beetle. They are the largest Coleopterous
larvae found in the Colony. The female is smaller than the male and
has no horns. I once succeeded in keeping a male alive for several
weeks on a solution of sugar and water which it readily imbibed.

Strategus aloeus Fabr. — This beetle is a pest of young coconut
palms in the Colony. It has been given the local name of "cockle."
Only the adult beetles actually damage the palms. Plants up to about
two years old are damaged by the adults boring down into the soil in
close proximity to the roots and gradually destroying them and the
heart of the palm itself. They often penetrate to a depth of several
feet. It is usual in large plantations to employ a man whose sole duty it
is to watch for " cockles " and destroy them either by carbon bisulphide
or by pouring a quantity of water down into their burrows which causes
them to come to the surface. The species is widely distributed all over
the Colony. The larvae are usually found in small colonies in the
decaying stumj^s of trees.

The following note concerning the larval and pupal stages has been
made by Mr. L. D. Cleare, Jnr. : —

" Larvae from Mango root brought in 19.vii.lo. Placed in jar contiiiniiig
leaf mould. Buried itself. Moistened from time to time. Pupated 22-23 x.lT)
about 3 inches below the surface on the bottom of the jar in a cell about
iixlf inches. The cast larval skin was packed close in one end of this cell
and was at the caudal extremity of the pupa when the cell was opened. The
pupa appeared to lie most of the time on its back.

1919.] 215

The pupa is a yellowish-brown (burnt sienna) colour about the thorax, the
abdomen being lighter. On the prothorax the three 'horns' are quite noticeable,
the cephalic one being best developed and standing out about | inch. The elytra
are thick and bent under, almost covering the underwings. A fine median ridge
extends down the thorax. A double row of very large spiracles dov^^n the
centre of the abdomen. These spiracles are very noticeable objects, there being
apparently tw^o pairs to each segment except the 1st, 6th, 7th, and 8th, where
there are but a single pair. They lie adjacent except on the 8th segment
■where they are about | inch apart. The claspers are large and bear a dark
brown piliferous area on the dorsum. The head is slightly bent under the
thorax, the mouth-parts being well formed. On the underside the strong legs
are, however, the most noticeable. The first pair are brought close up .against
the head, while the second pair lie partly over the wing-cases. Where the
femora of these two pairs of legs meet they form a raised circular area. The
third pair extends from beneath the second pair of wings, which, on the
underside, are about | inch longer than the elytra. On the tibiae of the first
pair there are four teeth, and while the iecoud pair of tibiae also possess these
they are very poorly developed. The underside of the abdomen is pale
yellowish, being darker between the segments. There is a very distinct woody
odour about the pupa."

The larvae must live for a considerable time. They are occasionally
eaten by the Aboriginal Indians of the Colony.

S. jugurtha Burm. — An uncommon species from the interior.
Bartica, Essequibo R.

JPkileiirus q^iadrituherculafus P.deB. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

P. valgus Linn. — On two occasions this beetle has been taken from
coconut palms, one of which was suffering from "Bud Rot." Occurs also
in the interior districts.

P. didymus Linn. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Gyclocepliala suhsignata Burm. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

C. ovulum Bates. — An uncommon species and widely distributed.

C. hicolor Linn. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

C. dimidiata Burm. — A common species on the coastlands. Strongly
attracted to artificial lights.

C. lunulata Burm. — A fairly coinmor. and widely distributed species.

C. gravis Bates. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

G. castanea Oliv.— Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

C.fulgurata Burm.^ — Upper Mazaruni R.

Ligyrus ehenus DeG. — A common species often taken at electric
arc lamps in Georgetown. On one occasion an adult beetle was discovered
to have bored its war into a full-grown stem of sugar-cane. Widely

216 r September,

distributed. KnoAvn locally, in common with all black similarly-shaped
beetles — regardless of exact species — as " hardback."

L. tumulosus Burm.— An uncommon coastland species. Occurs
commonly in the West Indian island of Barbados.

Di/scinetus geminatus Fabr. — A common species at the arc lamps
in Georgetown. On the advent of heavy rains especially after drought
swarms of these beetles appear at artificial lights and often cause serious
inconvenience at the dining table and other social and domestic functions.
The larvae apparently breed in the decaying vegetable matter at some
distance below the surface of the soil. Many thousands are destroyed
by a heavy fall of tropical rain which floods the land. Occurs also in
the interior.

D. lidentatus Burra. — This beetle is a pest of sugar-cane. The
adult form bores into the stems and rooting systems. They are more
prevalent at certain times of year than others. It is only during recent
years that this insect has developed into a serious nuisance. As many as
38,000 of these beetles have been collected by gangs on one sugar estate
during one year. The life-history occupies about 100 days.

Mr. Harold Moore, a local entomologist, has investigated the life-
history. He Avrites as follows : —

" The ' hardback ' eggs are milk-white and globular, their shortest and
longest diameters at the time of batching being about 2 mm. and 2| mm.
respectively. A few days earlier they may be 1| mm. and 2 mm. At time of
deposition they are probably a good deal smaller even than this. They are
laid in the earth about the cane stools at a depth of about 2 to 5 or 6 inches
below the surface. At the close of the incubation period the young larva can
be discerned in a curled attitude through the esg-shell, the red mandible «
being very distinctly visible.

Thft newly hatched larva is white, with red mandibles, and short reddish
hair. The head soon becomes yellow. Shortly after feeding begins the larva
becomes darker owing to the contained earthy matter being visible through its
transparent skin. Eggs obtained on 23rd were hatching on the 29th and 30th
of the month, but they had probably been laid some days before I got them.
The legs are six in number, rather long and slender.

The adult larva is dirty white, save the posterior end which is dark brown
to almost black on account of the accumulated excrement. The segments are
wrinkled and clothed with short reddish hair, while the head is yellow. The
duration of the larval life is not known, but it probably extends to several
months.

The pupa is enclosed in an earthen cell, rough externally but smooth and
neat internally. The duration of this stage is also not known, but is probably
short as compared with that of the larva."

A SYNOrSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Odonata from Mesopotamia (conchtded) {with Plate). — K. J. Morton, F.E.S. ,.. 193
On the capture of seTeral recently described Britisli Coleoptera. — Col. J Rainie'

Claire Deville ... 196

Some notes on Cetonia aurata. — K. O. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S ,^, . , .' . . 200

Lasiacantha capucina Germ., a Tingid bug new to the Britisli List. — E. A, Butler,

B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 203

Lygaeonematus wesmaeli Tischb., a hitherto unrecorded British Sawfly (from

Yorkshire).— Bew. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 204

Memorial to the late Frederick Du Cane Godman, D.CX., F.E.S.— Eds 206

Note on the genera Phucobius Sharp and Orthidus Eey (Staphylinidae). — if.

Cameron, M.B., E.N., F.E.S 207

Adimonia oelandica Boh. in Dorset. — E. J. Pearce 207

Lytta vesicatoria L. in Norfolk and the Isle of Wight.— ^. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S. 207
Atheta inhabilia Kr. and A, valida Kr. in Berkshire. — G. W. Nicholson, M.A.,

M.D., F.E.S 207

Some Coleoptera taken in Somersetshire: a correction. — C. T. Girtiingham ...... 207

A few insects in the Ne-R- Forest. — Claude Morley, F.Z.S. 20S

Hemiptera, etc. in the New Forest. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. .. 209

Society. — South London Entomological Society 209

Notes on the Coleoptera of British Guiana.— G. E. Bodkin, B.A., F.Z.S. '.''. 210

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1019.1

2V

Oxi/liffi/rus zoilus Oliv. — Attracted to artificial lights. Issororo,
N.W.D. The adult beetle performs very considerable damage in this
district by boring into the fully grown tubers of Tar-ias (Colocos/n
xanthosoma).

Stcnocrates lahorntor Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

RVTELINAE.

Pelidnotn cayrnnrnsis Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

P. virescens Burm. — Issororo, N.W.D. '-^^''jsonian

Anticliira convcxa Oliv. — Hills Estate, Mazaruni R.

Eutela lineola Bates. — On the coastlands a common species of
phytophagous beetle. Usually found in small clusters which readily
take flight. The species varies considerabh' in its yellow markings.

R. lineola Bates, var. Itistrio Sahib. — An uncommon variation of
lineola taken in the vicinity of Christianburg, Demerara River.

Macraspis cJin/si)i Linn. — This phytophagous species is often

ti'oublesome to cultivated plants such as mangoes, roses, etc. Occurs

almost exclusively within forest area. Widely distril)uted, generally in
small communities.

31. splendida Fabr. — A rare species. Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo 1{.

Anomala limhaticollis Blanch. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

A. andalafa Melsh. — Tumatumari, Potaro Ji.

Lagoclule lipunctata MacL. { = hrunnea Perty). Issororo, N.W.D.

Cetoxiixae.
Gt/mneiis maculosa Oliv. — A rare species. Botanic Gardens,
Greorgetown.

G. lifurafa Oliv. — Canje Creek, Berbice.
G. ocellata G. & P. — Georgetown, Demerara.

Passalidae.
Nelens puncfif/er Serv. — A common and widely distributed species.
Invariablv found in decaying stumps of trees, both on coastlands and
also within forest area. Always in small colonies of a dozen or so.
Both larval and imaginal forms stridulate violently on being disturbed.
On a casual inspection the larva appears to have only four legs. A closer
investigation shows that the posterior pair are imperfectly developed

u

^13 [October.

and apparently used for stridulating purposes. One of the commonest of
Bi'itish Guiana beetles.

^ BUPIJESTIDAE.

Euchroma hunteri Sharp. — A common species of Buprestid espe-
ciall}' in the interior. It takes flight readily during the da}^ if disturbed
and flies strongly with a loud humming sound. The Aboriginal Indians
frequently make necklaces of the elj^tra. On one occasion I was for-
tunate to secure the eggs of this beetle from a specimen sent in captivity
from the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown. Two small clusters of about a
dozen each were deposited. In shape they were stoutly cigar-shaped,
with one end slightly truncated, and in colour pale creamy yellow. The
mass was enveloped with a sticky secretion with which they were glued
down to the surface of the box. The surface of the ova bore slight,
uneveid}^ shaped reticulations. Length 6'00 mm., breadth 3"50 mm.
Several larvae hatched from these eggs but none survived.

Stenogaster linearis Linn. — A fairly common species on the coast-
lands. I have alwaA's taken it on a plant known as Black Sage (Cordia
auhletti).

Acteiiodes nohilis Linn. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.

Psiloptera hirtomaculata L. & G. — East Bank, Demerara R. A
rare species.

Agrilus setipes Chevr.— Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

Eucnemid.Tj.
Fornax mendax Bonv. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

Elateridae.

Chalcolepidius striatus Linn. — A widely distributed species of
common occurrence.

Pijroplioriis noctilucHs Linn. — This well-known luminous beetle is
frequently met with in the forest area.

Atractosomus plebeius Cand. — Issororo, N. W.D.

Triploni/cJnis cayennensis Er. — Upper Mazaruni R.

AdeJocera pollinaria Cand. — Upper Mazaruni R.

A. rubra Perty. — Kaituma R., N.W.D.

Aeolus qiKidrimaculafiis Cand. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Cardiorrhinns bilineaius Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

1919.] 219

IscJiiodontus iiiornafits Cand. — Pin. Anna Regina, Essequibo.

Eutlactylus interriiptus Oliv. — Taken from sheathing-leaf base of
coconut palm affected with bud-rot. West Bank, Deinerara R.

Dascillidae.
Artemnfopiis louncticoUis Champ. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

Lampykidae.

Lucio ahdomiiialis Cast. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.

Aspidosoma sticticum Gemm. — Christianburg, Demerara R., also
Uitvlugt, West Coast, Demerara.

A. ignitum Linn. — Uitvlugt, West Coast, Demerara. The common
firefly of British Guiana.

Hyas flahellata Fabr.— Issororo, N.W.D.

Lucidota guttula Eabr. — Suddie, Essequibo.

FkofiuHs occidenfalis Oliv. — Suddie, Essequibo.

Ltcidae.
Galofteron tropicnm Linn, {fasciatum Fabr.). — Berbice R.
C. tricolor Oliv.— Issororo, N.W.D.

{To he continued.)

A CERAMBYCID INFESTING PINE CONES IN INDIA,
CHLOROPHOBUS STROBILICOLA, n. sp.

BY H. &. CHAMPION, B.A.,r.E.S.,
Assistant Conservator of Forests, W. Almora Division.

(Plates XIII and XIV.)

While in the U.S. of America in 1915, 1 was much interested in the
work being done by the Forest Insect 1)ranch of the Bureau of Entomo-
logy, in the investigation of the insects attacking the seeds and fruits of
forest trees. With the lielp of members of the Bureau, I saw not a few
of the beetles in situ, including species of a Scolytld genus in Pinus spp.
and a Buprestid in the cones of Pinus i^ndernsa. Search for Coleoptera
of similar habits in the pine forests of the Himalaya was rewarded by the
discovery of numerous cones infested by a Cerambycid larva which is the
subject of this note. I am much indebted to Mr. Craighead, of the U.S.
•* u2

290 [October,

Bureau referred to, for numerous suggestions, and to Dr. Gahan, Keeper
of Entomology at the British Museum, for his opinion on the adult.
The insect is not included in the last-named author's " Fauna of British
India," Coleoptera, Vol. I, 1906, and as it is unknown to him, the species
is assumed to be new.

Ovum.

Sausage-shaped, slightly curved on long axis, semi-opaque white
in colour, "75 X '25 mm.

Lari'a.

Form cylindrical, broadest at the prothorax and tapering rapidly
behind in the last 3 segments : white, except for the chitinised mouth-parts,
and an ill-defined yellowish area in the front portion of the })rothorax ;
rather smooth and shining, but thinly pubescent with rather long pale hairs
especially anteriorly. Head strongly retracted into the prothorax ;
clypeus narrow ; labrum broader than long, hairy ; mandibles typical of
subfamily, with gouge-shaped cutting edge ; labial palpi 3-jointed, apical
joint subconical, about Ig times as long as broad ; maxillary palpi slightly
larger than the labial, 3-jointed, apical joint subconical. Antennae rather
conspicuous when fully exserted, 3-jointed, basal joint trapezoidal and
rapidly tapered, second cylind]-ical, longer than broad, and bearing the
narrow cylindrical 3rd joint and a small papilla. A large single ocellus
irregularly pigmented near base of antenna. Prothorax as viewed from
above about three times as broad as long, and equal to the Ist abdominal
segment, quite smooth and shining. Legs minute, being only about
1/10 the length of the large thoracic spiracle, 3-jointed ; fold bearing
the prothoracic leg extending up in front of the spiracle for a distance
equalling the length of the latter. Abdomen parallel-sided, ampullae
not pronounced, slightly rugose, but shining and smooth otherwise.
Length full grown 12*5 mm., width 2"5mm., length of leg "O-i mm.

Life-History.

The eggs are laid singly in the crevices between the scales of the full-
sized green cones of Pinits longifolia (15 months old), about 15-20 on
each cone, at the end of June and beginning of July, the large middle
scales and the shaded slightly concave side of the cone being chosen.
The eggs are so well concealed as to be easil}^ overlooked even when
specially searched for, and are in the deepest cracks with their long axis
along the crack. The larvae hatch in about tAvo weeks and bore direct
into the cone under the egg-shell without ever becoming visible from
without, their activity being only betrayed by the appearance of a very

,1919.] 221

little fine wood powder, and no marked flow of resin seems to occur.
The larvae feed on the internal woody tissues, chiefly in the cellular
jiarts of the scales and central axis, avoiding the more strongly lignified
vascular tracts. During the cold weather the infested cones usually get
broken off by wind and fall to the ground without injury to the larvae
within, which then complete their metamorphosis still inside the cones.
The effect of the infestation on the cones is largely determined by the
number of developing larvae ; in the usual case of a dozen or more, the
development of the cone is rapidly stopped even befoi'e it has time to
assume the external appearance of a sound mature cone, so that it
remains rather small and retains the gloss}" surface of the incompletely
hardened stage ; the cone also becomes very light and the scales never
separate, with the result that in the dry weather the infested cone can
readih' be recognised on the ground. On breaking open the cones in this
stage (which is veiy easily done), they are found to be full of very fine
dry w^ood dust. When only a few larvae are feeding in a cone none of
these characteristics are so marked and their presence may be overlooked ;
the cone scales may open out normally, but apparently fertile seed is not
developed.

Pupation takes place in April almost always in the broad scale-heads,
but sometimes in the central axis or other parts, an emergence hole being
carried up to the outer shell of the cone but not through it. The pupal
stage lasts about two Aveeks, after which the almost colourless adult
emerges ; two days later, the markings are clearly outlined in pale mauve
colour, and in about 7-10 daj's the coloration is fairly inatured, though
complete hardening is slow.

The earliest and latest dates of emergence actually recorded are 14th
April and loth Ma}-, but probably much depends on altitude, etc.
Emergence from the cone through oval holes in the scale-head probably
does not take place in Nature till about the beginning of the rains in
June. As many as 16 adults have been reared from a single cone.

In spite of three years' collecting in the area frequented by this insect,
the adult has never been found in the forest, though it seems very likely
that the species visits flowers like its allies (it does so in captivit}-) ; it
very readily takes to wing in sunshine and is generally an active insect.
Pairing takes place soon after emergence from the cone, and cases were
observed where the sexes remained in cojjida for over 24 hours sleeved
over a branch of pine out of doors. Afterwards the female, having found
a cone to her liking, sets to work to explore the whole surface with her
extended ovipositor for suitable crevices in which to deposit the relatively
large ova.

222 [October,

The above may be considered the normal life-liistory, but there are
indications that variations on it are not uncommon ; the chief of these is
that probably some larvae take two years to feed vip, as it is possible to
find in a cone containing both pupae and adults, one or two small but
healthy larvae, or to find in the winter old-looking cones with emergence
holes and in addition one or two larvae. This also received partial
confirmation when still infested cones, which had not fallen, so that their
age could be definitely recognised as three years from pollination, were
found to show old emergence holes as well as to contain larvae and pupae.
This fact could also, of course, find an explanation in that the emerging
adults in the previous year had oviposited in the same cones, but this
suggestion receives no confirmation.

Distrihutioii.
Throughout the chir {Pin us loiigifoUa) forests of the W. Almora
Forest Division, and probably of Kumaon, if not further. The altitude
range is practically that of the chir, 3500-6500 feet, and the insect is
commonest in open sunny stands. Tiie extent of the damage done is
probably almost negligible in a good seed year, but when cones are few,
the proportion infested may rise to quite an appreciable figure, and locally
in 1918 and 1919 may have reached 40 per cent or more, almost every
cone on some trees being attacked. Probably in non-fire-protected areas
a good many infested cones are burnt on the ground, but the only other
check on its multiplication noted in three years is a fungus which some-
times kills the larvae, these latter appearing to dry up and to become very
brittle, and on being broken across are seen to be full of a. dense white
mycelium ; as, however, adults may be bred out from other larvae in the
same cone, this disease cannot be a very important factor. Cones have
been seen from which woodpeckers had extracted seed without touching
the larvae whose burrows were disclosed. It will be remembered that
there is no break in the surface of the cone while the larvae are feeding,
so that they are protected by a complete hard and smooth shell, and this
may account for their freedom from Hymenopterous parasites.

General Semarks.

Infested cones were first collected in 1917 and a few adults were
bred out in the rains of that year. More Avere obtained in the following
season and an effort made to observe oviposition, but without success. In
1919 this attempt was repeated, the adults being sleeved out of doors
over shoots of pine carrying old cones which had shed their seed in March
1919 and new ones that were due to do so in 1920 and 1921. Ova were

U'lH.]

223

soon obtained, though at first overlooked by me, as tliey are so well
hidden. It must be noted as a fact of soiue signilieance that tlie only
cone selected for oviposition was one whose peduncle had been injured
and the cone somewhat discoloured in consequence ; the 19 L9 and 1921
cones were altogether ignored.

Breeding is simple as all stages are apparently well adapted to with-
stand an}^ iiijury from being shaken about in the cone — some survived 30
or 40 rough marches with coolie carriage, the cones being kept in boxes
or tins under conditions which would be far too dry for most insects.
Pupae taken from the cones can be kept in small glass tubes closed with
a tAvist of paper, and they also stood the treatment described.

Imago.

Clilorophorus strohilicoJa, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, subopaque, the elytra shining' ; rufuus or leddish-
brown, the eyes, sciitellum, metasternuiu, and abdouieu, the elytra with at
least the apical portion, and SDiiietimes the
posterior femora towards the apex and the tips
of the antennae, infuscate or black ; the elytra
each with a curved narrow fascia before the
middle, extending forwards along the suture to
the base and interrupted on the outer part of the
disc, a short longitudinal streak within the
humeral callus, a common narrow suhapical
fascia, and sometimes a small patch at the apex,
cinereous or whitish, the rest of the pubescence
of the upper surface sparser and darker, that of
the under surface close, and in great part whitish
or cinereous, the legs cinereo-pubescent and
with a few projecting h;urs ; the head and pro-
thorax closely, roughly punctate, the elytra

densely, very finely punctate. Antennae rather more than half the length
of the body, a little longer in J , joints 6-10 rapidly decreasing in length in $ .
Prothorax convex, transverse in § , nearly as long as broad in J , rounded at the
sides. Elytra moderately elongate, somewhat flattened on the disc, truncate
at the apex, the outer apical angle sharp. Basal joint of posterior tarsus
about as long as the others united, l.eugth 7|-9^, breadth 2-3 mm. (c? $ .)

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon.

Numerous examples, bred at various times from the cones of Pinus
longifolio, and probably not quite fully coloured. The nearest allied
species appear to be the Palaearctie C. trifasviatiai F., C. rn^coni/s Oliv.,
and C. nUp'ipes Brulle, all of which have much broader whitish fasciae, the
latter being almost as narrow as in C. massiliensis L. The Indian forms
enumerated by Dr. Glahan under Caloclytus {—Chloi-ophorus) are all

Chloropliorus strohilicola.

224 [October.

very different from O. strobilicola. The type of the latter has been
presented to the British Museum.

EXPLANATION OF TLATES.
Plate XIII.

Chlorophonis strobilicola.
Fig. 1. Ovum, X o.

2. Larva, adult, dor.'^al view, X 5,

3. ,, ,, profile view, x 'J.

4. ,, ,, me^othoracic leg, X 150.

•5. ,, „ head (left half omitted), dorsal aspect, X 70.

6. „ ,, ,, ,, ventral aspect, X 70.

7. ,, ,, liihium, detached and viewed from above, X 7u.

8. „ ,, details of mandible, gTeatly enlarged : «, viewed laterally,

from outside ; b, from inside ; c, from above.

Plate XIV.

Fig. 9. Cone of Finns longifolia, sixteen months old, reduced by I, showing
position of eight OA'a of Chlorophnrus strobilicola.
10. Detached cone-scales, enlarged, showing position of emergence holes of
the beetle: a-c, typical scales; d, showing relative position of ail the
eight emergence holes of one c^ne.

W. Almora.

/»/?/ 19M, 1919.

NEW SPECIES OF STAPHYLINIDAE FROM CEYLON.— Part I.

CT malcol:m camero>', :Nr.B., e.x., f.e.s.

This paper contains descriptions of SfapJii/liiiidae in the collection
of the British Museum (Natural History) made by Mr. Gr. Le\\is in
1882. In it have also heen included two or three species obtained by
Mr. Gr. E. Brv'ant in 1908, the tj^pes of which are in my own collection.
Unless specially noted, the types of the others are in the Museum. The
species described in Part I are as follows : —

Trogopliloeus (Thinodromus) leivisi. 3Iedon (s. str.) championi.
,, (BoopinusJ peregrinus. „ hasalis.

, (s. str.) nitidipennis. Neobisnius rufipennis.

Oxytelus (Anotylns) monoceros. Philontlnts triirunctatus.
,, ,, distinctir.ollis. „ ■pubix)ennis.

Asteiins hindostanus. „ versicolor.

,, taprobanus. Conosoma rno7itanum
Medon (Charichirus) ceylonicus.

Trogopliloeus {Thinodroiiiiis) leioisi, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining ; palpi pitchy, hrst joint of the antennae and legs
reddish-testaceous, the tibiae pitchy. Length 3 mm. Head narrower than the

EnT. Mo. MA(i., 1!)19. P|,ATK XIU,

H. Ct. C. de

LARVA Etc. OF CHLOEOPHOEUS STEOBILICOLA.

Knt. Mo. Mac. 11)11). Pi.atk XIV

T59

H.G. C. (iel.
CONE OF PINUS LONGIFOLIA ATTACKED BY CHl.OROPHORVS
STKOBILICOLA.

1919 J 225

thorax, the eyes large, occupying nearly the whole extent of the sides, the front
with shallow longitiidiual impression internal to the antenna! tubercles; punc-
turatiou modeiately (ine and very close, a little more sparing in front. Antennae
long, extending to a little behind the level of the shoulders; 2nd to the 7th
joints all elongate, the first three of tlieiu aubequal in lengtli, .5th, 6th, jind
7th gradually decreasing, 8th as long as broad, 9th and 10th very slightly trans-
verse, the 11th short, oval. Thorax transverse, the sides strongly contracted
behind, dilated and rounded in front, before the base with a deep crescentic
impression, the disc on either side of the middle line with an obscure rounded
impression ; puncturation as on the head, but less close. Scutellum im-
punctate. Elytra broader and a little longer than the thorax, transverse,
ample, moderately finely, closely punctured ; pubescence fine, grey. Abdomen
moderately narrowed posteriorly, rather finely^, closely punctured throughout,
more coarsely at the bases of the anterior segments, finely pube.'cent.

Hab. Kandy ( O. Lewis).

This species shows no ground sculpture and the puncturation of the
abdomen differs but little from that of the fore-parts. It appears to make
the passage to the subgenus Carpal imus.

Tro(jopliloeus {Boopinus~) peregriiivs, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining^, the elj'tra brownish red ; antennae and legs
reddish-testaceous. Length 2'5 mm. Almost identical in build with T. poliius
Kies., e.xcept that the elytra are longer, the antennae are shorter, and the
tliorax has four somewhat obsolete impressions on the disc; the puncturation
of the thorax and elytra stronger, that of the abdomen less dense and the
pubescence more sparing. Eyes large, occupying nearly the whole side of
tlie head, which is finely and closely punctured. Antennae with the 3rd joint
scarcely shorter than the 2nd, the 4th to the 7th longer than broad, gradually
decrea.sing in length, 8tli, 9th, and 10th about as long as broad, but stouter
tlun the preceding, 11th rather short, oval. Thorax about one-half broader
than lung, the .sides strongly rounded in front and moderately strongly con-
vergent behind ; the disc with four somewhat obsolete impressions; punctura-
tion moderately fine and close. Elytra broader and about one-tliird longer
than the thorax, square, the puncturation very similar to that of the thorax.
Abdomen finely and moderately closely punctured and pubescent thrf)ughout.

Hah. Kitulgalle, Colombo {G. Lewis).

TrogopliJoeus (s. str.) nitiJipeniiis. n. sp.

Black; head and thorax entirely dull, elytra and abdomen shining; thorax
without trace of impressions ; antennae and legs reddish-testaceous, the 2nd to
the 8th joints of the former a little infuscate. Length 2-4 mm. ^'ery distinct
by the completely dull head and thorax (which is without impressions) and
the shinino- elytra and jibdomen. Head broad, a little narrower than the
thorax ; eves small, their diameter about equal to the length of the temples,
which are constricted behind ; tlie front Avithout impressions ; the whole sur-
face densely coriaceous and opaque, without visible puncturation. Antennae

OOR [October,

with the 8rd joint sliorter tliiin the 2uJ, tlie 4th to the (Uh a little longer than
broad, the 7th to the lOth somewhat transverse, the 11th short, oval. Thorax
transverse, widest before the middle and about one-half as broad again as long,
the sides moderately rounded in front and ratlier strongly convergent behind ;
the disc without trace of impressions and similarly sculptured to the liead.
Elytra broader and a little longer than the thorax, transverse, shining, often
more or less brownish, moderately finely and somewhat closely punctured.
Abdomen slightly widened behind, shining, very finely and by no means closely
punctured and pubescent.

Hah. Dikoya {G. Leic/'s).

O.ri/felns {Anoti/Itis) monoceros, n. sp.

TSlack, shining, elytra yellow ; thorax with the sides evenly rounded, the
posterior angles completely effaced ; first joint of the antennae and legs testa-
ceous. Ijengtli 2'3-3 mm. Head in the c^ large,* transverse, nearly as wide
as the thorax, transversely depressed between the antennal tubercles, the
anterior border in front of the right antennal tubercle produced into a short
pointed triangular process, so that the front is asymmetrical ; vertex without
fovea ; sculpture posteriorly consisting of larger and snuxUer and not very
closely placed puncture.*, anteriorly impunctate and coriaceous, but shining; eyes
moderately large, their diameter about equalling the length of the temples,
which are rounded behind : in the J smaller, subtriangular, the anterior border
evenly rounded ; sculpture as in the cT - but tlie front with a row of punctures
just behind tbe anterior margin and a small fovea on the vertex. Antennae
with the 2nd and 3rd joints equal in length, the 4th small, moniliform, the
5th to the 10th transverse, gradually increasing in breadth. Thoi'ax nearly
one-third broader than long, the sides evenly rounded, the posterior angles
effaced ; median sulcus complete, extending the whole length of the disc, the
lateral grooves deeper and broader, curved, not quite reaching the anterior
margin, the sides strigose ; puncturatiou scattered and moderately large. Elytra
as long as and sliyhtly broader than the thorax, transverse, feebly strigose,
rather sparingly and moderately coarsely punctured. .Vbdomen coriaceous,
very obsoletely and sparingly punctured.

J . 6th ventral segment furnished on either side of the aiiddle line with
a rather long, triangular, pointed tooth, the two teeth diverging from each
other; 7th segment foveute in the centre, the posterior margin produced into
a subquadrate plate which is rounded behind in the middle line, deeply
emarginate on either side.

Hah. Colombo, Belligara, Nuwera Eliya {G. Lewis).

Type in my own collection.

Oxytelu.^ (Anotijlns) distincticoUis, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra brown, the thoracic sulci more or less obsolete ;
first five joints of the antennae and legs reddish-testaceous. Length o'3 mm.
Easily recognised by the very indistinct thoracic furrows, but structurally

* A

form of <J with the head scarcely differing from that of the 5 is also found.

1919.1 227

presenting no difference from the g-enns Oxytdnx. Head transverse, the eyes
moderately large, the temples long, broadly rounded beliind ; the front trans-
versely depressed between the autennal tubercles, smooth, shining, almost
impunctate, the rest of the surface coarsely, closely, and rugosely punctured.
Antennae with the 2nd joint about as long as the ord, the 4th small, as broad
as lung, the 5th lo the 10th transverse, gradually increasing in width, the 11th
short, oval. Thorax very nearly one-half broader than long, feebly rounded at
the sides, narrower at the obtuse posterior angles than anteriorly ; the disc
with a narrow, shallow, obsolete furrow throughout the whole length of the
median line, and on either side with a broader yet more obsolete impression
posteriorly, scarcely traceable beyond the middle, the sides rather broadly
impressed ; the whole surface coarsely, closely, and rugosely punctured.
Eiytra a little broader than, and half as long again as, the thorax,
slightly transverse, the sculpture consisting of moderately coarse, somewhat
closely placed granules. Abdomen with sculpture consisting of moderately
large, superficial, closel}- placed, obsolete punctures, the interspaces raised so
that the surface appears irregular and granular, the 7th and 8th segments nearly
smooth.

Mab. Bogawantalawa {G. Lewis).
The specimen described is 5 .

Asfenns hindostanus, n. sp.

Narrow, elongate, black, the head and thorax scarcely, the elytra and
abdomen distinctly, shining, the former posteriorly narrowly testiiceous;
antennae liliform, testaceous ; legs testaceous. Length 5 mm. Less robust
than A. bispinus Motsch., with narrower head, shorter, more shining, simply
punctured elytra, the posterior border of which is narrowly testaceous,
and much less coarsely punctured head and thorax. Head oblong, the
temples long, gradually narrowed a.nd rounded; sculpture close and umbilicate.
Antennae long and slender, all the joints much longer than broad, the 2nd joint
shorter than the Srd, the 10th and 11th but little shoiter than the 9ih. Thorax
a little narrower than the head, longer than broad, narrowed behind, the
anterior angles broadly rounded, the sides with three setae. Elytra as long as
and scarcely wider than the thorax at the anterior angles, narrowly bordered
with testaceous posteriorly, coarsely, closely, ai d simply punctured, the inter-
spaces smooth and shining. Abdomen elongate, shining, coarsely and closely
punctured, especially at the bases of the segments; 7th and 8th segments
almost smooth ; anal styles reddish-testaceous.

S . tith ventral segment with a deep, parallel-sided excision of the
posterior border, the apex of which is rounded : 5th with a moderately
broad triangular excision of the posterior margin, and a deep rounded impres-
sion anterior thereto.

Hab. Colombo, Kandy, Nuwera Eliya (G. Leicis).

Astenits taprohamis, n. sp.

Narrow, elongate, rufo-testaceous, a little shining, the suture of the elytra
very narrowly blackish in the posterior half; antennae and legs yellow.

228 [October.

Lengtli 5 mm. Build of ^4. hindostanus, but with narrower liead and more
gradually narrowed temples, tliorax le.-^s narrowed behind, longer elytra, shorter
antennae, and entirely different coloration. Head oblong, the temples gradually
and slightly contracted posteriorly, tlie posterior angles rnunded ; puncturation
coarse, close, and umbilicate. Antennae slender, but shorter than head and
thorax, all the joints longer than broad, the 2nd shorter tlian the 3rd, 5th to
the 8tli scarcely differing in length, the 11th a little longer than the 10th.
Thorax oblong, a little narrower than the head, gradually narrowed behind,
the anterior angles broadly rounded, the puncturation as on the head. Elytra
as long as and a little broader than the thorax, longer than broad ; puncturation
coarse, close, and simple. Abdomen elongate, a little widened behind, rather
coarsely and closelj' punctured, especially at tlie bases of tlie segments, the
7th and 8th segments much more iinely and sparingly punctured ; pubescence
moderate, 3'ellow, intermixed with black setae.

Hab. Dikoya, alt. 4000 feet {G. Lewis).

The specimen described is 5 .

JSLcdon {Cliarichinis) cei/Ionicns, n. sp.

Black, slightly shining; the elytra brown, the posterior and reflexed
lateral margins and legs reddish-testaceous ; antennae reddish. Length 5-;j mm.
l<]xactly of the same size and build as C. chinensis Bob., but differing in the
following respects: the antennae are a little stouter, the penultimate joints
• being as long as broad ; the fore-parts are distinctly more shining and the
sculpture coarser ; the smooth median line of the thorax is much broader ;
and the elytra are otherwise coloured. Head subquadrate, a little broader
than the thorax ; the eyes moderately large, their diameter less than the
length of the temples, which are rounded posteriori}'; puncturation close,
obscurely umbilicate, and rugose. Antennae with the 2ud joint shorter,
than the 3rd, the 3rd to the 6th longer than broad, gradually decreasing in
length, 7tli scarcely longer than broad, 8tli to tlie 10th as long as broad.
Thorax scarcely shorter than broad, a little narrowed behind, disc with
distinct median smooth elevated line throughout ; sculpture consisting of close
granules, each Avith a minute central pit. Elytra a little broader and about
one-third longer than the thorax ; brown, the lateral reflexed and posterior
borders indeterminately rufo-testaceous; sculpture very similar to that of the
thoiax. Abdomen with the posterior margins of the segments narrowly
reddish-testaceous, very closely and Iinely punctured, closely and finely
pubescent throughout.

Hah. Kandy (G^. Letvis).

The specimen described is $ .

(To be continued.)

1919.] 229

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HORSE BOT-FLY, GASTTiOPHILUS EQVI F.
BV A. II. HAMM, i'.E.S.

The phoiioinenally fine and hot weather (lurint>- the first half of
August last was evidently highly favourable to that well-known ])est,
the Bot-fly (GasfropJiih(s equi F.). My holiday falling within the
same period enabled me to give some attention to and make a few
observations on this species.

On. August 7th, in Hogley Bog, near Oxford, 1 netted one male and
two females from round the legs of a mare turned out to grass. The
flies are very easy to catch if only the horses will stand still for a
moment and allow one to approach ; but this was by no means easy, for
at the least movement of the net the horse invariably galloped away, so
that the stalking had to be begun over again. However, with persistence
antl patience the three specimens were at length secured. The number
of eggs laid on this ixirticular horse was truh"- astonishing. From below
the knee to just above the hoof they were so close together that they
entirely covered the hair on the anterior surface of the fore legs. Many
were also laid on the hind legs, shoulders, hind-quarters, and a few even
on the mane. I di"ew the owner's attention to hei- condition and he
promised to do what he could to remove them. I had another look at
her on the lOth when she was fairly free from eggs, and no bot-flies
were in attendance. I did not see her again until the 23rd, which was a
very dull and not over warm day, l)ut the eggs that had again been
deposited were eijualh' or even more numerous than those observed
on the 7th.

On August 10th on Lye Hill, adjoining Hogley Bog, a number of
farm horses, turned out to grass, were all huddled together under the
shade of some large elm trees, and owing to the 2:)resence of Haematopota
and various other flies they were extremel}' restive. They allowed me,
however, to approach near enough to see that several female bot-flies
were busy ovipositing. Every horse had a large number of eggs attached
to various parts, mostly the fore legs below the knees.

On August nth I went to Newdniry for a few days. Crossing
Victoria Park, close to the to\\n, on the lUth, I saw a group of four
or five horses close together in the shade of an avenue of lime trees.
The shrill bee-like hum of the bot-flies in attendance about the horses'
legs Avas perfectl}' audible at several yards distance. By dint of patience
and caution 1 secured five specimens, all females. All the horses were
much infested with their eggs, as before mainly on the fore legs, below
the knees. At various places in the neighbourhood I examined many

230 [October,

horses employed in harvest operations, and found most of them badly
infested.

I went over to Woolhampton, 6 miles from Newbury, on August 14th,
and on the following day saw several horses under elm trees in a field.
A few bot-flies flaying round their legs rendered them extremely restive,
so much so indeed that at the least flick of the net they would scatter
at full gallop round the field, returning again later to the same spot
for the shade. The bot-flies apparently accompanied them on their
gallop, for no sooner did they stand still than they were subject to the
same attentions as before. At Woolhampton I examined many horses
at work, or turned out to feed, and found, as at Newbury, most of them
badly infested with eggs.

Though I closely watched the flies many times and for considerable
periods, I never saw one settle on a horse. Their mode of ovipositing is
to hover close to the animal, the body approaching the vertical ; then,
still hovering, the long ovipositor-like abdomen is turned upwards to
attach the egg to the hair. The horse seems fully conscious of the fly's
intention, for no sooner does the tip of the abdomen touch the animal
than it gives a twitch or brings its head to the threatened spot, or a flick
of the tail if on the hind-quai-ters or hind legs. Though driven off for
the moment, the fly returns and succeeds by her persistence, and so
absorbed is she that capture would be extremel}^ easy if only the horse
would stand still.

I have heard it stated that shade gives the horse some relief from
these attacks, but so far as I observed little or no jjrotection is afforded
by it.

22 Southfield lload, Oxford.
September Uth, 1919.

Notes 0)1 the Staphylinid genera Hoplandria Kr. and Coenonica Kr. —
Hoplandria was said by Kraatz (Linn. Eiit. xi, 1857, p. 4) to have the anterior
tarsi 4-jointed. Sharp (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt., i, 2, p. 219, 1883)
moditied the description as regards the palpi, obsei'ving- that a minute
accessory joint was present which had been overlooked by Kraatz. 1 find that
a further modification is necessary, as the anterior tarsi are really o-jointed,
and the genus must be placed near Aleochara, with which it likewise conforms
in the structure of tbe palpi. By Fenj^es, however (Gen. Insect., Pt. 173 a,
Aleockarituie, 1918, p. 19), it is accepted as one of the Myrmedoniini.

Coenonica, also described by Kraatz {op, cit., p. 45), was defined as having
"tarsi antici 4-, posteriores 5-articulati," so that the structure of the inter-
mediate pair is not definitely stated. Fenyes {op. cit., p. 18) places it iu

»•] 231

the Myrmedoniiiii : this is incorrect, the tarsal formula being 4, 4, ;">, and
the affinities of the genus are with Homalofa Mannerh. amongst the Bolito-
charini. It was furtlier stated by Kraatz to be Termitophilous, but the
habitat is at the sap of felled trees and under .*appy bark, and any association
with Termites is accidental.— M. Camp^ron, 7 Blessington Road, Lee, S.E. 13 :
August '29t/i, 1919.

Coleoptem at Dunster, Somerset. — From April 12th I spent three weeks at
Dunster, a quaint old-fashioned Somerset village about two miles from Mine-
head and a mile and a quarter from the shore of the Bristol Channel. The
weather was fine, though persistent N.E. winds prevented insects from showing
themselves openly, ar.d in consequence collecting was ciiiefly confined to
working bark and old stnnips. Only an occasional beetle was seen on the
roads, and very few under stones. The following are some of the better species
taken; had the season been a less backward one doubtless mauj^ more might
have been captured. Amongst the Geodephaga may be noted Ilnrpalus
honestus Duft. (taken at Porlock Weir), Cillenus lateralis Sam. exceedingly
abundant on wet sands near Dunster, and Bemhidium rufescejis Gner. sparingly
in old stumps. The "Staphs" inclnded Aleochara cuniculorum Kr. in rabbit
burrows near golf links, Myrmedonia fune.<ta Gr. in ants' "runs," Leistotrophus
nebtilosus F. on road, 'F/iilont/iufi splendens F. and P. addendus Slip., Cafius
fucicola Curt, and tlie much more abundant C. xantholoma Gr., Medon
hrunneus Er., Iloinalium planum Payk. (under bark) and II. laeoiusculum Gyll.
Ceri/lon histeroides F., Faroinalus Jtavicornis Hbst., Epuraea ohsoleta F. (the
only species of this genus observed), Ips quadrifjuttata K. and a nice series of
Pediacus dermestoides F. occurred under bark. In hard black fungus growiuj^
on an old ash, Diphyllus lunatus F. was found in great numbers, and in the
same habitat 1 took several Cri/pfophagus rxificornis Steph., one Mycetophagus
atomarius F. and several Litargus hifasciatus F., and one Henoticus serratus
Gyll. was obtained under bark of oak. Scaphidium qiiadrimaculatum 01 .
occurred once or twice under wood chips. In a sandy meadow near the sea I
dug up a series of Geotrupes imitator Marsh, and Onthophagus coenohita Hbst.
O. vacca L., and O. fracticornis Preyss. A most unpromising-looking, old, and
very dry felled elm produced four examples of Corymbites hipustulatus L., two
with bright red shoulder spots and two almost entirely black. On the shore
Microzoum tibiale F. was much in evidence, with a few Opatrum sabulosuin L.
In a dead fir-branch I was much pleased to find one Hypopliloeus linearis F.
in company with numbers of Pityogeiies bidoitatus Hbst., but diligent search
failed to secure more of the llypophloeus. From a rotting elm trunk I dug up
several Ischnomera coerulea L., and also Rhyiicolus lignarius Marsh., and in a
log by the shore I took Ciiulofrypis aeneopicens Boh. Hylesinus fra.iini Pz.
was very abundant in elm, and Dryocaetes villosus F. occurred under bark of
oak: whilst llypera variabilis Hbst. and Sitones wat erhousei Wa\t. wexe aif^o
taken. A single Meloe violaceus Marsh, put in an appearance one dull, sunless
day, but was the only si)ecimen of the genus I saw. — James E. Black,
Nethercroft, Peebles : September 17 fh, 19^9.

Odontaeus mobilicornis Fab. in Wiltshire. — I found a black c? specimen of
0, mobilicornis Fab. near Tidworth Peunings in the first week of August. The

239 [October,

inject was dead in an empty bucket, nnd was almost the only beetle that I took
while at the O.T.O. camp on that part of Salisbury Pliun.— Geokge B. Ryle,
G Chesham Place, Brighton : Septcviber loth, 1919.

Coh'optera of the Brujhton District: a correction. — In the August number
of this journal I mentioned A(jahus bic/uttatus as having been taken "in a
small roadside ditch " ; Mr. Tottenham has kindly pointed out to me that
A. guttatus was the species which we found. — George B. Rylk.

Further localities for Plafi/ptis cj/lindrm F. — In the last number of this
magazine (p. 208) my friend Mr. Claude Morley, when recording Flatyjms
cylindrus from the New Forest, states that Fowler gives the following locali-
ties : — Windsor, Shipley, New Forest, Monmouth, Herefordshire, and Scar-
borough, " with no additions to these in the Supplement".'' If he will look at
page 319 of the Supplement he will spe — " Flriti/pus ct/liinlrus F., Chiddingfuld,
not uncommon {Donidhorpe).'" This rare Scolytid used to occur rather freely
in stumps of oak, the wood being so hard that it could only be split by much
labour with an axe. I have seen a number of the beetles boring ipto such
stumps with remarkable ra])idity. Their round bcu'ings ara stained black,
and no doubt the insect makes use of an acid of some kind to soften the wood.
Mr. Cliampion has also taken Platypus in Surrey, at Hurst Wood near
Chilwoith. — Horace Donisthorpe, Putney : Septemher, 1919.

Choerocampa nerii at Huddersjield. — Mr. S. L. Mosley. of our Technical
College Museum, this morning brought for my inspection a specimen of
Cltoerocampa nerii which was found by a working-man in a yard in King-
Street, Iludderstield, early in the present month. The man, knowing nothing
about it, unfortunately kept it in a box for some days before taking it to
Mr. Mosley on the 11th, when it was still alive, but as might have been
expected, considerably damaged, by the edges of the fore wing being a good
deal frayed. It had evidently been a good specimen when tirst captured, and
even yet makes quite a presentable one. There is only one previous record of
the species for the county, a poor example at Sheffield on September 11th, 1867.
— Geo. T. PoRRiTT, Elm Lea, Ualton, Huddersfield : Septeynber Vlth, 1919.

The sound-producing organ of Deinacrida megacephala Fuller. — In the
Cambridge Natural History, "Insects," Part 1, p. 327, it is pointed out that
" the fact that a clicking noise is jjroduced by the Weta-punga is of some
interest, for the genus Deinacrida is among the Locustidae that possess ears, but
are said to be destitute of sound-producing organs." Being very familiar with
the stridulation of our common species, Deinacrida inegacephala BuUer, it
appeared desirable to ascertain, if possible, precisely how the sound was pro-
duced. No trace of any special organ could be found on the femur of the hind
legs, but a careful examination of the side of the second abdominal segment of
both sexes, clearly reveals, in the living insect, the presence of about six
minute file-like ridges which are evidently operated upon by the inner edge of
the base of the femur of the liind legs, these legs being raised high above the
insect's back when it is stridulnting. By this means the Weta can produce a
rather harsh grating, or clicking, sound which is unquestionably employed to

laifl-] 233

intimidate intruders and probably also used as a call or lure between the sexes.
This sound is frequently heard in New Zealand forests at nif^fht. — G. V.
Hudson, Hillview, Karori, Wellington, New Zealand : July Gth, 1919.

Diptera in Perthshire. — The following Diptera taken by me this season
appear to be worthy of mention : Oxyccra dives Lw., J , Aberfoyle, June 21st^
on the same ground where the species occurred in 1903. It must be very
scarce, as I have searched for it on several occasions during the intervening
sixteen years without success, and the $ still escapes detection ! Symphoroniyia
crassicornis Pz., cJ, Balquhidder, June 26th. Seems to be a rare species in
Scotland. I have only once taken it before — at Comrie in 1907. Thcrioplectes
micans Mg., 2 $ 5, Loch Voil, June 26th. I saw others, but failed to capture
them. Nethy Bridge, as mentioned in " British Flies," vol. v, p. 3o5, appears to
be the only recorded Scottish locality for this fine Tabanid. On the same day,
and almost on the same spot, I got S S ^^ Thcrioplectes distinguendus Verr.,
Haematopota crassicornis Whlbg., and Chrysojis relicta Mg., $ ? of the latter
were in great numbers at the side of Loch Lubnaig on June 20th. Isopoyon
hrevirostris Mg., Callander, June 19th,; a rare species in my experience, but I
have it from a wide district of Perthshire extending from Aberfoyle to Comrie.
Physocephala nigra Deg., J , Aberfoyle, July 1st, my first capture of this fine
Couopid. Polietes hirticrura Mde , c? 2 . Callander, June 25th. This is only
the second recorded capture of the $ —cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., 190G, p. 269-
Hydrotaea pilipes Stein, 2 , Callandar, June 28th. A new locality for this rare
fly. In addition to the above I got a Mydaea and a Trichopticiis, which are
not in the British List, but I cannot name them. I also got at Callander
a S ErisUdis, which I thought at first was vitripennis Strobl, as the wings
are clear, and the hind femora whitish yellow on about the basal fourth ; but
the colour of the body pubescence does not agree with the rest of the descrip-
tion, and I am afraid it is only rupium, of which I took several typical
examples. The specimen seems quite mature. — A. E. J. Carter, Monifieth :
September 2nd, 1919.

A Note on four British ComJs.— Newstead, in his Monograph of the
British Coccidae, vol. ii, gives t^vo localities for Kermes quercus (Linn.),
Wimbledon Common and Sherwood Forest. Green has, if I remember rightly,
had this species sent to him from Yorkshire. On J une 19th, 1919, 1 found speci-
mens of it on two oak trees at the edge of the wood not f pa- from the Windmill
on Wimbledon Common, but not in any large quantity. Isolated individuals
were scattered over the trunk and lower branches. On August 31st, 1919,
the same species was found on oak trees in Richmond Park. Every tree
standing in the open examined— and about 100 trees were examined— had
the scale in the crevices of the bark, very often in very considerable numbers.
On examining the spinneys, however, it was found that the scales were confined
to those oak trees at the margin, and always on the side of the trunk and
branches facing outwards. Captain James Waterston, of the Imperial Bureau
of Entomology, tells me that he had noticed this scale, or a nearly allied species,
in Macedonia, and that it seemed to be confined to isolated oak trees. In 1914
and 1915 the same ground in Richmond Park was frequently gone over, but
never once was this scale observed. A great many of the specimens were
heavily parasitised, but it was apparently too late in the year to obtain any of

X

234 [October,

the parasites. The numbers of the scale and the area over which it is spread
seems to point to a disturbance of the conditions under which it previously was
kept in checlc. Has the military occupation of Eichmond Park had any effect
on the bird life, and this reacted on the Kernies? On September 9th, 1919,
Mr. K. G. Blair brought me several examples of Orthezia urticae (Liun.),
which he had obtained at Shoeburyness, feeding on Artemisia maritima.
Newstead seems to think it a local insect, recording it on Olaux maritima and
Statice armeria, both maritime plants ; while Douglas found it on Stellaria
holostea. In August I found Orthezia cataphracta (Shaw) under stones amongst
beech leaves under beech trees on the Experimental Estate of the North of
Scotland College of Agriculture, Craibstone, near Aberdeen. Over 100 females,
many with the marsupium fully developed, were bottled in a few minutes.
Several were found on the roots of seedling beeches, the leaves of which had a
sickly and wilted appearance. This species has been fouEd under beech trees
in several other localities in tlie same district. On September 7tli, 1919,
Mr. S. A. Brokenhouse sent to the Natural History Museum several specimens
of Eriopeltis festucae Fonsc. on Fcstina ovina. He says that this species is
common on the coast road between Ilfracombe and Combe Martin. — F. Laing,
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) : September I8th, 1919.

"Catalogue Systematiquk et Bescmptip pes Collections Zoolo-
GiQXTES DU BARON Edm. de Selys Longchamps." Libellulineu : fasc. xvi
(deuxieme partie). Pp. 1043-1278, figs. 605-(392. By-Dr. F. Ris. Brussels,
1919. Price 00 fr. 50.

Notwithstanding a long and laborious life, mainly devoted to the study of
the Odonata, that great master of dragonfly-science, Baron Edmond de Selys
Longchamps, had to leave to another hand the revision of the large and im-
portant subfamily of the Libellulinae. That task was carried out, with a
substantial measure of success, by Mr. W, F. Kirby, who in 1889 published
a revision of all the genera then known, and added to them 40 more of his
own. At the same time he described 55 new species (not 42, as stated by
Kirby himself) from the material in the British Museum (Natural History).
Further contributions to the scientiric study of the group were made by later
writers, but it was not until Dr. F. Ris, of Rheinau, Switzerland, undertook
to monograph the Libellulinae for the Selysian Catalogue that a thorough-
going revision, both as to genera and species, came into being. The first
fascicle of this monumental work was published at Brussels in 1909, and
succeeding instalments followed one another at short intervals until virtual
completion was attained in 1913. There still remained to be issued the index
and the descriptions of a large number of new species which had come into the
author's hands during the progress of the work. Although the printing of this
additional matter was fiuished in 1916, publication could not be proceeded with
during the continuance of the War, and, according to the postmark, the copy
imder review did not leave Brussels until 6th August, 1919. The title-page
bears two dates — the actual year of printing, 1916, and the nominal date of
distribution, 1st March, 1919. A circular-letter, signed by Monsieur G.
Severin, explains the reasons why publication did not follow immediately upon

191'J.] 235

the printing, and urges that, in the exceptional circumstances of the case, the
delay in distribution should not be permitted to militate against the priority of
the newly-described species. This final instalment, it may now be said, is in
every way a worthy successor of the eiglit parts of the same monograph which
have gone before it, and the author is to be congratulated upon the completion
of his magniticent contribution to the literature of the Odonata.

The completed monograph consists of 1278 quarto pages, embodying a full
and authoritative description, written in German, of every S])ecies known at
the present time. A new scheme of classification has been adopted, whereby
the genera are arranged in ten " groups " of co-ordinate value, beginning with
small Old World forms of the Teirathetnis type, and ending with forms, like
Puntala and Tramea, having a specialised venation and an expanded anal area
in the hind wing. The work is illustrated by 8 coloured plates and 692 text-
figures of wing-venation, accessory genitalia, and anal appendages, and is
altogether indispensable to every entomologist who desires to study the con-
spicuous and beautiful insects included in the LibelhiUnae. Dr. flis's monograph
is the third relating to dragonflies so far published iu the Selysian Catalogue,
the first and second, by Monsieur Rent? Martin, dealing with the subfamilies
Corduliinae and Aeschniiiae, respectively. Two fascicles on the Calopteryginae,
likewise by M. Martin, are already in manuscript, and the monographing of
other groups is being provided for.

The foregoing remarks have necessaviW been concerned with the Odonata
exclusively, and with the LibelhUinae in particular. Moreover, as dragonflies
form the bulk of the collections upon which tbe Selysian Catalogue is based,
those insects occupy a commensurate degree of importance in the Catalogue.
But it is not to be forgotten that de Selys Longchamps also gathered together
much material iu other groups of animals, notably such insects as were formerly
included in the old but wholly artificial Order called Neiiroptera. Fascicles
dealing with the Embioptera, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, Ascalaphidae, and
Trichoptera, for instance, have already appeared, and others on the Mecoptera,
and 3Iyrmeleonidae and other Planipeunia are stated to be in the press.
Particulars of the contents of the Catalogue and of the terms of subscription
can be obtained from ^lonsieur G. Severin, Conservateur an Musi^e Royal
d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 31, Rue Vautier, Brussels. — Hebbebt
Campion.

;^ocietn.

The South London Entomological and Natubal Histoby Socikty :
August \Uh, 1919.— Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

The death of Lieut. F. H. WoUey-Dodd, F.E.S., in the Dardanelles was
announced.

Mr. Blair exhibited black aberrations of Cetonia aurata from St. Mary's,
Scillv. Mr. Turner, a series of large and bright Ejniiephele jurtina race hkpulla
from" the Plains of Catania, Sicily, and a long series of Adscita geryon from near
Trino-, Herts, where it had been very plentiful this season. Mr. Buckstone,
(1) Boaniiia clnctarla from the New Forest; (2) Tueniocampa mundaMed and
captured, Oxshott, Wimbledon, etc.; (3) Adopaea Jlava {thammis), a dark 5
taken at Boxhill on August 18th; (4) Aphmdopus hyperantus, undersides

236 [October,

showing grndation in colour and 8|jotting, including ab. arete \ (5) larvae of
CoHt/mhia pendulariainova bred females of a brood of which some pupae appeared
to be going over ; and (6) he reported that seven out of ten pupae of Tephrosia
Iwidata were apparently going over. Mr. Buunett, specimens of Acronicta
leporina and HylojMla prasmana from Chislehurst. IJemarks on the season
showed that Noctuae were scarce, sugaring was a failure, honeydew had been
very detrimental to larvae, that a late frost had probably affected Af/riades
coridon badly, and that white butterflies and Polyoinviatus icarus were also
scarce.

Aiif/ust 25th, 1919. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. B. S. Williams exhibited Hiberma marginarin {progemmarid), typical
from Yeovil, ab.y?<.sc«;;rt from Finchley and St, Anne's-on-Sea, with intermediate
forms. Mr. Newman, a fine bred ab. walkcri of Spilosoma tne7ithastri from
Bexley. Mr. H, J. Turner, for Mr. Greer of Co. Tyrone, a long series of
Hydroecia crinaneiisis taken at honeydew on thistles, and a pair of Epinephele
jurtina ab. addenda which appears to be a local race in Co. Tyrone. Mr. Ashdown.
Opilo mollis and Gracilin mi/iuta from Surrey, and stated that one of the speci-
mens of the latter was the smallest Lougicorn he had ever seen. Mr. Sperring,
soft grey forms of Boarmia repandaia from Scotland, Agriades coridon (^ c?
with much black suffusion and a striata-ohsoleta form, and a varied series of
Aglais urticae, Paisley. Mr. Johnson, several examples of Limenitis sibylla
almost completel}' black, and aberrations of Dryas paphia with very consider-
able coalescence and elongation of the usual markings. Mr. Bunnett, a larva
of Acronicta leporina feeding on oak. Mr. Edwards, Papilio pj-otodamas
(hyperion), P. phoon ab. ulepos, and P. philenor ab. acauda from S, America.
Reports of the season were made by several members. — Hy. J. Tubnkr, Hon.
Editor of Proceedings.

SOME INDIAN COLEOPTERA (1).
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

This paper deals with a few of the Coleoptera sent me during the
past five years by my two surviving sons, both in Government Service in
India. A certain number of their insects {Dianous, Flaneustomus,
Scrap fia, Mycetophagus, Xt/loplulus, Melanophila, etc.) have alread}'-
been described or noticed by me in this Magazine or elsewhere ; but
amongst the small forms there are representatives of various Palaearctic
genera not yet recorded from that country. These beetles, the Carabidae
and Curculionidae excepted, are not likely to be studied at present by any
of the contributors to the " Fauna of India," and it is desirable that the
presence south of the Himalaya of certain genera of other families
should be made known at the first o2)portunit3% e. g., the collections
before me include numerous OcJithehius and Hydraena, not a single
species of either of which is recorded from India. The description of a

1919.1 237

new Bruchus received from Delira Dun by the l)r)tanical department of
the British Museimi, and of a Spercheus from Karaclii in the Andrevves
collection, are included in the present contribution.

Species enumerated ia ihe present contrihiition.
Hydbophilidae. Colydiidak.

Ejnmetopvs aspernfus, n. sp. Teredolaenms major, n. sp.

* Spercheus gibbus, n. sp.

Mycetophagidae.
Mycetopihagus bifascintns, n. sp.

Anobiidae.

Heteroceridae. *Sta(iefHs denticornis, n. sp.

belli, n. sp.
binodiilus, n. sp.

*Micihis minutissimiis Sahib. ,^

Xylophilidae.

Silphidae. Xylophilus bulbifer, n. sp.

ir 7 1- , , *Cnopus pinicola, n. st>.

Hydnobius contrncuis, ii. sp. i- x- > f

Bruchidae.

Tbogositidae. Bnichus caeruleus, n. sp.

*Thymalus iiidicus, n. sp. „ macidipyga, n. sp.

JEpimetopus asperattis, n. sp.

Robust, broadly obovate, convex, moderately sinning, nig-vo-pifeous, the
apex of the elytra and the legs more or less riifescent, the palpi and antennae
in part testaceous. Head granulate, triangularly depressed on each side within
the oblique, almost smooth refle.\ed lateral margins of the cljpeus, the eyes
large and almost divided. Prothorax short, convex on the disc, deeply con-
stricted near the base, widening thence to the prominent, obliquely truncated
anterior angles, and broadly produced in the middle in front; the surface
closely granulate, and with several scattered, minute, smooth tubercles
extending acro.ss the middle, and an oval, margined prominence in the centre
of the anterior prolongation, the disc obsoletely canaliculate. Elytra broader
than the prothorax, rapidly widening to beyond the middle, and (as seen from
above) broadly produced at the apex, the sides rounded and narrowly
explanate ; closely granulate and narrowly catenulate-striate, the granules on
the alternate interstices towards the sides and apex here and there developed
into very small smooth tubercles, which form a short (humeral) ridge at the
base of 7 and a short ridge at the apices of 3 and o. Legs stout, the tibiae
broad, with longitudinal rows of asperities, thus a.ppearing costate. Length 3^,
breadth 2 mm.

Ilab. IxBiA, W. Almora in Kuniaon (//. G. C).

The description is taken from a single s]:)ecimen, but others were
subsequently captured in the same district. Smaller than E. (Sepiduliim)
hullatus Sharp (Ent. Mo. Mag. xi, p. 249, 1875), type from "India";
the tubercles greatly reduced in size and almost obsolete on the disc of
the elytra, the latter narrowly striate, the prothorax strongly constricted

* Genera not preTiouely recorded from India.

238 [October,

before the base. E. maindroni llegimbart (1903). from Gengi, has
large metallic tubercles like E. buUatus.

Spercheus gibhus, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, very convex, shining-; dirty-lestaceons, the head, prothorax,
and elytra mottled with piceous, the apical joint of the maxillary palpi at the
tip and the apex of the terminal joint of each tarsus black. Head broad, sub-
triangular, rapidly, obliquely narrowed from the eyes forward, the raised
lateral margins subangulate, the clypeus also angularly raised on each side of
the central emargination ; tlie intra-ocular space foveate in the middle and
closely punctate, the anterior portion sparsely punctured. Protliorax very
short, much wider than the head, moderately explanate at the sides, the latter
rounded anteriorly and gradually converging and almost straight behind, the
anterior angles prominent, the hind angles suhrectangular ; closely punctate.
Elytra gibbous, evenly convex on the disc, broadly arcuato-explanate at the
sides below the base ; with closely packed somewhat regular rows of moderately
coarse punctures, the narrow interspaces smooth, neither costate nor tuber-
culate, the outer row of dorsal punctures separated from those along the
expanded margin by a rather broad polished space, the humeral callosities
prominent. Length 3|, breadth 2^\ mm.

Hah. IxBiA, Sarda in Bengal {F. W. C).

One s])ecimen, certainly d" , as shown bv the strongly biangulate
clypeus. Very like an insect ( d $ ) from Karachi in the Andrewes
collection labelled " Spercheus helli Kegimhart," a species not included
in Zaitsev's Catalogue of Hydrophilidae (1908) and of which I am
unable to find a published description*; differing from the latter in
having the head less explanate at the sides before the eyes (the head thus
appearing a little smaller) and distinctly foveate in the middle between
them, the prothorax relatively narrower, less rounded at the sides
posteriorly, and moi-e sparsely punctured on the disc, and the elytra also
a little narrower, with the margins broadly arcuato-explanate below the
base, the sculpture similar to that of 8. belli. In the British Museum
there are three examples ( J 5 ) of another small Sperclieus, labelled
as from "India" {ex coll. Bowring), apparently different from either
of the foregoing, the Museum also possessing very similar specimens
from Persia (one of which is labelled S. cerisiji Gruer. ?) and Meso-
potamia, as well as others of a smaller and narrower unnamed fonn from
the last-named country, and one from Siam. The type of *S^. cerisyi
was from Alexandria. My second son having left Bengal, there is no
immediate possibility of obtaining moi-e specimens of S. gibbus or of the
closely related S. hinodidns. The Indian habitat of the insect from the
Bowring collection requires confirmation, and it must be left unnamed

" Two found Ijy A)luaud in E. Africa were described by Regimbart in Ann. Soc. Ent. Kr.
1906, pp. 271, 272.

1919.

239

for the present. It seems probable that Spercheus is well represented in
India, as it is known to be in Africa. One species has recently been
described from the Philippines.

Spercheus heJli, n. sp.

Sperchcus helJi Regimbart, in coll. Andrewes.

Oblong-oval, veiy convex, shining; obscnve rufo-testaceou , the head,
prothorax, and elytra sparsely fusco-niaculate, the apex of the terminal joint
of each tarsus black. Head very broad, gradually, obliquely narrowed from
the eyes forward, the raised lateral niiirgins subangulate, the clypeus also
angularly raised on each side of the central emargination in J and obtusely so
in 5 ; the intra-ocular space densely, the anterior portion more sparsely, punc-
tured. Prothorax very short, broad, much wider than the head, the margins
explanate, rounded, and slightly converging behind ; closely punctate. Elytra
gibbous, evenly convex on the disc, arcuately explanate at the sides; with
closely packed rows of moderately coarse punctures, the narrow interspaces
smooth, three of them subcostate towards the apex in 5; the outer row of
dorsal punctures coarse and bordered externally by a polished space, the
humeral callosities prominent. Length 3^-4, breadth 2-i^|mni. (J $)•

Hah. India, Karachi (T. B. Bell, in coll. Andreioes and Mus.
Brif.).

Two males and one female, all injured by pinning. These insects

were examined some years ago by the late Dr. Regimbart, one of them

having been labelled by him as "type"; but the description has not been

published.

Sperclteus hinodulus, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, very convex, shining; dirty-testaceous, the head somewhat
rufescent, the space between the eyes and the disc of the prothorax suffused
with piceous, the elytra with scattt^red darker spots, tlie maxillary palpi at the
tip and the apex of the terminal joint of each tarsus black. Head very broad,
closely punctured, the punctures coarser and more crowded between the eyes,
the latter large and convex ; clypeus broadly emarginate, the rehexed margins
moderately prominent, obtusely angulate on each side of the emargination.
Prothorax very short, much wider than tlie head, moderately explanate at the
sides, the latter slightly converging posteriorly and feebly rounded, the anterior
angles rather prominent; closely punctate, and with an indication of a shallow
median gToove. Elytra gibbous, uneven, rounded and moderately explanate at
tlie sides, abruptly declivous posteriorly, with numerous irregular rows of
rather coarse punctures, and a pnllid, smooth, oblong tubercle at the middle of
the disc similar to the one on the humeral prominence, the sutural region
longitudically sulcate on the apical declivity; viewed laterally, the elytral
surface also appears to be obsoletely quadricostate, the first lidge from the
suture limitiug the apical groove externally. I>ength 3f, breadth ^^V mm.

Hah. India, Sunderbans in Bengal {F. W. C).

One specimen, presumably $ . This insect cannot be the sexual
complement of >S'. gihhus, as at first sight would appear to be likely, the

OIQ [October,

latter having a relatively smaller subtriangular head, straighter sides to
the prothorax, and the elytra broadly arcuato-explanate before the
middle, without tubercles, costae, or apical sulci, theii' dorsal surface
being regularly convex.

Micih(s mhtiifissiimts.

'i Heterocerits {Micromicilli(s) mimttissimus Sahib. Ofv. Pinska
Vet.-Soc. Forh. xlii. p. 205 (1900).

Hah. India, Sarda in Bengal {F. W. C).

Two specimens from the Ganges region, Bengal, are provisionally
referred to this species, the types of which were from Amu Daria (Oxus)
and Syr Daria (Jaxartes), Turkestan. They are slightly larger (length
a little over 1 mm.) than the measurement given by Sahlberg (0'9 mm.),
and have the head red in front (instead of black) ; but as the types are
said to vary in colour, and some allowance must be made for the degree
of maturity of these insects, too much reliance need not be placed on
these characters. The genus, in any case, has not been recorded from
India, the only other known representative being the Mediterranean
M. murinits Kies., wdiich is a larger and broader insect.

Ilydnohius contractus, n. sp.

Oval, very convex, shining ; testaceous, the eyes black, the aatenual club
slightly infuscate. Head broad, finely punctured, the eyes rather small ;
antennae slender, with the 5-joiiited club stout, joint 8 small. Prothorax
trfiusverse, rounded at the sides, wider towards the base, the hind angles
almost obliterated, the base margined; closely, conspicuously, uniformly punc-
tate. Elytra comparatively short, with regular rows of moderately coarse
punctures placed in almost obsolete striae, the striae becoming slightly sinuate
on the disc and the puncturing more confused towards the sides, the interstices
each with a row of punctures which are scarcely finer than those of the striae,
the humeri obtuse. Length 1| mm.

Rah. India, Sarda in Bengal {F. W. C).

One specimen, obviously 5 , the posterior femora being unarmed.
Shorter, smaller, and more convex than the European H. punctatus and
H. pz/nctatissimiis, the antennae slender, with a stout club. The only
described Indian Hydnob/us is H. tro])icus Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. xxxix,
p. 397, 1866), from the mountains of Nuweiu Elia, Ceylon, which is
characterized thus : — " Statura et color H. piinctati sed paulo minor.
Ellipticus, subconvexus, vix punctatus, nitidus, fulvo-testaceus, oculis
nigris ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis planis, subtilissime rugulosis.
— Long. 1 1., lat. \ 1." This species, omitted from the " Munich Cata-
logue," must be different from the one here described.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTEKA, by the
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THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGOSStFLIES

(ODONATA or PARANEUROPTERA;
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CONTENTS.

r
Notes on the '' " '' '^\''' ^ '"".uana (contiiuied). — G. '!'. T. ;' '^ '

F.Z.S

A Ccrambycid iufeating pine cones in India (Chlorophorus strobilicoia, n. sp.)

(tcith two Plates).—H. G. Champion, B.A., F.E.8. .,

;Tovv species of StapLylinidae from Ceylon — Part I. — M. Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.E.S 2S

Observations on the Horse Bot-fly, Ga ?tropliilus eqiu F. — ^1. E. Hamm, F.E.S. . 22';*
Notes on the Staphylinid genera Hoplandria Kr. and Coenonica Kr. — M. Cameron,

M.B. , B.N., F.E.S. ^ , '-^r,

Coleoptera at Dunster. Somerset. — J. E. Blacl;. F.L.S. ...

Odonta'^us mobilicornis Fab. in Wiltshire — G. B. Ryle

Coleoptera of the Brighton district ; a correction. — Id

Further localities for Platypus cylindrus F. — H. Donisthori-)e, F.Z.S ,,..., 2:.U

Choerocampa nerii at Huddersfield. — G. T. Porritt, F.L.S ,,.,.,,.,

The sound-producing organ of Deinaorida megucephala Bullcr, — G. V. Hudsc.

F.E.S

Diptera in Perthsiiire. — j

A note on four British Coccids. — F. Laing. .F.E.S,

■Review. — "Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif ul< (. uufcuLuis Lvviv^,ic^u'-

du Baron Edm. de Selys Longehamps '" , ,

Society. — South London Entomological Society ..

Some Indian Coleoptera (1). — G. C. Champion, F.Z. '•

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, ' 241

Thiimahdi ind/'cif.f, n. sp. ^ ^

Broad oval, widened posteriorly, shining, thickly clothed with long, fine,
erect yellowish pubescence; aeneo-piceous, the explanate margins of the pro-
thorax testaceous, those of the elytra brown, the eyes and mandibles black, the "
antennae and legs testaceous, the antennal club (except at the extreme tip)
])iceous ; the head and prothorax closely, rather finely punctate. Elytra
gibbous, rounded at the sides from the moderately prominent humeri to the
apex, widest beyond the middle, the explanate margins broad throughout ; the
surface rather uneven, impressed with irregular rows of moderately coarse
punctures, which become larger and deeper towards the sides, the interstices
with scattered very minute piligerous punctures. Length 6|, breadth 4| mm.

Sab. India, W. Almora in Kumaon (H.G.C: x.l917).

Two specimens. Very like T. subfilis Reitt., from the Caucasus,
from which it differs in having the elytra a little more elongate, widest
beyond the middle, broadly explanate throughout, and rounded at Ihe
sides from the base, the disc more coarsely punctured, the humeri
less prominent externally. Allied forms occur in Japan. The ecnus
Tliymalus is apparently an addition of the list of Indian Trogosit dae.

Teredolaemus major, n. sp.

Elongate, c^dindvical, glabrous, shining ; black, the anterior margiu of the
head, oral organs, antennae and legs, and in one specimen a spot at the side of
each ventral segment, ferruginous or testaceous, the femora slightly infuscate.
Head broad, closeW, finely punctate, the ej'es large; antennae with a large
broad-oval club, the shining basal portion of which is about as long as the
opaque apical portion, the latter bluntly rounded at the tip, the suture between
them feebly curved, joint 9 strongly transverse, much wider than 8. Pi-othorax
convex, about as long as broad, slightly compressed and distinctly narrowed
towards the base, the latter very feebly bisinuate; finely, rather sparsely punctate.
l:]lvtra about two and one-third times the length ot the prothorax, fhittenetl on
the disc anteriorly, bluntly rounded at the apex; with somewhat irregular
rows of tine, approximate punctures placed in almost obsolete striae, tlie sutural
stria continued to the apex, the interstices fiat, irregularly uuiseriate-punctate
(some of these punctures being larger than the rest); the apical declivity
rather broadly longitudinally excavate near the suture. Tibiae strongly,
angularly dilated at the apex. Length 4-4i, breadth H-l| mm. ( 9 •)

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon {II. G. C).
Two specimens (one of which is certainly $ ), sent in spirit with
various insects found under the bark of Pinus longifolui, in which it
doubtless preys upon beetle larvae. Larger and broader than of the
four described Indian members of the genus (T. similis Sharp, and
T. unicolor, himaculatus, and concolor Grouv.), with a differentl}' formed
antennal club, and more widely excavate apical decUvity of the elytra.
The type of the genus, T. [joUtus Sharp, from Japan (figured in Journ.

T

242 [NoTember,

Linn. Soc, Zool. xix, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1886), has a broader, rounded antenna!
club, formed by the fused tenth and eleventh joints, Teredolaemus
differing in this way from Teredus, which has 11 free joints to the
antennae.

Mycetopliagiis hifasciahis, n. sp.

Oljlong-oval, shining, closely, finely pubescent ; nigro-piceous, the head at
the sides in front, the antennal joints 1-5 and 11, and two transverse angulate
fasciae on the elytra — one post-basal, with a ramus extending forwards along
the sixth intei'stice to the anterior margin, and one at about the apical fourth,
neither reaching the suture or outer margin — fulvous, the palpi and under
surface more or less inf uscate. Head densely, finely punctate ; antennae rather
stout, gradually widened outwards, the infuscate joints 6-10 transverse,
11 oval. Prothorax short, broad, the sides arcuately converging from near the
base to the obtuse anterior angles, the hind angles rather prominent, the base
bisinuate and deeply bifoveate; closely, not very finely punctate, with very
minute punctures intermixed. Elytra moderately long, shallowly punctate-
striate, the interstices almost flat, densely, somewhat roughly punctulate.
Length 4-4^, breadth lTa_-2iVmi"-

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon (H. G. C).

Four examples, found in June 1918, m a hard Polyporus on an old
pine stump. Compared with the three Indian Mycetophagi already
noticed or described by myself in this Magazine {cf. liii, pp. 53-55,
March 1917), the present insect has very differently maculate elytra, the
antennal structure being similar to that of M. fraternus Grouv. The
elvtra are angulato-bifasciate, as in various fungivorous Tenebrionids,
and in 31. antennatus Reitt., from Japan, and M. californicus Horn,
from N. America. Compared with the Japanese M. antennatus, the
antennal joints 6-10 are less transverse and not so stout, and 11 less
acuminate, and the elytral markings are reduced to the two incomplete
ngula te fasciae.

Stagetus denticornis, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, very convex, moderately shining, thickly clothed with pale
brownish-cinereous, shaggy pubescence ; piceous or nigro-piceous, the antennal
joints 2-11 ferruginous, the palpi testaceous; the entire upper surface densely,
extremely minutely punctulate, with scattered intermixed slightly larger
punctures. Head rather broad, transverse; eyes large, emarginate in front;
apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, securiform, that of the labial pair also
securiform; antennae moderately long, ll-jointed, 1 stout, curved, 2-8 short,
4, 6, and 8 each produced into a sliort tooth, and 5 and 7 into a longer, curved,
dentiform process, on their inner asyiect, 9-1 1 dilated into a long broad,
freely 3-jointed, flattened club, 9 about as broad as long, 10 elongate-
ti-aingular, 11 elongate-oval. Prothorax short, conical as seen from above,
the sides slightly rounded and rapidly converging from the base forward.

1919.] 243

Elytra oblong, abruptly narrowed behind, narrowly stiiatod, the striae im-
pressed witli fine oblong punctures, the interstices Hat on the disc, somewhat
convex towards the outer margin, the humeral callus
prominent. Beneath densely, minutely punctulate, with
coarser punctures intermixed ; mesosternum with a
compressed, laminiform, vertical process, which is
received in a narrow, deeply-cut groove between the
anterior coxae ; metasternum smoother in ^j^^^'iHowly
grooved down the middle posteriorly, narrowly, trian-
gularly produced in front between the intermediate
coxae, the process margined nnd nearly reaching tlie ^^«i/ei«s denticoniis.
hook-like termination of the mesosternal lamina; terminal ventral segment
hollowed in the middle posteriorly, more deeply in the specimens assumed to
be males. Length 3-3^, breadth I5-2 mm.

Hah. India, W. Aliuora in Kumaon (II. G. C).

Bred in great numbers from fungus in June 1917 and again in
June 1918. The species differs from Theca as defined and figured by
Mulsant and Key (Terediles, 1864) in the form of the antennal joints
4-7, and in the structure of the anterior portion of the metasternum
(the latter being emarginate in the middle in front in S. hyrrlioides,
instead of produced into a sliort narrow process between the coxae as in
S. denticorrds). The krger examples of the Indian insect with a
smoother metasternum and a shallower excavation on the terminal
ventral segment are assumed to be females. Schilsky (Kafer Europa's,
xxxvi, 1899), in his descriptions of numerous species of the present genus,
says that the eyes in some of them are larger in S ; but no sexual
differences in the antennae are mentioned by hiin, or by Mulsant and
Key or WoUaston. Pic's Catalogue of Anohiidae (1912) does not
include any species of Stagetus { = Theca), or of the allied genera
Eutheca and Xylotheca, from the Indian continent. Statjetomo)-phus
indicHs Pic (1914), from Mahe, must be a very different insect. The
name Theca Muls. and Key (1860) is preoccupied in Zoology, and Stagetus
Woll. (1861) is available for it.

Xylophilus hulbifer, n. sp.

S. Oblong, rather broad, moderately shining, finely sericeo-pubescent ;
obscure testaceous, the head and a broad transverse patch on each elytron (not
reaching the suture or outer margin) piceous, the legs, palpi, and antennae
testaceous ; the head and prothorax rather sparsely, minutely, the elytra closely
and much more distinctly, punctate. Head transverse, broader than the
prothorax, well developed behind the eyes, the post-ocular portions gradually
converging and subangulate as seen from above ; eyes moderately large ;
antennae long, slender, joint 2 short, about half the length of 3, 3-10 filiform
[11 wanting]. Prothorux about as lonu: as broad, subquadrate, hollowed at
the sides behind the middle (appearing subangulariy dilated anteriorly, as seen

y2

244

f November,

from above), convex on the disc, and -with a deep, arcuate depression (formed
by two confluent foveae) before the base. Elytra much wider than the head,
moderately long, arcuately narrowing from about the middle, strongly depressed
below the base. Legs long, slender; anterior tarsi with joint 1 greatly
dilated, convex above, oval, about twice the width of the tibia, 3 conspicuously
lobed, broader than 2 ; posterior femora curved, gradually widened towards the
apex beneath, the dilated portion terminating in a short tooth; claw-joint of
each tarsus very slender. Length L' ' , breadth 1 mm.

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon {H. G. C).

One male. Easily recognizable by the enormously developed basal
joint of the anterior tarsi and the curved, dilated, angulate posterior
femora. X. hidlifer is not very closely related to any of the numerous
Indian species recently described by myself . The Bornean X. latimamis
has somewhat similar anterior tarsi in 6 .

(Jnopus jpinicola, n. sp.

Oblong, shining, finely pubescent; fusco-testaceous, the head usually
darker and the prothorax somewhat rufescent, the antennae and legs testa-
ceous ; the head and prothorax closely, minutely, the elytra more distinctly,
punctate. Head strongly transverse, broader than the prothorax, not extended
at the sides behind the eyes, the latter convex, prominent; antennae slender,
long in J , much shorter in 5 , joint 2 short, rather stout, subglobose, 3-10 sub-
equal in length, 11 much longer, acuminate-ovate. Prothorax transversely
subquadrate, slightly narrowed anteriorly, with a deep transverse sulcus before
the ba&e, which nearly reaches the outer margin and is sometimes slightly
interrupted in the centre. Elytra much wider than the head, comparatively
short, narrowed Irom the middle, transversely depressed below the base. Legs
very slender, including tlie posterior pair, which are scarcely so long as the
.ntermediate pair ; basal joint of posterior tarsi shorter than the others united.
Length 1, VI i mm. (d?.)

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon (-H. O. C).

Found in some numbers by beating Pimis longifolia. A minute,
very fragile insect, with the general facies of a small Melanophthahna
(fam. Latliridiidae). The feeble development of the posterior legs and
the shortened basal joint of the posterior tarsi bring this insect into the
genus Gnopus, the two known species of which are from Mexico and
the Southern United States respectively. Compared with the type of
the genus, C. Jlohri Champ., from Jalapa, the Indian C. pinicola is a
little more elongate, less shining, and more closely punctate, and has
larger eyes and more slender antennae.

£ruchus caerideus, n. sp.

Rather narrow, shining, blue or bluish-green, tbe antennae black, with tbe
ba^al joints to a variable extent in S , and usually at the base only in 5 ?

1919.] 245

testaceous, the leg-s black, the posterior pair blue, the pjgidium and apical
portion of the abdomen often rufous in $, in some specimens metallic as in J;
very finely pubescent, the prothorax with a dense oblong or subquadrate patch
of adpressed, white squamiform hairs at the base, extending forwards along
the disc and backwards over the scutellum and the basal portion of the ehtral
suture, the lateral margins of the prothorax and the sides of the body beneatli
also thicivly clothed with similar squamiform hairs, the general vestiture of the
elytra closer on the inner than on the outer half of the disc, that on the pygi-
dium and under surface cinereous. Head densely, finely punctate ; eyes large ;
antennae (<^) long, widening outward, joints 6-11 rather broad, 6-10 longer
than wide, ($) shorter, joints 6-10 about as long as broad. Prothorax about
as i.ong as broad, subcampanulate, strongly dilated posteriorly and narrow in
front, densely, rugulosely punctured, deeply bisinuate at the base. Elytra
moderately long, rounded at the sides behind the humeri, separately rounded
at the tip ; sharply, finely striate, the striae impressed with conspicuous oval
punctures which become much finer towards the apex, the interstices almost
flat, densely, transversely rugulose. Pygidium large, densely punctulate. Under
surface densely, minutely punctate. Posterior femora strongly clavate, armed
with a minute tooth towards tlie apex beneath ; anterior tibiae of (^ bowed,
that of 2 feebly curved. Length ^-2i, breadth 1^-1^ mm, ( d 2 •)

Hab. India, W. Almora in Kumaon (H. G. C. : v.l918).

Bred in abundance from the pods of Lespedeza stenocaoya (Order
Leguminosae). The brilliant shining blue surface of this small Bruchid
separates it from all the described Indian members of the genus, and
intleed from all those known to me from other parts of the world,
metallic coloration being rarely met with in this family of beetles. The
females vary in the colour of the pygidium and of the terminal ventral
segments of the abdomen, some specimens having these parts of the body
metallic as in c' , and others have them rufous. The males are constant
in this respect, but the antennae in this sex are sometimes almost
wholly testaceous. A metallic green parasitic Chalcid {Enfedus sp. ?)
was bred in some numbers from the same pods.

Bruchus maculipyga, n. sp.

Elliptic, much narrowed in front and behind, convex beneath ; shining,
reddish-brown, the upper surface more or less nigro-variegate (especially
towards the sides, suture, and apex of the elytra), the pygidium with a large
rounded black patch oil the apical half, sometimes divided down the middle,
and usually continued forwards to the base, becoming gradually wider anteriorly,
antennae testaceous, joints 6-11 often more or less infuscate (especially in
specimens assumed to be males); palpi and eyes black; legs testaceous or
obscure testaceous, with the tips of the tarsal joints 3 and 4 black ; thickly
clothed with a fine adpressed vestiture, which in the paler examples is almost
wholly tawny on the prothorax and elytra, that on the darker specimens partly
partaking of the ground-colour, these latter Avith numerous small, oblong ur
subquadrate, cinereous and black spots; tlie black patch on the pygidium

04A [November,

bordered by a sinuous whitish line or patch (which often encloses a small dark
spot), the vestiture of the under surface and legs brownish white, the anterior
portion of the broad pygidial stripe sometimes fulvous. Head densely, finely
punctate ; antennae rather short, still shorter in 5 , the joints 6-10 transverse,
moderately broad. Prothorax convex, broader than long, rapidly, arcuately
narrowing from the base forward ; closely, conspicuously punctate, with very
minute punctures intermixed. Elytra oval, comparatively short, flattened
on the disc, strongly dilated inferiorl}^ (as seen in profile) below the
humeri ; with finely punctured sharply-cut striae, the interstices densely, rugu-
losely punctate. Pygidium very large, oval, densely rugulose, the sinuous
inner edge of the whitish lateral patch disguising the true margin. Posterior
femora broad, armed with a very minute tooth before the tip beneath ; posterior
tibiae compressed, stout, cariuate, sharply toothed at the inner apical angle.
Length 3|-4, breadth 2 mm.

Sal). India, Delira Dun {B. S. Hole).

Described from a long, variable series bred during July of the
present year from seeds of Acacia gagiana sent to the Botanical Depart-
ment of the British Museum. Dr. G. A. K. Marshall cannot identify
tliis species with any of the numerous known Indian members of the
group, and it is at his request the description has been di'awn up hy
myself- and included in the present paper. The sexes, if correctly
identified by me, differ in the length and colour of the antennae, these
organs being shorter and paler in the supposed females. The long
pygidium, Avitli a broad, mesially constricted, white-bordered, black
stripe, is a conspicuous feature in the pi'escnt insect.

Ilorsell.

Au(/vst 22nd, 1919.

NEW BAEK-BEETLES FROM THE NEIGHBOUEHOOD OF
VLADIVOSTOK (EAST SIBEEIA).

BT PAUL SPESSTTTSEY (SPESSIWZEFP),
Assistant Entomologist in former Imperial Forest Institute, Petrograd.

(Plates XV, XVI.)

JEccoptogasier jacohsoni, sp. n.

Length 3'8-4'5 mm. Dark brown, with the elytra and legs lighter;
antennae reddish. Front compressed in the male, clothed with yellow hairs,
which are less dense in the middle and are somewhat inclined towards tlie
centre; convex in female, impressed over the mouth, and almost glabrous;
the vertex in female with a median impressed line. Fronotum a little broader
than long (7:6); the punctures rather fine on the dorsal area, becoming coarser
and separate one from another on the anterior and lateral areas ; the piuicturaiion
resembles in general that of Eccojjtogaster ratzeburgi Jans., but is visibly coarser.
Fdyira bright, about as long as wide (16:14), with almost parallel lateral

1019.] 247

margins ; strial punctures round, striae impressed ; interspacial punctures con-
siderably finer than those of the striae ; 1st interspace with two irregular rows
of punctures; 2ud, 3rd, and 4th interspaces each with usually one row of punc-
tures, here and there impressed. Abdomen concave, covered with very short
and sparse erect hairs in both sexes ; in the male the .'5rd segment with a
horizontal median finger-shaped process on apical margin, the 4th segment
with a faint median tubercle on apical margin (fig. 1) ; in the female the 3rd
and 4th segments are simple.

The proventriculusj(^^. 2) resembles that of Eccoptog aster ratzebiwgi Jans. ;
the anterior part of the proventricular plate (a) is covered with sharp cone-
shaped teeth, which are brown in colour and especially stout on the parts
adjacent to the medial margins ; the terminal parts of the apical laminate
teeth {b) are deeply and sharply splintered.

Chitinous parts of the male organ of reproduction (fig. 3) distinguished by
the following characters. The body («) is canoe-shaped, with acuminated
apical end ; the lateral folds {b) do not touch one another ; the body-apodemes
(femora) (c) cross each other and are as long as the body itself; the hood-
shaped terminal plate {d) is rather solidly chitinous ; from under this plate
protrudes the praeputial sac (not indicated on the figure), the laminated coat
of which is provided with very fine chitinous teeth.

The type of egg- and broad-galleries resembles that of Eccoptogaster
scolytus Fabr. ; the longitudinal egg-gallery has a slightly widened entrance
chamber at base and lies on the inside superficies of the bark, without touching
the wood ; the egg-gallery in question is 30 mm. long and 2'0 mm. wide ; from
each side of this gallery thirty close broad-galleries diverge, these latter not
cutting into the wood but just touching it ; each broad-gallery is nearly thi'ee
times as long as the egg-gallery.

Ten specimens and one block with but one well-developed galler3\
Under the bark of Ulmus sp., Vladivostok, 1915, Mr. B. Berger,
collector.

The name o£ this new species is given in honour of the eminent
Russian Coleopterist Mr. G-. G-. Jacobson.

Eccoptogaster semenovi, sp. n.

Length l*7-2'2 mm. Body shining, dark brown ; elytra, anterior and
sometimes posterior margin of pronotum lighter; head, underside, and in
mature specimens also the pronotum, almost black; coxa, apex of the femur,
tibia, and tarsus reddish-brown. Fro7it with long aciculate scratches from
mouth to vertex ; flattened in male and bordered with sparse but long and
slightly curved hairs ; in the female convex, almost glabrous, covered with
tparse, fine, scarcely visible hairs. Pronotum as long as broad, with sides
nearly parallel at the base, then regularly rounded in front; dorsal area
covered with tine slightly oval punctures, which become rounder, coarser, and
separate one from another on the lateral areas. Elytra as wide as pronotum,
with the sides parallel in the basal half, then narrowed towards the apex ; the
leno-th compared to the width is as o : 4 ; strial punctures slightly elongated ;
the interspaces each with a row of punctures, considerably finer than those of

248 [November,

the striae ; surfnce glabrous, the apical part only clothed with sparse, erect
hairs; external apical angles with visible serration. Abdomen concave; the
almost vertical 2nd segment iu both sexes with a short obtuse process, which
is flattened at sides and placed at some distance from the basal margin of this
segueut ; in the male the apical margin of the 4th segment is thickened in the
middle ; the abdominal segments of the mule are clothed with very fine erect
liairs, more or less evident around tlie outer area, but very sparse in tlie centre ;
in the female these hairs are equally placed, curved at the ends, and mucli
longer than those of the male. The hind tibiae are provided with long-
scattered hairs in both sexes.

l'roventricult(s small and faint. Proventricular plate (dg. 4) provided
with tubercle-like (jbtuse teetli, which become transparent, line, and sharp on
the under part of the plate; all these teeth are placed in more or less regular
tran.-verse rows ; the laminate teeth (/;) are not numerous and their margins
are simple.

llie organ of reproiludion of the male (fig. 5) is of a very peculiar form
owing to its asymmetry. One of the lateral folds (b) is more developed tlian
the other : the terminal plate (d) lies asymmetrical to the body of the organ,
and is in the form of a curved tube, the widened base of Mdiich is provided
with a closed caviforni ])roce,>-s {d') ; this pi'ocess is divided in two branches,
one of which is considerably shorter than the other; the apex of the terminal
plate is widened into a funnel, clothed with a glabrous lanuna, which may be
consideied to be a praeputial coat.

Under tlie bark of JJImus sp. The longitudinal egg-galleries usually
begin with a widened entrance-chamber ; the majority of tlie galleries
arc 10-12 mm. long : the longest one is 20 mm. and the shortest 5 mm.
long ; the broad-galleries are nearly four times as long as the egg-
galleries ; tlie}^ lie at first perpendicularly to the egg-gallery, then take
mostly a longitudinal direction. Both the egg- and broad-galleries are
e([ually but very superficially engraved in the wood.

Twenty-one specimens and two trunks with several galleries.
Neighbourhood of Vladivostok, 1915, Mr. B. Berger, collector ; Man-
churia, 191G, Mr. V. Verbicky, collector.

I name this species in honour of Mi'. A. Semenov, the well-known
Ivussian Entomologist, President of the Ilussian Entomological Society
and Honorary Fellow of the Entomological Society of London.

Hylesinus eos, sp. ii.

Length 2-25-3 mm. In size and shape and in colour of elytral vestiture
resembling Hylesinus fraxini Panz., but distinguished by the following cha-
racters : (1) front iu the male impressed, in the female somewhat concave ;
(2) pronotum dull and dark, almost glabrous, without scales, sparsely covered
with short downy, yellowish-grey hairs, which become denser and longer on
the posterior area ; (3) interspaces 1st, 3rd, and 9th of the el^'tral declivity
somewhat elevated, the 2nd impressed ; (4) interspaces 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, and

1919.] 249

9th each provided with a row of very tine tubercles, perceptible only in rubbed
specimens, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th without tuberculation. Other morpho-
li)gical characters as iu Hylesimis fraxmi Panz.

Under the bark of Fraxiniis manshnrtca Rupr. and Julians
onanslmrica Max. The galleries resemble those of II. fraxini: the
egg-galleiy transverse and double, the larval galleries a little shorter
and not so close.

Vicinity of Vladivostolc, 1912, 1915, Messrs. A. Czerski, N. Delle,
B, Berger ; Manchuria, 1916, Mr. V, Verbickj'.

Xylecliinus hergeri, sp. n.

Length l-6-l'8 mm. Head black, finely granulated and densely punc-
tured; front with distinct carina, covered with rather short yellowish hairs,
which are a little longer at the sides and considerably longer above the mouth ;
antennae reddish-brown, club darker, funicle 5-jointed. Pronotum dark brown,
as broad as long, widest iu the middle, from above nearly round, without dis-
tinct elevated median line, closely punctured, the rather deep punctures bearing
small yellowish-brown scales or scale-like bristles, declining towards an imaginary
median line. Elytra brown, more than twice as long as wide, with regular
rows of round punctures ; interspaces flat, equally and rather sparsely covered
with small punctures, which bear very small, separate, rounded, yellowish-
brown scales, those on the 1st interspace along the suture longer and more
closely placed ; besides these rounded scales, each interspace is furnished with
a regular row of erect and rather long bristles, contrasting on the dark elytra
and their brown scales by their bright yellow colour. Underside black, legs
dark brown, knees and tarsi brown.

A.S to the internal anatomy, the proventricular plate is characterized by
its smooth edged, not serrated, closing bristles ; and the male reproductive
organs by having the thin spicule bent in two places (tig. 6 A).

Under the bark of the branches of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.
The galleries suggest those of Xylecliinus pilosus Knoch : egg-tunnels
mostly transverse, often with a widening in the middle ; larval mines
very confused (fig. 7). Vladivostok, 1915, Mr. B. Berger, collector.

HyJastinus (? Hylastinoides, subgen. n.) alni Niisima.*

Ijength 3*2 mm. Head black, tinely granulated, with separate punctures ;
front with irregular, somewhat wavy surface, sparsely covered with short
vellovvisli hairs ; antennae reddish-brown, funicle 7-joiuted, club conical, with
6 distinct setaceous annulations and with chitinous 2nd and 4th sutures
(fig. 8 A). Fronotimi wider than long (4 : 3), black, sparsely covered with very
fine, downy, yellowish-grey hairs, finely granulated, with shallow punctures,
some of which are coalescent ; anterior and median sections of the lateral areas

* Japanese specimens dtecribed by Prof. Y. Niisima as Hi/lastes alni (Niisima, Y., "Die
Scolytiden Hokka.dus unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Bcdeutuug iiir Forstschaden," Journal of the
College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan, vol. iii, part 2, 1909, p. 137)
correspond to those found iu Vladivostok. Our more detailed description Bho^¥s that the examples
from Vladivostok do uot belong to genus Hi/laates Eriehs.

250 [November

armed with scattered, but very well developed tooth-like tubercles. Elytra
dark brown, lono-er than wide (3 : 2), wider than pronotum, and a little broader
behind the middle than at base ; their anterior and median areas glabrous, the
declivity clothed with very fine yellowish-brown scales ; the striae deeply
impressed, narrow, interspaces wide and convex on the posterior half; all the
interspaces transversely rugose, the rugosities finer towards declivity and
changing there into very fine, densely-placed punctures ; on the declivity the
interspaces 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th, as well as the apical margin, are armed
with rather strong tubercles and also somewhat elevated, the 3rd and 9th con-
joined, 6th and 7th separate and shortened (fig. 9). Underside almost black,
covered with downy, simple, and barbed hairs ; episternum and epimerum
densely clothed with silvery-white, barbed scales. Legs dark brown with
reddish-brown knees and tarsi.

The undivided anterior proventricular plate (fig. 10, A, I) well chitinized
on both sides between 1 and 9-10 parallel rows (a), the first 5 rows continuous
and unserrated, the first sinuated in the middle, the ribs of the slope on the
posterior plate (II) slightly serrated on upper part of the plate [b).

Certain characters of this species do not correspond exactly with those of
the genus Hylastinus Bedel * : more thorough examinations are wanted ; in a
preliminary manner it can be placed under a new subgenus, Hylastinoides.

Vicinity of Vladivostok, 1915 ; 3 specimens f under the bark of
Alnus sp. ; Mr. N. Delle, collector.

Myelopliilus pilifer, sp. n.

Length 3*6 mm. Allied to Myelophilus minor Hart., but distinguished by
the following characters : (1) interspaces of the basal half of tJ'e elytra pro-
vided with rugosities ; (2) interspacial punctures dense and nearly as large as
those of the striae ; (3) in addition to the erect hairs arising from the bases
of the interspacial tiibercles, there are fine, declining reddish hairs on
the interspacial punctures (fig. 11 A) ; (4) galleries resembling those of
M. piiiiperda L. : egg-tunnel longitudinal, but larval galleries considerably
shorter than those of M. inniperda L.

From M. puellns Reitt. this species differs in having erect hairs on the
eiytral interspaces and tubercles on the 2nd interspace on the declivity.

Under the bark of Pinus Jcoraiensis Sieb and Zucc. Vladivostok,
1915, B. Berger, collector.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Platk XV.

Fig. 1. Eccopfogaster jacohsoiii, sp. n. Abdomen,

2. „ ,, „ Proventricular plate : a, anterior plate;

b, posterior plate, with apical laminate
teeth.

* Bedel, L., " Fauna de Cole'optferes du bassin de la Seine," Ann. 8oc. Ent. France. 1888, p. ."^Ss ;
NUsslin, O., " Zur Phylogenie iind Systematik der einheimiachen Hylesiniden," Nature. Zeitschr. f.
Forst-u. Landw., 1912, ]>p. 267-2Sit ; Fueha, G., " Morphologische Studien iiber Borkenkafer II.,
Die europiii-^cUen Hylesiuen," Miinchen, 1912.

t O.ie of these specimens, much damaged and without abdomen, was used for the examination
of the proTentriculus.

1919.] 251

3, EccoptoguKter jacohsmii, sp. n. Cliitinous parts of tlie c? organ of re-

productiou ; a, body of the organ ;
b, lateral folds of the same ; c, body-
apodemes (femora) ; d, terminal plate ;
e, tegmen ; /, spicule.

4. „ semenovi, sp. n. Proveiitricular plate : a. anterior plate ;

b, apical laminate teeth.
5- „ „ „ Chitinous parts of the c? orjran of re-

production : a, body of the organ ;

b, lateral folds of the same ; c, body-
apodemes (femora) ; rf, terminal plate ;

c, tegmen ; /, spicule.
6 A. Xi/lccJiinus hergpvi, sp. n. Spicule.

6 B. „ pilosu.-<, llatz. Spicule.

Plate XVI.
Fig. 7. Xylechimin bcryeri. Galleries.

8 A. Hylastinoides aim Niisima. Antenna.
8 B. Hijlastinus fankliauseri Reitt. Antenna.
9. Hylastinoides alni Niisima. Elytral declivity.
10 A. „ „ „ Proventricular plate : I, divided an-

terior plate ; II, posterior or masti-
catory plate : a^ chitinous part of
anterior plate ; b, serrated ribs of the
slope ; c, closing bristles ; d, masti-
catory brush.

10 B. Ilylastitms fanJchauseri Reitt. Proventricular plate : lettering as-

in 10 A.

11 A. Myelophilus 2yilifer, sp. n. Elytral interspaces..

( ., minor Hart. „ „

11 B.^ -.7 1

{ „ pi7iiperda JL. „ ,,

Rovakko (Golzin hovi), Pyhajarvi, Vp. 1., Finland.
September 3rd, 1919.

NEW SPP]CIES OF STAPHYLINIDAE FROM CEYLON.— Part I.

BY MALCOLM CAMEEOJN', M.B., E.X., F.E.S.

(Concluded from p. 228.)

Medoii (s. str.) championi, n. sj).

Rufous, moderately shining, the elytra rufo-testaceous, -with a broad^
transverse, indeterminate pitchy-brown fascia ; abdomen pitchy-red, the-
posterior margin of the 7th or whole of the 8th dorsal segment reddish-testa-
ceous ; antennae and legs reddish. Length 4 mm. Head transverse, sub-
quadrate, the eyes moderately large, the temples briefly rounded, rather coarsely
and closely punctured, the interspaces shining and without ground-sculpture.
Antennae with the 3rd joint slightly longer thau the 2nd, the 4th and 5th a

252 [November,

little longer than broad, 7th and 8th moniliform, 9th and 10th somewhat trans-
verse, 11th conical. Thorax as broad as the head, one-sixth broader than long,
the sides nearly straight, gradually converging behind to the rounded posterior
angles ; disc before the scutellum with a short raised smooth line, lightly im-
pressed on either side ; puncturatioii tiiier than that of the head ; pubescence
scanty, yellowish. Elytra a little broader than, and fully half as long again
as the thorax, longer than broad, with a broad ill-defined pitchy fascia across the
disc, leaving the base narrowly and the posterior margin more broadly reddish -
testaceous ; puncturation as coarse and close as on the thorax, but more super-
ficial ; pubescence yellow, moderate. Abdomen moderately coarsely and pretty
closely punctured anteriorly, much more finely so posteriori}', somewhat closely
covered with j-ellowish pubescence throughout.

Hal}, Balangoda, alt. 1770 feet ( G. Lewis).

Medon hasalis, n. sp.

Red, shining, the elytra reddish-testaceous, the posterior half black, the
abdomen reddish-brown ; antennae and legs reddish-testaceous. Length 4 mm.
Allied to M. brimncus Er., but with the head and thorax broader, the antennae
shorter, and the elytra differently coloured. Head large, transversely quadrate,
the eyes small, the base emarginate, the temples rounded ; puncturation coarse,
close, obsoletely umbilicate in front, less coarse and more obsolete posteriorly
and on the temples, the interspaces without ground-sculpture. Antennae with
the Sl'd joint a little longer than the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th longer than broad,
gradually decreasing in length, 7th and 8th as long as broad, 9th and lOtli
scarcely transverse. Thorax a little narrower than the head, somewhat trans-
verse, the anterior angles briefl}^ rounded, the sides gradually convergent
backwards to the broadly rounded posterior angles ; disc with a tine impressed
median line throughout ; puncturation coarse and close, as on the front of the
baad, obsoletely umbilicate ; pubescence scanty. Elytra a little longer and
broader than the thorax, longer than broad, the anterior half reddish-testaceous,
the posterior portion black, without, however, a definite line of demarcation ;
puncturation moderately coarse, but superficial and rather close, pubescence
scanty. Abdomen reddish, moderately finely and somewhat closely punctured
iiateriorly, more sparingly so posteriorly ; pubescence yellowish, moderate.

(S . 7th ventral segment with a deep acutely triangular excision.

Hal. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet {G. Lewis).

Neobisnius rujipennis, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra red ; antennae brown, the first two joints testa-
ceous ; legs testaceous, the intermediate and posterior tibiae, and sometimes
the femora, a little infuscate. Length 4'75-5 mm. Head black, shining,
almost square, the eyes moderately large, their diameter considerably less than
the leugth of the temples, which are rounded posteriorly ; the front and a broad
space extending the length of the vertex impunctate, the rest of the upper
surface with large scattered punctures, the temples finely and sparingly
punctured; pubescence yellow, rather long and scanty. Antennae with the
"lid joint shorter ihan the Sid, the 4th slightly longer than bioad, the 5th to

1919.]

253

the 7th as long; as broad, the 8tli to the 10th scarcely transverse, 11th oTal,
Thorax narrower than the head, a little longer than broad, the anterior angles
obtuse, the sides gradually convergent to the rounded posterior angles; disc
with a broad impnuctate median space throughout and externally with large
and scattered puncturation ; pubescence scanty and moderatelv long. Elvtra
red, as long as but broader tiian the thorax, longer than broad ; puncturation
fine, by no means close ; pubescence scanty, moderately long. Abdomen
elongate, black, the apex pitchy, the bases of the first four visible segments
especially, coarsely and closely punctured, more finely and sparingly punctured
posteriorly ; pubescence moderately long and scanty.

Hah. Nuwera Eliya, alt. 6230-8000 feet ( a. Lewis).

Fliilonthus iripu7ictatus, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra aeneous-bronze, the abdomen iridescent; thorax
with dorsal series of three punctures. Length 10 mm. Very closely allied to
P. hipunctatits Bernh., but differing in the following respects : the more strongly
transverse penultimate joints of the antennae, which are nearly twice as broad
as long; the rather broader thorax, the disc of which carries three rather small
punctures; and the more finely punctured abdomen and less finely punctured
elytra. Head transverse, subquadrate, the median intra-ocular punctures much
further apart from one another than from the lateral ones ; the eyes large, their
diameter much greater than the length of the temples ; post-ocular punctures
three in number, and a single puncture on either side at the base. Antennae
black, the 1st joint pitchy beneatli, the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length, tho
4th as long as broad, the 5th to the 10th transverse, gradually increasing in
breadth, the penultimate nearly twice as broad as long, the 11th short. Thorax
broader than the head, about as long as broad, the sides rounded in front, a
little sinuated behind the middle ; disc with a row of three rather small
punctures — one on the anterior margin, the 2nd and 3rd separated by a space
of the same length as that between the 1st and 2ud, the 3rd situated a little
before the middle of the thorax ; externally with two small obliquely placed
punctures close together, and one or two near the anterior angles. Scutellum
rather coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra as long as and a little broader
than the thorax, transverse, shining, obscure bronze-green, moderately finely
and somewhat closely punctured, but not so finely as in P. bipnnctatus ; pub-
escence short and scanty. Abdomen parallel, black, iridescent, but less so
than in P. bipunctatus, and more finely punctured throughout than in that
species, finely and not very closely pubescent. Legs black, the femora dark
pitchy, tlie first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the last ; anterior tarsi
strongly dilated in J , slightly in 5 •

S . 6th ventral segment with acute triangular emargiuation ; oth ventral
segment with a small rounded emargiuation.

Hah. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet {G. Lewis).

JPhilonthus puhipennis, n. sp.

Black, shining, elytra pitchy, very obscurely greenish-bronze ; thorax with
dorsal row of three punctures, the first small, the following larger ; antennae

254 [NoTember,

black, the legs pitchy. Length 12 mm. Build of P. cinctulus Gr., but the thorax
a little broader, the antennae longer and entirely dark, the elytra more finely
punctured and more obscurely coloured, the abdomen without iridescence and
more finely punctured. Head large, transversely subquadrate, as broad as the
thorax, with the median intra-ocular punctures widely separated, and seven or
eight lar^'^e punctures behind the eyes, which are large but not prominent.
Antennae with the 3rd joint a little longer than the 2nd, the 4th scarcely longer
than broad, the oth to the 10th as long as broad and not increasing in breadth.
Thorax scarcely transverse, the sides nearly straight in front, a little narrowed
and sliglitly sinuate posteriorly ; disc with a row of three punctures on either
side, the first small and on the anterior margin, the second and third larger,
the latter situated well before the middle; the sides with three punctures, and
near the anterior angles are two or three others. Scutellum pretty closely and
asperately punctured. Elytra as long as and a little broader than the thorax,
scarcely transverse, rather finely and pretty closely punctured, with a fine,
rather close, brownish pubescence. Abdomen parallel, entirely black, without
trace of iridescence, very finely and moderately closely punctured and pubescent
throughdut. Anterior tarsi dilated in cT ( 5 unknown); the first joint of the
posterior tarsi as long as the last.

J. Gth ventral segment with rather deep nearh" semicircular excision.
Hah. Kitulgalle, alt. 1700 feet {G. Leiv/s).

PhilonfJius versicolor, n. sp.

Black, siiining, abdomen strongly iridescent ; thorax multipunctate on
either side; antennae black, the first joint pitchy-testaceous beneath; legs
testaceous, the anterior coxae pitchy, tibiae a little infuscaie. Length 9 mm.
This species would appear from the description given to be very closely allied
to P. eustilbus Er., but to differ in the following respects : the 1st joint of the
antennae only is pitchy beneath and the abdominal segments are not reddish at
the margins. Head transverse, suborbicular, the eyes large, their diameter
much greater than the length of the temples, median inira-ocular punctures
wanting, the series represented by a single juxto-ocular puncture on either side ;
posteriorly with three or four large punctures in the vicinity of the eyes.
Antennae with the 3rd joint a little longer than the 2nd, the 4th to the 10th
all distinctly longer than broad and scarcely differing in length or breadth, the
11th as long as the preceding. Thorax a little broader than the head, about ns
long as broad, the sides almost parallel, the posterior angles broadly rounded ;
the disc on either side of the middle with a somewhat irregular row of ten or
eleven punctures, external to this the sides are very sparingly and more finely
punctured. Scutellum finely and closely punctured and pubescent. Elytra
scarcely longer but a little broader than the thorax, slightly transverse, pretty
closely and finely punctured and finely but distinctly pubescent. Abdomen
gradually narrowed behind, strongly iridescent, finely and sparingly punctured,
pubescence rather long and sparing. First joint of the posterior tnrsi longer
than the last ; anterior tarsi simple in 5 [ J nnkiiown].

Hah. C£YLo:s, district not stated.

:9i9.)

255

Uonosoma montaniun, n. sp.

"Red, shining'; antonnae and legs testaceous, the former filiform. Length
4"5 mm. Build of C iminaciilafum Stepli., but larger and difTerontly coloured
the antennae long and filiform ; rather more obsoletely punctured and less
pubescent. Antennae with the 3rd joint a little longer than the 2nd, the 4th
to the 10th all much longer than broad but gradually decreasing in length, the
11th as long as the preceding.

Hah. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet (G. Lewis).

BALKAN BUTTERFLIES.
BY HERBERT MACE.

Although there is a bright displaj^ of butterflies during the summer,
two 3'eai's' collecting in the Balkans produced a much poorer crop of
species than I had expected. As a matter of fact, five species which
were extremely abundant, brightly coloured, and conspicuous, accounted
for the display. These* were the " Painted Lady," the " Clouded
Yellow," the "Bath White," and the two " SwaUovv-tails."

Comparatively little freedom from military restriction was obtain-
able during the campaign, or I might have secured a greater number of
species, for the country is so broken up into more or less isolated ravines
that an insect might be plentiful only a short distance from the places
one was able to visit.

Macedonia being at the opposite end of Europe, some comparison
between its species and those of Britain is interesting. Of thirty-six
species which are common in Britain, only fourteen are abundant in
Macedonia ; and of thirty-four species which I found common
in Macedonia, twenty-one are absent or very rare in Britain.

In the Nymplialidae a curious feature is the absence of V. urticae,
accounted for by the scarcity of the common nettle ; and in the genus
Argynnis, notoriously local insects, there appears to be a total difference
in the species, not one of those I found being known (except latlionia
very rarely) in Bi'itain.

Five of our British species, though common in Macedonia, appear
as a distinct local race. These are S. megaera, G. ^pam-philus, L. phlaeas,
F. astrai'clie, and A. thaumas.

Another feature I noticed was the occurrence of extremely dwarf
forms of several sjiecies, similar to those produced from time to time
among bred specimens, which is, 1 believe, accounted for by malnutrition

956 [November,

of the larva owing to unsuitable or inadequate food, and it is possibly the
case that in such a dry climate a certain number of larvae are obliged to
subsist on food of less succulence than ordinary.

Papilio podalirius was generally distributed, but found only in ravines
where there was a perennial stream. It has a lofty, sailing flight and the eggs
are deposited high in the pear-trees.

P. viachaon abounded especially ou dry hillsides', a curious circumstance
when one considers its habitat in ]'higlaud. My specimens are paler than
British ones and are much less heavily marked.

Thais hypermnestra. — An early species, on the wing from March to Rfay.
Very local and of short duration.

Aporia crataegi. — Abundant in May and much the commonest '' white"
while it lasted. Ou one occasion I saw twenty-five congregated on a patch of
damp sand and several of these were spotted with pink, presumabl}' from some
liquid which had been spilt over them.

rieiis brassicae. — Not common. I saw one as early as February 4th.
One male has the discal spots beneath much larger than normal and con-
nected by a narrow band, the lower spot extending to the hind margin, and
near the costa is a small double spot, the whole arrangement suggesting a
broken band across the wing.

P. rapae. — Moderately common, but not nearly so abundant as in England.
Specimens much smaller than British. Earliest date the second week in
March.

P. napi. — Scarce. My specimens are all faintly marked and suggest a
transitional form between this and the last.

Pontia daplidice. — Abundant throughout the seasun, the later brood,
appearing about July, being most profuse.

JEuchloe ausonia. — The only " Orange tip " I saw, and that sparingly.

Colias hrjale. — Common from April to November. Prefers the plains and
is not so strong on the wing as the next species.

C. edusa. — Extremely abundant from the second week in March to the end
of November, fresh specimens appearing about the end of June.

The var. helice moderately frequent.

Argynnis maia. — The most striking butterfly I met with in the Balkans.
In the autuuui it was very abundant in a ravine near Janes, and the following
May it was in even greater profusion at the same place. Unlike pap/iia , this
is not at all strong on the wing, its flight being heavy and it settles frequently.
On a certain clump of acacias I found numbers resting with closed wings on
the under side of the leaves, where the soft green of the under surface proved
strikingly protective. It is more gregarious than any other fritillary and,
indeed, its habits are quite diflerent from those one associates with the British
fritillaries.

A. lathonia. — Abundant from March to June. Much addicted to tracks,
like the " Wall," which it much resembles on the wing.

1919.1 257

Melitaea didi/tna.—hoca], but abundant where it occurs, from the middle
of May to June.

M. trivia. — One specimen only, ilying with didyma.

M.phoebe. — Abundant in ravines from the end of Ajril to June.

Polygonia C'-album. — One specimen only ; March.

Vanessa polycJihros. — One only; April.

V. 10. — Only seen twice ; March and June.

Pyrameis atalcmta. — In a ruined village where I was on duty for several
montlis this butterfly was very common, sailing to and fro in tlie gardens in
the fearless friendly way one associates with the insect. It was on the wing
till December, when it went into hybernation, although the weather was still
mild and open. It appeared again in March.

P. canlui. — The most abundant of all Macedonian butterflies. In the
autumn of 1918 I found hundreds round a barley stack. I'resuniabiy tliey
had gone there to roost, but the numbers upon and flying round the stack
were uncountable.

Satyrus meyaera. — Moderately common from April to October. All the
specimens I examined were of the var. lyssa with grey hindwiugs. Another
noticeable difference is that the subsidiary eye near the tip, which is only a
small spot in the type, is clearly ])upilled in the var., and the eyes on the
hindwings beneath are larger and more distinct.

Coenonympha paviphilus. — Abundant from April to November. All of the
var. Jylliis, which are larger, the apical spot is more distinct and there is a
submarginal row of small spots on the hindwings.

Hipparchia briseis. — Not very common, but seen occasionally in .June and
again in autumn. I found it only in the roughest and stoniest hollows, and it
was hard to capture, being strong on the wing.

JSpiitephele lycaon. — I may have overlooked this, the male being very like
jurtina, but I have only one specimen, a female taken near Lake Uoiran in
September.

E.jurtina. — Abundant from May to September. In one ravine I found
a number of curious forms, darker than noi-iual, but with much albinism,
especially round the outer margins of the hindwings. There was also a good
deal of distortion, the affected wings being often crumpled and shortened.

31elanaygia larissa.—ThQ only "Marbled White" taken. A few only
seen flying over reeds near the Spanc River in May. Much stronger on the
wing than the British species.

Thecla acaviae.—A few fresh specimens found flying round a vetch
in May.

2\ rubi. — One specimen only ; April.

Lycaena thersumon.—Ex.treme]y abundant on Janes Plain, but elsewhere
I only met two isolated specimens— one near Kasimli in July, the other on the
banks of the Ardjau in August. At Janes it was abundant during August and
September, and in 191H the first brood appeared in the tirst week of May,

z

258 [NoTember,

continuing to the end of June. It was addicted to the blossoms of heliotrope,
and it was a charming sight to see several puirs flying round and settling upon
this plant, the intense colour of tlieir wings foruiiug a striking contrast to the
■white of the flowers. I took several specimens of the var. omphale, which are
smaller, yellower, and have longer tails.

L. phlaeas. — Differed both in form and habit from the British pMaeas, all
being heavily suffused with greenish black, slightly larger, and the tails at the
outer angle are long and prominent. 1 did not find this species much in open
country, but in sheltered ravines and brambly passages between rocks it was in
great profusion.

Polyommatus telicanus. — Only found by the banks of streams and in the
immediate vicinity of its foodplant, the Purple Loosestrife, round which there
were often scores to be seen. Very inconspicuous and swift in flight. The
most elusive " blue " I have met with.

P. argus. — Common in June and July, flying round the Polygonum
rumicis.

P. astrarche. — Smaller than British. The red spots are brighter, more
uniform, and extend quite to the costa. The pupils of the eyes are also larger
than in British specimens. Common in ravines in April and May.

P. icariis. — Abundant in the usual habitats from April to September,
One afternoon I observed a congregation of thousands in a cave-like opening
in a ravine. Variation much as usual, but no blue females seen.

P. cyllurus. — Three specimens only. Flies in bare rocky places in April.

P. argiolus. — Common where ivy occurs, appearing as early as March.

Spilothyrus alceae. — The commonest skipper, flying freely over the plains
and visiting thistles arid centaureas. I also found a good many at the loose-
strife in company with P. telicanus ; July and August.

S, altheae. — Not so common as the last, but of similar habits. I have a
note of its appearance in April.

Hesperia sidae. — One specimen only, taken in a ravine in May.

H. malvae. — Common on hillsides in April and May. Blacker than
British, and the submarginal band very indistinct. A very variable species,
•which appears to merge imperceptibly into its allies.

H. orbifer. — On the wing a little later than malvne, but frequents similar
eituations.

Adopaea thamnas. — Common in ravines as early as May and not long on
the wing. There is a decided difference between Macedonian and British
forms. All the former are distinctly larger and the colour is brighter orange.
The underside is more uniformly fulvous orange, and I have one example in
which the lower surface of both wings is wholly of that colour.

Faircotes, Harlow.

October, 1919.

1919.) 2o9

Coleoptera at the Lizard, Cornwall. — During a fortniglit (from June 6th
last onwards) spent at the Lizard in quest of Coleoptera I had the gratification
of securing a considerable number of the rare Dytiscid, *Af/abus brmweus F.
They occurred in gravelly little pools in the bed of a deep, drain-like rivulet.
In consequence of the drought of the previous weeks no water was flowing, and
the prostrate drying water-plants showed that none had passed over them for
many days. Notwithstanding this advantage for the beetle-hunter, the nar-
rowness of the channel, with its steep sides rising in places almost upright
for three feet or more, made collecting rather difficult. Moreover, the water-
course was rocky and thickly strewn with large stones which had to be thrown
out in order to work at the pools, whilst boulders demanding at least a crowbar
to shift them now and again blocked the way. Shingle, rocks, and stones
•were all harsh and angular, and my water-net, although small and very strong,
needed extensive repaii-s at the end of the hunt. Overhead, here and there,
a luxuriant growth of heather and gorse from both sides overlapped in the
middle and formed so effective a curtain that some clearance with the pocket-
knife was needed to get light as well as room for movement. Hitherto I had
sought for A. bruiuieus in streamlets well open to sunshine ; it was therefore
surprising to me to get it amidst such gloomy surroundings. Another good
capture was that of Miarus mic7-os Germ., of which I secured about sixty
examples. It was apparently not attached to any particular plant. Several
specimens occurred on species of Crejn's and Lotus ; and on a small detached
cluster of Armeria I took upwards of twenty ; yet on a large patch of the
same flower, several yards iu length, close by, not one was found. The insect
was distributed all over the district, and as a rule was taken two or more at
a time by general sweeping. My other captures include : Harpahcs tene-
broms Pej., H. serripes Schonh. (and, whilst waiting at Helston, a specimen
each of Anisodactyhis binotatus F. and its var. spurcaticornis Dej. were taken
in the road to Penrose), and a black form of Amaru uvata F.

Although carefully looked for, Staphylmidae were conspicuously scarce,
and traps of fur, feather, and sugar yielded common things only — and those
very rarely. The moss in the rills seemed to be also barren of the tribe, the
only species observed being the common Stemis ytdtula which leisurely stalked
out now and then, excepting in one little waterfall, well above high-tide mark,
where I secured a single example of *Lesteva fontinalis Kies., and, to my
surprise, from the weed of this absolutely fresh water several Micralymma
fMa;-jwww Stroem (breoipenne Gyll.) and Atheta halobrectha Shp. were shaken —
8pe<:ies not perhaps worth noting except for the unusual habitat.

Paljncornes were there in abundance, however ; at Kynance Ochthebius
impressicoUis Lap. {bico/on Steph.) occurring in countless numbers, and with
them a sprinkling of O. impressus Marsh. A single example of Hydraena
gracilis Germ, also occurred, and was the one and only representative of the
genus that I met with. At Caerthilian Helophori weve found in myriads, but
they are not yet determined.

Limnius troglodytes Gyll. also was in the streams, and in a grass trap
three Hyperaspis reppensis Herbst were taken ; * Heterototntts (Brachypterus)
pulicarius L. several, and *Meligethes mbruyosm Gyll. by sweeping; Silpha
obscura L. faii-ly common on the paths, etc. ; Aviphiinallus {Rkizotrogus)

0(]f) [Novembfr,

ochracens Knoch (several) flying in the siiii.shine, and Cardiophorus erichmni
n?uyss. {!?>) by sweeping long grass ; Cdthormiocerus maritiinus Rye (12),
*T7-achyphloen)i laticollis Boh. (13), and T. myrmecopJiilus Seidl. (24) at roots
of herbage ; Polydrusus cJiri/somela 01, one on Asparagus Island ; Barypithes
sulcifrons Boh. (a few); Sitones waterhonsei Walt, (one only); Smicronj/x
junyermanniae (18); *Amalns haeinorrhous Herbst {scortillum) (10); Ceuth.
diuvsuni Bris. (abundant) ; C. teninmififs Herbst (one) ; C. nasturtii Germ. ((>) ;
Meciiiiis circiilat us ^la.ifi\i. (one) ; ^Si/ntiin soilnh's Germ, (tliree worn exani]iles) ;
* Ty chins piisU his Germ, (pyymneus Bris.) (one) ; OrthocJiaetcs setioev Beck (Ci),
O. insiynis Aube (2); Cassida scmyuinohnta F. (1), and C. nvbilis L. in
abundance on Sdene.

1 am indebted to Mr. G. C. Champion and Mr. E. A. Newbery for l<iiid
hel]i in determining critical species for me, and to Mr. N. Mickiewood for
as.sistance in collecting. Names marked with an asteri.sk are, I believe,
additions to tlie county list of Cornwall.— James li. Kkys, 7 Whimple Street,
Plymouth : October \Wi, 1919.

Jiayons Jiitulosus in Ghnnorydn avd Berlis. — Dr. Sharp (Ent. ^NFo. Macr.
1917, p. 10(5) speaks of this as a rare species in Britain. It moy thf-refore
be worth wliile recording that I took several examples last Ivisler on tlie
Llanmadoc sandhills, Glaniorgansliiie, in small -'pockets," dug \)\ rabbits.
I have also a single one from Oxwich liay in the i^anie county, l^ast .Tuly
]Mr. P. Ilarwood discovered it in a fallow tield at Barkham near Wokiiigliam,
and .subsequentlv I took it there in numbers. The field had been ])louglied
and then allowed to go fallow, and water had evidently been standing in the
fuiTOWS. When we visited the groutid it was covered with a profusion (d"
herbage, and the Bayous occurred under various plants with a marked
preference for the loots of Jinicus Imfoiiius. Nearly all the beetles were
unusinilly clean and " un-muddy." — J. P. i.E B. Tomlin, Peading ; Oc/ober
Jofh, 1919.

Flnfi/pns cyh'ndnis in Worcestershire. — In October 1918, I found a large
colouv of this beetle in an oak root on the outskirts of the Wyre Forest.
The burrows, of which there must have been some hundreds in the root, were
continued through the earth which was still adhering in places, and as the
beetles were at the mouth of the burrow there was no difficulty in obtaining
specimens. The in.sects were .still working in June of this year. This siunmer
two or three examples have begun burrows in a walnut-log in my garden,
but in no case do the burrows seem to have made much progress, and I have
found two or three dead beetles just outside the entrance. Perhaps tlie wood
is not as suitable as oak. In the same log are a number of colonies of
Xylehoriis dryoyraphus, with here and there a burrow of A', dispar. Of the
latter I found six or seven females, with one male, while of the former some
sixty females were examined, with only one male. Apparently parasitic on
X. dryoyrn2)hiis were Laemophloens bimcicnlatus and ferrHyinens. I Avas not
able to trace the connection absolutely, but L. bintaculatus wiis found only in
the immediate neighbourhood of the burrows, which themselves were confined
to a very small part of the log, just at the point where the bark was d\iug.

1919.:

261

OthPi- bcfttlps found in tlie low were: A^iommatus l^-.sfr/rt/H.? (nncler chips),
lihizophaf/m politus and parallelocolUs ; this latter is found abundantly all over
the o^arden, probably from the churchyard arljoining. Some other species new
to the district taken this season are : Cn/phnlns f.ilutp, bred from lime with
Steiiostola ferrea \ Cryphahis hinodulus, this must be commoTi from the number
of trees attacked, but is diftlcult to find; LartiiopJiIoejis afer, fomtd in July
always in pairs, on broom with ridopoj)hth(>riis rhndoilactylus ; and Orxodacna
cerani, beaten from hawthorn, one specimen, apparently var. ylabrata. —
G. H. Ashe, Hartlebury, Kidderminster : October \2th, 1919.

Somf. Coleoptera taken on Dartmoor. — Cicindela campestris L. occurs
sparing-ly in grassy places, and is the only member of the family taken.
Cdrabiis cdtenuldtus Scop., violdo.eus L,, and ncmoralis Miill. were found
sparingly under stones. The most interesting Carabid taken was Fanacfaeus
quadripiistidatns Stm. The Haliplids include Hnliplns fidnts F., tveJnickei
fierli., iniinnculntus Gerh., and variegatus Stm. I might add that //. mficolHs
])e G. is abundant. Among the Dytiscids may be mentioned D. maryinalis L.
and punctnlatus F. ; Deroaectes 12-piisfulattis F. Avas found commonly in large
pools and exhibits great variation. Staphylinids were not very common, Oci/ptis
ohns Miill. occurring at the edge of the moor very abundantly, and O. morio
Grav. and cflmpressus Marsh, sparinoly under stones. Amongst the Silphids,
most of tiie Npcrophori occur, and I have taken Necrodes littoralis L., Silpha
tJioracica L., ruaosa L., and atrata L. in similar localities. Corynibdes aeneus
L. was the most interesting Elaterid taken. The only Lnngicorns that could
be said to occur at all commonly were Stranyalia arniata Hbst. and lihnyium
inqnlsitor F. Tlie most interesting xylophagous beetle taken was Cerylon fuyi
Biis., out of a decayed ash stump. The Chrysomelid Thnarcha tenebricosa L.
occurs very commonly on the moor, and I have taken Chrysomeln banksi L and
goer tiny ensis L. sparingly. Rhynchophorids are not very abundant, Apion
7nin/atinn Germ, and Liopldoeus niibihts F. being the commonest. I am much
indebted to Mr. Balfour-Browne and Dr. G. W. Nicholson for identifying
specimens I have sent them. — E. J. Pearck, The Lodge, Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge : Se2)tember 20th, 1919.

Ndtonecta halophila Ediv. in Cornwall. — During August and September
I fouud specimens of this Noto7ieda in that part of Cornwall between Wade-
bridge and Port Isaac. It appeared to be the principal species in the district,
although I took one specimen of N. furcata F., two of N. maculata F., and
one of iV. ylauca L. which was bred from a larva obtained from Polzeath,
N. Cornwall. My best thanks are due to Mr. E. A. Butler f.)r kindly con-
firming my identification. This note may be of interest as it seems that the
distribution of Notonecta in this country is not so simple as is generally sup-
posed. It appears that A', ylauca L. may be absent from some districts, as my
friend Mr. E. J. Pearce has sent me specimens of A^. maculata F. and N. fur-
cata F. from the Haytor district, Dartmoar, S. Devon. He failed, however, to
obtain any A^. ylauca L. although he thinks he has noticed it there in former
years. — G. E. Hutchinson, Ajsthor{Je, Newton Kd., Cambridge : Sept. -J-ith,
1919.

262

[November,

Aculeate Hi/menoptera in the Channel Islands. — Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin
very kiudly sent me any Hymenoptera he was able to box on flowers during
a visit to Guernsey last June, and an examination of this material sbows a few
additions to the lists published in Eut. Mo. Mag. 1902, p. 140, and 1903, p. 245,
and by Luff in Ent. Mo. Mag. 1907, p. 39. The following is a complete list of
the species taken, an asterisk being placed against those which are apparently
new records for the Islands : —

Guernsey.
*Ir{do7ni/rmex humilis Mayr, one 9 ^-nd O"^ 9 • Myrmi'ca scahrinodis
Nyl., one ^. Tftrainorium cuespitum L., one $ and sevei'al § ^. Acantho'
myops niger L., four ^ ^ ; ^. alienus Forst., two $ §. *Furmica pratetmis
Retz., abundant on herbage in Petit Bot Bay and nests on the cliffs between
this locality and The Gouffre ; F.fusca L,, four ^ ^. TachysjJie.v pectinipes
L., Moulin Huet, 28.6. 19. Philanthus triangulum Fab., one c? > L'Ancresse,
Cerceris ryhyensis L., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19, several. Odybelus uniglumis L.,
several from Moulin Huet, 28.6.19, and The GouftVe, 27.6.19. Crabro cribrarius
Fab., Moulin Huet, 28.0.19. Crossocerus elongatulus V. d. Liiid., Moulin Huet,
one cJ, 28.6.19. Lindenins albilabris Fab., Moulin Huet, one S , 28.6.19.
Odynerus jmrietum L., Moulin Huet, one (^,28.6.19; O. /)/c^ms Curt., Moulin
Huet, one J. 28.6.19. Hylaeus hyalinatiis Sm., Moulin Huet, one Si 28.6.19.
Sphecodes divisus K. {si7nilis Wesfm.), The Gouffre, 27.6.19: S. affinis v. Hag.,
Moulin Huet, 28.6.19. Halictus leucosonius Schr., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19 ;
H. minutissimus K., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19; H. smeathmunellus K., Moulin
Huet, 28.6.19. Andrena carbonaria L. (pilipes Fab.), Moulin Huet, 28.6.19;
A. ayilissima Scop. {Jlessae Pz.), Moulin Huet, 28.6.19, and The Gouffre,
27.6.19; A. Jlavipes Pz. {fulincrus K.), Moulin Huet, 28.6.19; A, angustior
K., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19; A. cingulata Fab., Moulin Huet, several, 28.6.19;
*A. saundenella Perk., Moulin Huet, several, 28.6.19; *A. sp. ? Moulin Huet,
28.6.19, one specimen, very old and worn, which Dr. Perkins considers very
close to parvidoides Perk., and possibly that species; A. tvilkella K., Moulin
Huet, 28.6.19. Panuvgus calcaratus Scop., The Gouffre, 27.6.19 ; P. nrsinus
Gniel., The Gouffre, 27.6.19. Nomada lineola Panz., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19,
including a S of a colour variety not recorded for the British Isles; N.Jlava
Panz. {f2(/lconiis E. Saund. part.), Moulin Huet, 28.6.19. Meyachile mitritima
K., Moulin Huet, 28.6.19.

Sark.
*Astata boops Schr. *Odynerus reniformis Gmel., one example, the yellow
markings are more extensive than in British specimens. *Colletes daviesanus
Sm. * Hylaeus hyalinatus Sm.

Herm.
*Halictus morio Fab.

I am indebted to my friends Dr. R. C. L. Perkins and Mr. Horace.
Donisthorpe for kindly examining most of these specimens, and, in com-
menting on the Ants, the latter writes that the occurrence of Iridomyrmex
fiumilis — the Argentine Ant — is of great importance, as it is a terrible pest and
gets established very quickly, — II. M. Iiallktt, 64 Weatbourue lid., Penarth :
October Uth, 1919.

1919.] 263

(ibituariT.

Through the death of Willinyn E. Sharp, wliich took place suddenly at
Crowthorne, Berks, on May 20Lh, we have lost one of the best of our JBritiah
Coleopterists. Sharp was born at Sparkbrook, near Birmingham, in 1856;
when he was three years old, his father engaged in business in Liverpool, and
the family removed to Oxton. Cheshire ; subsequently he went to Birkenhead
School, where he received a prize from the hands of Cliarles Kingsley, for
whom he always had a great respect ; from an early age he showed a taste
for natural history — this and an urtistic temperament he inherited from his
mother. Dr. Pearce, the headmaster of Birkenhead School, was very anxious
that he should go to Oxford or Cambridge, but he was prevented through lack
of means, and joined his fatiier's business. In 1883 he married Miss Katherine
Green of Ledsham. For many years he was a member of the Lancashire and
Cheshire Entomological Society, and in 1906 he published his valuable list of
the Coleoptera of Lancashire and Cheshire. In 1899 he took up work in
London and joined the Entomological Society, and made many friends. His
health, however, broke down, and a few years ago he retired to Crowtliorne.
The district round Crowthorne, often known as the " Wellington College
district" (the College being situated in the parish of Crowthorne), is one of
the best collecting grounds in England, and the country with its undulating
sweep of pine woods stretching for miles towards Hampshire and Surrey was
a source of perpetual delight to him, both from an artistic (he made many
water-colour sketches) and natural history point of view. The chief publica-
tion written by Mr. Sharp was a volume entitled " Common Beetles of the
Country Side," an excellent piece of work, showing both great accuracy and
considerable literary ability. He had a strong sense of the beautiful, and some
of his descriptions of localities have a true poetic ring about them. We have
already mentioned his Catalogue of Lancashire and Cheshire Coleoptera, and
he was a valued contributor to the " Entomologist's Monthly Magazine"': two
of his last contributions were on the Coleoptera of the Crowthorne district, and
the habits of Melanuphila acuminata, the " Fire-beetle," which appeared in
great numbers in 1918 in places where the pine woods were being cut down and
the stumps and refuse burnt.

The subject of our memoir was one of the kindest and most amiable of
men ; he was most generous and always ready to show his localities to any
Coleopterist wlio desirtd information : one could not imagine his quarrelling
with anyone for his one desire was to help. He had had great troubles through-
out his life and met them all bravely, but there is no doubt that the death of his
sun in 1916 (he Wiis shot by a sniper in France) did much finally to break his
health. We will conclude with the following quotation from a letter from a
Coleopterist well-known to most of us and who really ought to have written
this notice ; after speaking of his great ability as a Coleopterist and his lovable
character, he continues : — " I have known him now for nearly a quarter of a
century, have kept up regular and close correspondence with him, and have
explored many parts of the kingdom in his company, and I can safely say that
I have never had a better friend, and have never met a man whom I esteemed
so warmly as Sharp." His collection of beetles has been purchased by the
Liverpool Public Museum. — \V. \V, F,

2(54 [NoTember,

Major Thomas Bfoim died on August 24th at Auckland, New Zealand.
This veteran Coleopterist, for some tiuie Government Entomologist of New
Zealand, was well known by his writings to many workers in this country. We
hope, when further particulars of his life are available, to give a more extended
notice of his career. He must have described some thousands of species of
beetles from that colony. A first set of his insects has, we believe, been
bequeathed to the Nation.

Bruce F. Oummings died on October 22nd. He was on the entomological
staff of the British Museum from 1U12 to 1917, when he retired, owing to
long continued ill-health. His entomological writings mainly related to
Anoplura and Mallopluuja. His work entitled " The .Journal of a disappointed
man," published under the pseudonym of W. N. P. Barbellion, appeared early
in 1919. It has caused a certain amount of comment in the press.

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA OF BRITISH GUIANA.

BY G. E. BODKIN, B.A., DIP.AGEIC. (CANTAB.), F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Government Economic Biologist, British Guiana.

(Published by the permission of the Director of Science^and Agriculture,
British Guiana.)

{Continued ffom p, 219.)
Ptinidae.
Lasioderma serricorne Stephens. — One of the worst pests of stored,
dried products in British Guiana. Plays havoc with leather, tobacco in
all its forms, books, jDapei", biscuits, and other forms of di-ied foodstuffs.
Carbon bisulphide is an effective remedy. Articles likely to be attacked
must be stored in carefully constructed and well-fitting cupboards, boxes
or cases. The interiors must be fumigated with carbon bisulphide at
least twice a year and a plentiful supply of naphthaline or camphor must
always be present.

BOSTRTCHIDAE.

Xylopsocus capucinus Fabr. — This species occurs also in Ceylon.
Om- specimen was obtained at the Penal Settlement, Mazaruni Eiver.

Tekebbionidae.
ZopJiohas confusus Geb. — Issororo, N.W,D.
Z. laticollis Mots. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Strongylium morbillosum Fabr. — Mazaruni E.
JJloma retusa Fabr., var. bicolor Kirsoh. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Camaria clandestina Pasc. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Goniadera dissipata Kirsch. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Fhobelius lucifugus Lacord. — Issororo, N.W.D.

J^ SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

Hod. N. Chaeles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrale-i by Eight Plates
liasuod in the Ent, Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 48-112), prico 1b. Gd. Apply to
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THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES

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By R. J. TILLYARD, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., F.E.S.

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CONTENTS.

PAG-Z

Somo Imlian Coleoptera (1' /). — 0. C. CJiampion, F.Z.S , 241

New Uark-beetles from the noigiibourhood of Vladivostok (East Siberia) {with

two Plates). — P. Spc'-isivtsei' (Sx/essiivzeff) ,.., 246'

Ncv species of Staphylinidae from Ceylon — Part I (concluded), — M. Cameron,

M.B., R.N., F.E.8 £„i

Balkan Butterfliea.— if, M'>- , 2.55

Coleoptera at the Lizard, Cornwall, — J. H, Keys, F.E.S 2.59

Bagous lutnlo.'sus in Glamorgan and Borks, — J. R. le B. Tom''. in, M.A.. F.E.S. ... 260

Platj^jus cyliiidrus in Worcestershire. — G. H. Ash e 2'30

Some Coleoptera taken on Dartmoor — E. J. Pearce 2*>1

Notonecta halophila Edw. in Cornwall, — Q. E. Ilntchinson 2hl

Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Cha,nnel Islands. — 11. M, HaVett, F.E.S 2G'2

Obituary. —W. E. Sharp. F.E.S ^G^

"I'li'S's - "=

Notoi- on ot British (l-niajui ico)iti)ii'e(T). — G. E. TiixTkin, B.A..

F.Z.S ..,, 20^:

THE NATURAI.IST:

A MONTHLY II.LU.STEATED .''OUfiNAT, OF

NATUKAL HISTORY FOR THE NOETH OF ENGLANJ^

EDITKD Br

T. SHEPPAKD, M.Sc, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., F.S.A.Scot.,

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Prof. P. F. EEJSTDALL; M.Sc, F.G.S. JOHN ViT. TAYLOB, M.Sc,
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ESTOMOLOGi

1 i k)

MOBTHLr MAiiAZINf

W. W. i'OWLEJi, D.:i'j
W, LLOYD, F.E.S

J, J. WALKER, M A., E. c-

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Some Inai;iii Coleopto ,■ ).—G. C. Champion, F.Z.S , 241

New Bark-beetles from the iieigiibourhood of Vladivostok (East Siberia) (ivith

tir.o Plates). — P. Sjje.-isivtsev (Spessiwzef) , , , . > 210

No^v fipvecies of Stapliylinidae from Cej'lon — Part I Iconclnded). — M. Cameron,

M.B., E.K, F.E.8 .,.,... 251'

Balkan Butterflies.— If, M«-v 255

Coleoptera at the Lizard, Cornwall. — J. H, Keys, F.E.S , , . . 259

Biigous lutiilogus in Glamorgan and Berks.— J. R. le B. Torn' in, M.A., F.E.S. ... 260

Platypus cyliiKlrus in Worcestershire. — G, H. Ash e 2*30

Some Coleoptera taken on Dartmoor — E. J. Pearr- "'"T

Notonecta halophila Ed\f . in Cornwall. — G, E. U

Aculeate Hymcuoptera in the Channel Islands. — H. M. IlaUett, F.E.S Ii02

Obititabt. -W. v.. Sharp. F.E.S. 203

■', Broun, 1

i'.nij;' h . Cummings , . -

Notes on tiie Coleoptera of British Cniiar,, 'ed). — G. E. Bodhin, B.A.,

F.Z.S ,

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendkh
Square, W. — December 3rd, 1919, and January 21st, 1920 (Anmial Meeting).
The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.
The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, wheii \\

:. ..io«ed at 2 p.m.^ "'"^ '"'^^^i i o '■ "' on Meeting nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTOEl
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exhibition of slides.

The Chair vill be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7.p.i'
on the let and 3rd Tue.?days in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbui
Circus, E.C, will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entoj
dogists now staying in this country, and to give tbem the benefit of its library a?
coliactions. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbur
Houso, E.C.

Hon. Sec, : J, Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

CMnrjford Branch. The ChLngford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Caf
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each montli.

1919.]

205

NiLIOJflDAE.

Nilio yillosus Fabr.— Tumaturaari, Potaro.
N. pilosus Cast. — Issororo, N.W.D.

CiSTELIDAE.

AUecula castaneipenms Champ. — Suddie, Essequibo.

/

CUKCULIONIDAE.

Mhyncliophorus palmarum Linn. — This beetle may be found all
over British Guiana. The larvae may be discovered in decaying or
diseased trunks of coconut palms, and the diseased or rotting stems and
and rooting systems of sugar-cane. The adults are attracted to the
odour of any decaying palm and will deposit their eggs therein. The
larvae are not considered a gastronomic delicacy as they are in the Island
of Trinidad (known there as "gru-gru" woims) and elsewhere, though
they are occasionally eaten by the Aboriginal Indians of the country.
About thirty years ago this insect was considered a pest of sugar-cane in
the Colony, but it is seldom found as such in these days. Coconut palms
in an advanced stage of " bud rot " are singled out for attack In- this
insect.

Rhina harhi^'ostris Fabr.^Only occasionally met with. Attiucted
to artiticial light. Widely distributed.

Metamasius hemipterus Linn.* — The commonest weevil, with the
exception of Calandra oryzae Linn., in British Guiana. Invariably
associated with sugar-cane, and ma}'' be found breeding therein either on
the coastland plantations or in the sugar-cane pitches of tlie Aboriginal
Indian in the far interior. Very seldom attacks health}^ strong-growing
cane. On some estates this insect performs damage by attacking the
cane " tops " Avhen placed in the soil and thus destroying the " eyes " of
the cane. Often found in canes atiacked by fungus.

M. obsoletus Gyll. — East eoas ,, Demerara.

Calandra oryzae Linn. — This cosmopoliton beetle occurs all over
British Guiana and is responsible for the annual loss of many thousand
dollars' worth of stored products.

Eusfylus hodkini Mshll. — Issororo, N.W.D. Species described
from specimens from British Guiana.

E. puher Olive. — Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

* Det. Schwarz, U. S. National Mueeiim.

Ofifi IDecember,

AmaJactus nigritus Gyll.-^-Skeldon, Courantyne coast.
Atenistes attenuatus Fabr. — Skeldon, Courantj-ne coast.
Gleogonus rubetra Fabr. — Onderneeminef, Essequibo.
G. conicollis Eosenscb. — Ikuraka Lake, Essequibo.
Chohts annulatus Linn.^ — A common species on coastlands. Tbere
are many sligbt variations o£ the same sj)ecies.

Cylindrocorynus dentipes Bob. — Canje Creek, Berbice.

HiJijms 2)ardal/s Pasc. — Eockstone, Essequibo B..

H. discoides Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

H. elegans Guer., var. — Issororo, N.W.D.

H. ocelJatus Fabr., var. — Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

H. apiatits Oliv. — Issororo, N.W.D.

H. elegans Guer., var. poecilus. — Issororo, N.W.D.

SracJiyomus octoUihercidaius Fabr. — Eockstone, Essequibo E.

Ileomus mucoreus Linn. — Eockstone, Essequibo E.

Ortlwgnatlius Hindus Gyll. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo E.

Crafosomiis hianmdatus Cbamp. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo E.

C. hoplites Perty. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo E.

C. bos Gyll.— Mora whanna, N.W.D.

Piazu7'us compactus Gyll. — Konawaruk, Potaro E.

P. phlesus Fabr. — Konawaruk, Potaro E.

Centrinus cemas Bob. — Courantyne coast.

Hypoptus macularis Champ.— Issororo, N.W.D.

Euhulus ortliomasticus Germ. — Berbice Eiver.

Brenthidae.

Brenthus anchorago Linn. — Widely distributed and occurs com-
monh\

B. hidentatiis Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

B. calcar Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Belorrhynclius curvidens Fabr. — Occurs rarely.
Arrhenodes gnatlio Licht. — Demerara E. and Tumatumai'i,
Potaro E

A. angitUcoUis Gyll. — Upper Mazaruni E.

1919.]

267

AxTURi lii I) \i:.
Itychoderes I'iiyafHs Fahr. — Caiije Creuk, Hcrljice.
P. viridanus Boh. — Puruiii R.
P. callosus Jek. — Mazavuni R.

Ceeambtcidae.

Macrodontia cervicornis Linn. — This powerful beetle is of fairly
common occurrence. It is known locally as the "Sawyer Beetle," owing
to its observed habit of clasping a 3^oung growing twig of about 1 inch
in diameter with its mandibles, and then, still retaining its grip, gyrating
.swiftly round and round till the twig is severed. The noise thus pro-
duced is characteristic and easily recognised again when once heard.
Its object in this performance is obscure. The larva has been success-
fully reared within the decaying trunk of a coconut palm. Occurs both
on the coastlands and also in the interior.

MctUodon sjnnihai'he Linn. — A rare species. Liberty Island, Esse-
(]uil)() K., and Onderneeming, Essequibo.

Clilorida festiva Linn. — Of common occurrence. At times injures
the bark of Hevea rubber trees.

Orfliomegas cinnamonens Linn. — Widely distributed. The larvae
on one occasion were found boring into the dead and dry stem of a
Hevea rubber tree.

Callichroma suturale Fabr. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

C. viftatum Fabr, — Onderneeming, Essequibo coast.

Tracliyderes succiiictus Linn.^ — Occurs all over the Colony. Tlie
adults may frequentl}^ be seen during the daytime feeding on the sweet,
sticky secretion of the flowering heads of Para grass. This beetle takes
readily to flight and is as active in the daytime as at night.

T. melas Boh. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

Ebiii-odacrys sulphureosiijnata Er. — A widely distributed forest
sj)ecies. Attracted to artificial lights.

Pyoioutorphus centroliiiputus Bates. — Occurs freijuently within
the forest area.

Colohothea unnulata Fabr. — Rockstone, Essequibo R., and Deme-
rara R.

C, poecUa Germ. — Essequibo coast.

C. li)ii(/)iata Bates. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.

2a2

oaQ [Deeember,

AcTiryson surinamum Linn. — Issororo, N.W.D.
Ozodes nodicollis Serv. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Neoclytus rufus Ollv. — Data missing.

Enoplocerus armillatus Linn. — Paraweeka Ck., Esseqtiibo R.
Glyptoscapus cicatricosus Auriv. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Perihoeum pubescens Oliv. — Christianburg, Demerara R.
Ihidion maronicum Thorns. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Ommaia notahiUs White. — Bartica, Essequibo R.
Meqaderus stigma Linn. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R., and
Christianburg, Demerara R.

Hammaticherus plicatus OH v. — 3k)tanic Gardens, Georgetown.
li. hatus Linn. — Christianburg, Demerara R.

Cyllene cayennensis L. & G. — Canje Creek, Berbice. Adults taken
on " Blood-wood " tree.

Mecometopus loallacei White. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
M. lactus Fabr., var. — Issororo, N.W.D. {C.B. Williams).
Listroptera tenebricosa Oliv. — Bartica, Essequibo R.
Ghrysoprasis aureicollis White. — Demerara R.
Pantonyssus nigriceps Bates. — Tumetumari, Potaro R.
Oxymerns luteus Voet. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Sfrirastoma depressum Linn. — Found throughout the Colony. It
cannot be regarded as a dangerous pest of cacao here as in Trinidad.
*S'. melanogenys White. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Taeniotes subocellatus Oliv. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.
Oreodera glauca F. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.
O. verrucosa Bates. — Christianbtirg, Demerara R.
Acantlioderes daviesi Swed. — Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R.
A. lateralis Bates. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Anij^liionyclta megalojjoides Bates. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Oncideres repandator Fabr. — A pest of mango trees. Onder-
neeming, Essequibo coast.

0. albomarginata Th. — Recorded as destroying the bark of a Kola-
nut tree. Issororo, N.W.D.

Oni/clwcerns scorpio F. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.

Nyssodrys deleta Bates. — Issororo, N.W.D.

269

Oedopeza potjonocheroides Serv,— Essequibo and Mazaruni Rivers.
Pol i/ra phis Jiorrlda F.— Rockstone, Essequibo R.

Acrocinus lon(/imanm L.— Known as tbe "Harlequin Beetle."
Rarely met with. Paraweeka Ck., Essequibo R,
A, trocklearis L, — Georgetown.

Bruchidae,

Car^oboriis nucleorum* F. — A common species of Bruchid which
attacks exclusively the seeds of various species of pahns. The following
si>eeies of palms are known to be thus attacked :

Bactris major, JSlais guianeensis ("West African Oil Palm),

The characteristic damage performed by these beetles has been observed
in the seeds of the Cokerite palm {Maximiliana regia). The habits of
this insect were exposed by some unsuccessful attempts to germinate
a number of seeds of the West African Oil Palm grown in Bi-itish
Guiana. Almost every seed was found to be infested by the larva of this
beetle- The seeds while on the palm have a fleshy covering which is
usually gnaw«d off by fruit-eating bats. The seeds eventually fall to
the ground and there become infested by the Bi-uchid, probably in the
following manner. The adult female beetle deposits its ^^ within the
micropyle of the seed. On emergence the young larva makes its way
down through the micropyle to the kernel, where it remains and feeds
till mature. The perfect insect emerges through a perfectly circular
hole which it neatly bores through the extremely hard shell. Appaa-entlj
perfect seeds on being broken open are frequently found to be infested
by a full-grown larva which fully occupies the interior of the seed.
It could only have obtained entiy when freshlj^ hatched from the egg bv
transversing the micropyle as described above. Fully 80 per cent, of
the seeds are often found tlms attacked. By removing the seeds before
thev fall to the ground such attack may be sueeessfully avoided,

Spermophagus semifascicdns Boh. — This species of Bruchid was
brought into British Guiana with a large shipment of beans. Fully
50 per cent, of the beans were infested. The destruction of the entire
shipment was undertaken in consequence.

'Chrysomelidae,
Megalopodixae,
Mastostethus curvatus Fabr. — Tumatumari, Potaro R,

* Det. Schwarz. U,S. Natural Museum.

i^70 fDccemI)er,

Clytrinae.
Iscliiopaclti/s hicolor Oliv. — Essequibo and Berbiee Ilivers.

Chla my nix a e.
Clilamys litigiosa Lac. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

EUMOLPINAE.

Myochrous nrmatits Baly.^This small beetle damages tlie immature
foliage of sugar-cane when the leaves are tightly rolled up and form the
centre shoot. The insect gnaws into the shoot, never biting it com-
})letely through. Wlien the leaf becomes fully expanded, wherever this
l)eetle has l)een at work, a row of circular, equidistant holes appear right
across the leaf-blade. These pests are exceedingly numerous on all sugar
estates.

Colaspis liypocldora Lef. — This species is occasionally troublesome
to the foliage of rose trees.

C. fastidiosa Lef. — Berbiee.

G. flavicornh Fabr. — Feeds on wild Solanaceous jilants. Fairly
common.

C. trivicdis Boh. — Onderneeming, Essequibo coast.

C. aeruc/inosa Germ. — A common and Avidely distributed species.

JBiorus cli/troides Lef. — Agatash, Essequibo R.

Eumoljjits surinamensis Fabr. — This handsome species is occa-
sionally met with in the interior districts. Sometimes found in small
colonies.

Prioiiodera hicolor Oliv. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

Metaxyonyclia testacea Fabr. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

GJialcopliana viridipennis Germ. — Mazaruni R. {W. D. Cleari/,
1915).

Iihabdopte?'iis limhcdis Lef. — Damaging young cacao leaves. Esse-
quibo River. 19.viii.l8.

Ghr j -so me una e.
Dorypliora arcuata Oliv. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.

D. maculata Oliv. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.
Z). annidcda Er. — Upper Mazaruni R.

JJ. ((estuans Linn.

D. comica Stal.

D. ohscuripennis Stal.

D. q^uadripustulata Panz.

D. ruhropunctata DeG.

D. vittata Fabr. J

271

Additions to list made by Dr. Gr. A. K.
^ Marshall. No specimens exist in
this collection.

Halticinae.

Epitrix pilosa Jac. — Invariably associated with the foliage of the
eg^ plant {Solmmm melongena). It bites out innumerable small holes
especially in the younger leaves. Causes serious damage. Common on
coastlands.

Haltica jamaicensis Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Galerucinae.

Coelomera cayennensis Fabr.— One of the commonest species of
beetles in the Colony. The larva feeds on the foliage of the " trumpet
tree" {Gecropia pelf af a).

G. hajula Oliv. — West coast, Demerara.

Dircema cinctipennis Clk. — Rockstone, Essequibo R.

D. nigripenne Fabr. — Tumatumari, Potaro R.

HiSPIDAE.

Chalepus sanguinicolUs Linn., var.— Suddie, Essequibo.

Casstdidae.

Omoplata flava Linn.— A common species ; apparently confined to
coastlands.

O. marginata Linn. — An uncommon species. Coastlands.

Mesomphalm hipustulata L. {discors F.).— Occurs all over British
Guiana. A common species.

M. dlscoidcs Lain.- A rare species. Konawaruk R., Potaro.

M. iuaequalis Linn.— Rockstone, Essequibo R.

31. brachiata Fabr.— Bel Air, Demei-ara.

M.Jlavomacidata Fabr.— Issororo, N.W.D.

M. lateralis Linn. — Issororo, N.W.D.

272 [December,

Coptocycla sexpunctata Fabr. — This small insect when alive
appears as a small, rounded fragment of finely burnished gold. When
dead its brilliance vanishes completely. Occurs commonly.

C. judaica Fabr. — Botanic Gardens, Georgetown.

DolicJiotoma variecjata Linn. — Skeldon, Courantyne K.

CheJipnorpha criharia Fabr. — Skeldon, Courantyne li.

C. ciiKjulata Boh. — Issororo, N.W.D.

C. cUcosa Boh. — Bel Air, Demerara.

C brunnea Fabr. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Ctenochira qitadrata DeG. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Se/en/s spinifex Linn. — Issororo, N.W.D.

Cassida tristriata Fabr. — Skeldon, Berbice.

Tauroma hicornis Linn. — Tumatumari, Potaro li. A rare species.

TWO SPECIES OF BRITISH APHIDES.

BY F. LAING, M.A., B.Sc.

(Published by perniissiou of the Trustees of the British Mu.«euui.)

Macrosiphoiiiella aster is (Walk.).

Aphis asteris Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) iii, 1849,
p. 48.

Apterous Viviparous Female. Olive-preen, shiniDg, under surface pulveru-
lent, oval, domed. Ante)mae equal in lenjj:th to the insect itself, black, except for
the proximal third of segment iii, which is pale brown. Segments j, ii equal,

Fi.g 1. — Macrosiphoniella asteris (Walk.). Apterous §: A, Antenna;
B, Front of head ; C, Cornicle ; D, Cauda.

iii slightly longfer tlian iv, v shorter than iv, vi nearly twice the lengtli of v,
the spur being four times the base ; a few hairs on all the segments, imbrica-
tions faint on distal end of iii, and whole of iv, distinct on v aud vi ;

1819.] 273

proportions 5, 5, 28, 26, 20, 39 i^S-fSI). Primary sensoria on v nucl vi,
4-5 secondary sensoria on basal one- third of iii. Antennal tubercles very
moderate. Head brown, eyes ])ink. Rostrum reaches to the third pair of
coxae, greenish, dark at tip. Pro- and metatliorax rather darker than the
prevailing colour. Leys pale brown with coxae, tips of femora and of the
tibiae, tarsi and claws black. Lengths: femora of i 0"()4 mm., iii 08 mm.;
tibiae i 0*92 mm., iii 1-32 mm.; tarsi i 0"16 mm., iii 0'14 mm. Abdomen
domed, shining, olive-green, with black tufts arranged more or less regularly
in rows ; these in balsam preparatic^ns generally show a spine in the middle.
Semilunar black mark at base of each cornicle. Towards the margins a
slightly browner shade. Cornicles black, wider at the base than at tip, flanged,
re'iculated on apical half. "3 mm. long. Cauda coloured as in abdomen,
equal in length to the cornicles, 3-4: marginal hairs, 2-3 mediiui-apicallv%
Anal plate black.

Total length 2"o mm.

Apterous females only ; colour notes from living specimens.

Shoeburyness, Essex, 31.viii.l919 {K. G. Blair) on Aster tri-
polium (nee A. trifolium of Wilson and Vickery's list).

This species has not been recorded since Walker described it.
His material seems to have been lost, but his colour description agrees
with the species here redescribed. It is a typical Macrosiphoniella,
and is allied to both J/, artemisiae (Boyer) and M. millefolii (Fabr.j,
but readilj distinguishable from both. This brings the number of species
belonging to this genus up to twelve. Del Guercio (Kedia, vii, 1911,
pp. 331-333) includes Siphono2)hora lutea Buckt. in Macrosijphoniella,
but judging from the slide in the Buckton Collection the species should
be placed in Macrosiphum Pass.

Aphis tripolii, sp. n.

Apterous Viviparous Female. Ovate, vivid green, with irregular darker
green on abdomen. Antennae with segments i-iii very pale green, iv-vi darker
green, half the length of the insect, segments i and ii equal, iii a little shorter
than vi, iv a little longer than v, spur of vi twice the length of the base ;
proportions 3, 3, 10, 7, 6 (4+8), length -8 mm. Head green, eyes red, thoracic
segments green, strong lateral tubercle on prothorax. Rostrum reaching to
the third pair of coxae. Leys very pale yellow, distal end of tibiae black, tarsi
black. Lengths: femora of i -48 mm., iii 72 mm.; tibiae of i -80 mm.,
iii 1-20 mm. ; tarsi of i '20 nun., of iii '20 mm. Abdomen with five marginal
papillae on segments 1-4, and 7. Cornicles dark brown, imbricated, slightly
longer than the cauda, 0-2 mm. long. Cauda dark brown, a little shorter than
the cornicles, four marginal hairs.

Length 16 mm.

Alate Viviparous Female. Head, thorax, black, abdomen green. Antennae
black, about two-thirds the length of the insect, segments i, ii equal,
iii considerably shorter than vi, iv and v equal, spur of vi more than twice

274

[December,

tlie length of the base, iii imbricated, with 9-11 secondary sensoria, arranged
along- its whole length, iv with three sensoria, v witb sometimes one sensorium
half-way along. Proportions 15, 15, 65, 50, 50 (23+54), total length 1 nun.
Head with one median and two lateral ocelli. Rostrum reaching the bind
co.\ae. Prothorax with a strong lateral spine. Abdomen with tive pairs of

^"^OliilB?^

Fig. 2. — Ajthis tripolii, sp. n. Alate 2 : A, Antenna ; B, Cornicle :
C, Cauda ; D, Antenna of apterous $ .

marginal papillae on segments 1-4, and 7. Cornicles dark brown, imbricated,
a little longer than the cauda, and slightly broader at the base than the apex,
•18 mm. long. Cauda dark brown, with four marginal hairs, '16 mm. long.
Fore legs pale brown, middle and hind pairs pale brown, with the tips of the
femora, tibiae, and tarsi black. Length : femora i '28 mm., iii "5 mm.; tibiae
i '54 mm., iii '80 mm. ; tarsi i -10 mm., iii "10 mm.

Length 1*5 mm.

Shoebm-yness, Essex, 31.viii.l919 {K. G. Blair) on Aster tri-
folimn. Co-types in the Brit. Mus.

British Museum (Nat. Hist.), S.W. 7.
November 1919.

A NEW SYCOPHAGINE (AGAONIDAE-CHALCIDOIDEA) GENUS AND

SPECIES FROM THE GOLD COAST.

BY JAMES WATERST03S', B.D., B.Sc.

The position of the remarkable form described below may be seen
from the following tables : —

Agaonidae.

??•
Mandibles with leaf-like striate or minutely denticulate appendage ; articu-
lated * palpi absent Agaoninae.

Mandibles without appendage ; articulated palpi present .... Sycophaginae.

* In Cerafosoleit there is somotiraes on the Ist maxilla at the side a rod-like BetigerouB process
of doubtful lioaiology.

1919.]

275

SyCOI'HAGINAK.

22.

I\faxillarj palpus with 1, labiiil 2, antenna with 13 joints.

Sycophaga We.stw. (1840).

Maxillary palpus 2, labial 1, antenna 11-jointed. No joint in the funicle

luiu.sLially broad Crossooastkr Mayr (1885).

Maxillary palpus t], labial 2, antenna 11-jointed. Funicle medianly broadened
and tapered both towaids the club and the ring-joint; second joint widest.

Skuks, gen. nov.

Maxillary palpus 4, labial 2, antenna U-jointed. First funicular joint much
wider than the others Svcokcl'S Waterst. (1914).

Nv^TE. — Platyscapiis Motsch., which is presumed to be a Sycophagine,
should be separable from any of the above by the 9-jointed antennae.

In the Sycophac/inne there is evidently a considerable variation in
the palpal joint formulae which is noteworthy in view of the uniformity
prevailing through long series of genera in other families of the Clialci-
doidea. This variability, however, does not necessarily imply a distant
i-elationship between tlie genera listed above. The peculiar life-conditions
of these tiny wasps makes it probable, indeed, that groups exhibiting
dift'erenees in structure quantitatively great are phylogenetically closely
connected. The many striking structural modifications of the Agaonidne
are largely for biting, digging, rasping, and clearing away of vegetable
tissue, and in such changes, affecting as they do the mandibles and head,
the trophi are liable to be involved. In the Agaonine series, at least, the
absence of palpi and the presence of the mandibular appendage are
plainly correlated. It is interesting to note by what varied means tlie
same result is achieved in this family. In Blastophar/a, Agaon, etc.,
the rasping lamina is fixed anteriorly to the base of the mandible. In
Sycoecus the rasp is the modified fore tibial spur, which is carried for-
ward below the head by the elongate coxa and femur to rest in approxi-
mately the position occupied by the mandibular appendage in the other
genera. In Seres the tibia itself has become a stout rasp and scoop
combined, carried forward as in Sycoecus by the elongate coxa and
femur.

Sebes, gen. nov.

TIead very elongate ; eyes moderately large, mouth-edge with two some-
what angular lateral lobes between which is the broadly tiuncated projectin.r
clypeus. Toruli midway between ocelli and clypeal edge. Facial impression
long and narrow. Antennae U-jointed; scape, pedicel, U\o ring joints, four
funicular, and three in club. Funicle and club compressed. Mandibles robust, the
right three or four, the left three dentate ; one or more of the teeth in each long,,
stout, and falcate ; base of the mandible with strong curved process extending
into the head for muscular attachments. Maxillary palpus 3-jointed, the labial

270 iDeoember,

2-joiated, Pronotum porrect, a little shorter tliau the entire mesonotum, the
two togetlier barely longer than the head. Prop(jJeal spiracles circular. Winj^s
post-margiual, shorter than the radius, and both much exceeded by the mar-
ginal. Discal ciliatiou sparse and obsolescent. Fore legs much modified ; the
cuxae elongate. Femur oblong, stout. Tibia short, bent, armed dorsally with
.sharp peg-like spines. Tarsus normal, slender, as are also the mid and hind
legs. In all the tarsi the joints, except the oth, bear a pair of spinose bristles,
preapical and ventral in position. Abdomen compressed, tergites deeply in-
cised posteriorly. Segments 4 and 5 longest. Spiracles very broadly oval.
Ovipositor I'atlier stout, short, decurved. Sternites 1-2 medianiy incised
posteriorly, while 3-5 are produced ; the 5th is in profile ploughshare-shaped
•and longer than the rest taken together.

Genotype the following species : — -

Seres armipes, sp. n.

A blackish-brown species in which the ground-colour is completely masked
'by brilliant blue-greeu metallic reflections, which are strongest anteriorly, par-
ticularly on the head. Abdomen duller. Mandibles dark castaneous. Trophi
pale. Antennae castaneous : coxae and femora mainly blackish brown. Tibiae
and tar.■^i paler. Wings clear, glossy, almost invisible in balsam; veins very
faintly embrowned.

'Head: length (depth) '87 mm.; across the vertex the breadth is h and at
5the mouth-edge \ of the length. Eyes ^ as long as the head and separated by
I of the breadth across the frons. Toruli distinctly below the base-line of tbo
•eyes; small, circular, contiguous. Ocellar triangle a little more than right
angled anteriorly. Integument strongly chitiuised, smooth, polished. Frontal
•surlace generally bare, but there are a few bristles (minute) along the orbits
and one or two above each of the lateral clypeal lobes. Antennae "75 mm.
long. Scape slender (7:1), parallel-sided, with about a dozen short bristles
■along the doi'sal edge, and the same number on the inner aspect with about
■8 very minute ventrally. Pedicel (8: 1) not quite half as long as the scape,
with about a dozen bristles mainly on the iimer surface. Ring-joints stout,
•eiich with one dorsal and one ventral bristle. The normal funicular joints
and the club segments are in the ratio 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 11, 11 ; in the same
scale the respective breadths of the funicular joints are 17, 22, 20, 17, while
the club is 16 at the first suture. Senaoria numerous, long, and stout: 1st
4'unicular with about 12, the 2nd 18, 3rd, 4th, and first two club segments
•about 14, while the last segment lias 8. There is a minute cone-sliaped
-terminal sense-organ armed with a short apical bristle and others more
minute. Trophi: cardo narrow, L-shaped ; stipes bare; maxillary palpus
;8 : 5 : 7, with its greatest breadth (2) at the npex of the 1st joint, all the
joints with one moderately long preapical bristle, the third with, in addition, a
short terminal bristle j^ the length of the joint itself. Labial palpus (11 : 11),
the first joint bare, the second with 2 short preapical bristles and another s as
long as the supporting joint. Thorax -\- Fropuileun P2 mm. Pronotum in the
form of a truncated isosceles triangle g longer than broad and 5 the length of
'the combined scutum and scutellum. Spiracle slightly prominent, with one
• stout bristle in front and a number of minute ones scattered irregularly, chiefly
anteroluteruUy Parapsidal furrows ending just inside the axillary sutures.

1919.: O-"

Mid lobe with a group of small brjatles on each side before I just inside the
furrows. Axillae narrow, with 2-3 minute bristles aud 1 longer and stouter
at the posterior angle. On the 8ci>tellum at the posterior edge are two strong
bristles set wide apart. Propodeon, spiracles set near the side at -J, with a few
minute bristles behind. There are 3-4 stout stiff bristles on tlie upper edge of
the metapleureon and a few (minute) below. Fore wings about 2f as long as
broad; length 1-7 mm., breadtli -6 mm. Subraarginal : marginal : radius ;
postmarginal in ratio 48: 18: 11: 9. On subnuirginal 8-i) bristles; on
marginal + postmarginal at the edge 11-12, and on these veins themselves are
9 in all. Radius bare, with 1 bristle at base. Basal third of wing practically
bare, but distally and arranged mainly parallel with the long axis of the wing
are about a dozen irregular hair-lines ; the cilia short, weak, and wide apart.;
Marginal fringe short and sparse. Hind wings 4 times as lang as broad ;
length 1-3 mm., breadth -3 mm. The neuration -8 mm. in lengtli. The snb-
marginal cell distally extremely narrow, extending linearly nearly to the hooks.
At the base of the submarginella where it lies along the costa are 6-7 bristles,
2 at the upturn, and 6-8 towards the hooks. Behind the neuration and
extending to the tip of the wing is a sparsely set rr)w of weak cilia.

Fore legs : coxa (3:1) about f the length of the femur (3 : 1), which is of
neaily equal breadth throughout. Tibia about | of the femur in length, with
about 20 spines, 10 extremely stout and peg-like along the apical edge and
about 8 similar behind and 2-3 much weaker near the base. Tar.-^us
36 : 18 : 12 : 10 : 33. Mid legs slender. Femur | of the tibia in length, spur
of the latter definitely preapical. Sutures of tarsus veiy ol)lique. Tarsus in
latio 95:60:40:27:40. Ilind legs: tibia without definite apical comb,
2nd spur short, stout, peg-like, only | of the 1st. Two similar small
spines among the stout bristles at the upper apical angle. Tarsus in ratio
75 : 60 : 40 : 27 : 50.

Abdomen: tergites 1-2 subequal, the second being slightly shorter; the
third is about i longer and equal to the 6th but just shorter than the 5th ;
the 4th is half as long again as the 1st, Stvlet short (not as long as the basal
breadth of the valve of the ovipositor), with 2 subapical and 2 apical bristles
of which thp longest is nearly twice the process itself, Tergites 1-4 have
posteriorly 3 median slit-like incisions (the central slit on tergite 1 beinp'
carried in to ^ the length of the sclerite), with 1-3 others indistinctly niarktd
on each of the overlaps. On 5 and 6 respectively there is 1 short median slit.
On tergite 6 there are about 8 strong bristles between, and 3-4 minute around,
the spiracles anteriorly with 3-4 behind. 2 stout bnstles (1:1) between the
stylets. On the sheath of the ovipositor are 2-3 rows of short bristles in-
creasing in length distally.

Length about 4^ mm., of which the ovipositor occupies '7 mm. ; alar
expauj^e 3| mm.

Bab. Gold Coast, Accra, in lab. vi.l919 (J. W. S. Macfe coll.).

Type, $ in Brit. Mus. Communicated through the kindness of
Prof. Newstead, F.R.S,

Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London.
ISovemhcr, 1919.

278 [Docember,

Insects damaging lead. — For a good many years tlie Natural History
Museum has been receiving from various parts of the globe pieces of lead
damaged by insects, and as doubt has frequently been expressed as to such
a thing being possible, the following information is given either from previously
published records or else from our ovrn files. In the " Electrical Review,"
December 8th, 1911, the Chief Engiueer of the Australian Federation Tele-
graphs states how the lead sheathing of the telephone cables in Adelaide had
been eaten awaj'^ in places for several inches by Termites, and how seveuil
years previously Termites had eaten throuah the bitumen compound coverii g
the Sydney Tramway cables and attacked the lead sheathing, finally eatin;j
into the insulation of the high-tension cables, thus causing frequent break-
downs and enormous expense, as miles of cable were affected. Damajie of
H similar nature has been reported from Buenos Ayres and Hongkong. In
" Insect Life," iv, 1891, pp. 81 and 202, Riley and Howard relate how a Cossid
larva bored its way through a large lead bullet, which had become embedded
in an oak-tree in which the larva was living, and how the larvae of Mono-
hanwius confiisor Kirby, bored through a lead pipe 2^ inches thick, while they
quote another instance from " Gesundheit's Ingenieur," January 15, 1891, of a
" wood-wasp " also cutting through a lead pipe. The earliest published record
of an insect damaging lead which we have been able to find is that contained
in Kirby and Speuce, Entomology, ed. 7, 1856, p. 120, note (3), where these
authors state that the larva of Callidium \_IIylotrt(pes\ bajulum L, made its
way through sheets of lead one-sixth of an inch in thickness. In May of this
year we had specimens of Teifopium gabrieli Weise sent us by Prof. A. Denny,
Sheffield University, who stated that these beetles had been guilty of per-
forating the lead lining of wooden vats. Mitsuhashi in his work on the
Japanese Buprestidae (*' Byochugai Zasshi," vi, no. 4, 1919), on the authority of
Piof. Sasaki, has recorded Buprestis japo/iensis Saund. injuring lead-piping.
In Bull. 10 (n. s.), U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. 1898, p. 88, Howard states how
a species of Lyctus bored through the lead lining of a water tank and thereby
nearly caused a law suit, while for a good mauy years there has been on
exhibit in the Museum a piece of lead riddled by the borings of an Anobimii.
In the early part of March of this year we received from Major Gambler- Parry,
of llighuani Court, Gloucester, a good many specimens of Ptinus scxpunctuius
I'z., together with some pupae of Osmia rtifa L. Our correspondent related
how the lead on the roof of the billiard-room had been punctured by some
insect, and wherever the holes were in the lead the Ptinus was found. W&
%vere unsuccessful in obtaining any of the damaged lead. This case has been
dealt with already (see Morley, ante, p. 107), but we see no reason why
Morley should credit the damage to Osmia rufa. In the Bull. Ent. Research,
vi, 1915, p. 201, it is recorded how Lounsbury found Sino.vylon rujicovne Thr.
boring in the lead-covered aerial cables in S. Africa, the hole being bored at a
point in the cable sheath immediately underneath the marline suspender by
which the cable is attached to the suspending wire. Similar damage has been
dune iu Queensland b}"^ Bostrychopsis jesuita F. and Xyloperfha sp., while
Frnggalt (Agr. Jouru. N. S. Wales, 28, no. 11, 1917) records Xylothrips gibbi-
collis doing almost identical damage, two beetles being actually round in situ.
Leslie [Ann. Soc. Eat. France, Ixix, 1900 (1901), p. 591 (note)j quotes another
Bostiychid, Scobicia pustulata, as boring in a gas-pipe in Europe. The only

1919.J 270

record of a Hymenopteron borinj^ lead known to us is that of Vaysiere (Bull.
Soc. Ent. France, no. 17, 8th Nov, 1916, pp. 273-274). He states how the
larvae of Sirex gigas L. had been living in the wood underneath the lead
covering of tlie lead tanks of a lead chamber process in a chemical factory in
the South of France, and the imagines on emerging, finding the lead sheet
between them and liberty, bored through it. — F, Laing, British Museum (Nat.
Hist.), Cromwell Road, S.W. 7 : November \Oth, 1919.

New Barh-beetles from Vladivostok : a correction. — This paper (a/tV,
pp. 246-251, pis. XV, xvi) was written in Russia in 1917, and accepted in 1919
by the Editors of the " Entomologists' Monthly Magazine " before I, as a
refugee, had an opportunity of examining in Sweden the Ipidological literature
of 1918 and 1919. An inspection of the lattev shows that my subgenus
Hylastinoides is synonymous with Alniphagus Swaine (J. M. Swaine, " CanadiMU
B rk-beetles," Part ii. Bulletin 14, Ottawa, 1918, pp. 43, 73.).— D. P.\rL
Spessivtsev, c/o Dr. Ivar Tragardh, Entomologiska Laboratoriet, Experi-
nientalfaltet, Stockholm, : October IQth, 1919,

A note on the Melyrid-genus Ileteracrius Kirsch. — During a recent attempt
to name the British Museum material belonging to the genus Arthrobrachus
Solier (1849), I have had occasion to study the description of Heteracriiis
Kirscli (1865), and find that it agrees with the second section (b) of Astglus,
as defined in my "Notes on various species of the American genus Astylns''
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 9, ii, p. 340, Oct. 1st, 1918), and it is also
obvioush'^ synonymous with Spinoastylus Pic (M(5langes exot.-entom. xxxi.
p. 21, Oct. 8th, 1919*). Heteracriun was treated by Kirsch as a subgenus of
the Chilean and Argentine genus Arthrobrachus , and this error has not been
suspected by subsequent writers ; he included in it four species from Bogota,
one of which, H. Jlavomaculatus li.ixsc\x = A. octopustulatus Goxh. (1880), and
the three others, //. sigtiatus, vittatus, and decoratus, are probably synonymous
with forms described by Pic or .myself, but this could not be satisfactorily
settled without comparison of the types. Kii'sch gave as the principal
characters of Ileteracrius, " Coi"pus elongatum, antennae laxius serratae, and
elytra sexuum diversa." The sexual difl'erence in the form of tlie apices of the
elytra is very remarkable; the spiniform armature, however, is peculiar to
tlie P , and not to the S ^s stated by the German author. His generic name
could be retained for the Tropical American forms possessing tliis structure, and
a new specific name would not then be required for A. vittatiis Gorh. (1882),
Y.hich is a true Astylns. Nine species belonging to it were enumerated by
myself (/. c), all from Colombia, Venezuela, or the Lesser Antilles, and various
others from the same regions have just been named by Pic (/, c. pp. 21, 22).
Gorham correctly identified the sexes of his A. octopustulatus, the elytral
armature being characteristic of the S in all other Malacodermata known to
me. The c5" metasterual tubercles were not observed by Kirsch.— G. C.
Champion, Horsell, Woking : October iilst, 1919.

* Thi3 paper was issued a week later than one by myself on the African and Asiatic species of
the Malacoderin genus Melyris Fab. (^=Zyijiu F.) (Ann." & Mag. IS'at. Hist. ser. 9, iv, pp. 157-2iy.
October let, 191'.*).

280

[Dfcpniber, 1919.

Chaetoc7iewa aahlbergi Gyll. in Smsfix.— On INIay 17ili last I took six speci-
mens of tliis rare species at roots of Jmicm growing just above bigh-water
mark on the bank of one of the creeks, aliout three miles from Chichester,
and on subsequent occasions during July, August, and September it was met
-with somewhat freely by sweeping in the evening iu the same 1 icalitv. I was
unable to locate the food-plants, but the species was certainly most frequently
swept from grass among which Glaux maritima was growing. Crepuhdera
impressa F. occurred in profusion on Sfatice linwnimn in the same locality.—
P. Hakavood, 69 Lyndhurst Road, Chichester: November 1919.

Sarothrus areolatiis Htg. bred.— When breeding Phorbla lactucae I have,
on several occasions in recent years, both at Sudbury and Colchester, reared a
Cynipid parasite which Mr. L. A. Box has kindly identified as the above
species. The parent Cynipids frequent the flower-heads of lettuce iu June
and July, and the flies and their parasites remain in the puparium throughout
the winter, emerging in June of the following year. Some of the puparui
are considerably below the average size, but I am not at present aware if it n
from these small examples that the parasites emerge. The species is described
by Cameron in "British Phytophagous Ilymenoptera," iii, 1890, pp. 168-9, and
figured on pi. viii, fig. 8 of the same vol. lie regards it as "apparently rare,"
and his only locality is Norwich (Bridgman) ; he also states that the life-
history of the genus is unknown. That it should prove to be an Anthomyid
parasite is not surprising, as a near relative, Fiijites anihomylarum Boucln?, is
recorded from allied species, and it will probably be found to be not uncomnnm
wherever lettuce is allowed to seed. My specimens were all bred from
"cabbage-lettuce" sown in the autumn.— B. S. Harwoob, Melford Iload,
Sudbury, Suffolk : November 7th, 1919.

§ocictD.

Thk South London Entomological and Natural History Socikty :
September 1 Uh, 1919.— Mr. Stanley Edw vrds, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Hy. J. Turner exhibited Colias edusa ab. helicina (clear lemon coloured)
from Cyprus, and three bred specimens of the very local Noctuid Glottulu
encaustas from Catania, Sicily, with notes.

September 25th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Lantern-slides were exhibited by Messrs. Lucas, Bunnett, and Dennis.
Mr. Step, for Mr. Miles, an Atlas Moth, 11 inches in expanse, from India.
Mr. Turner, Hesperiidae from Cordoba, Argentine, including Ilesperia
americana. Mr. B. S. Williams, a melanic series of Boarmia repandata from
Finchley. Dr. Chapman, some galls on dogwood.— Hy. J. Turner, Hon.
Editor of Proceedings.

END OF VOL. LV (Third Series, Vol, 5).

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Pj^ate XV.

mm wm

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F. Spe-isijvtsev, dei.

BARK-BEETLES FROM VLADIVOSTOK.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1919. Platk XVI.

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